1999
Development of glomerular synaptic complexes and immunohistochemical differentiation in the superficial dorsal horn of the embryonic primate spinal cord
Knyihar-Csillik E, Rakic P, Csillik B. Development of glomerular synaptic complexes and immunohistochemical differentiation in the superficial dorsal horn of the embryonic primate spinal cord. Brain Structure And Function 1999, 199: 125-148. PMID: 9930620, DOI: 10.1007/s004290050215.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSuperficial dorsal hornGlomerular synaptic complexesPrimate spinal cordDorsal hornDorsal root afferentsDorsal root axonsSubstance PSpinal cordSynaptic contactsPrimate dorsal hornSubstantia gelatinosa cellsPrimary afferent terminalsCB-immunoreactive cellsMacaque spinal cordFinal target cellPost-synaptic specializationsCharacteristic cytological featuresGrowth conesPre-embedding immunohistochemistryLaminae IAfferent terminalsImmunohistochemical differentiationGlomerular synapsesAxon terminalsCalcitonin gene
1997
Dorsal root origin of axonal growth cones: regenerative synapto-neogenesis in the upper spinal dorsal horn of primates.
Knyihár-Csillik E, Seres L, Rakic P, Csillik B. Dorsal root origin of axonal growth cones: regenerative synapto-neogenesis in the upper spinal dorsal horn of primates. Ideggyógyászati Szemle 1997, 5: 481-8. PMID: 9591285.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1996
Selective expression of m2 muscarinic receptor in the parvocellular channel of the primate visual cortex.
Mrzljak L, Levey A, Rakic P. Selective expression of m2 muscarinic receptor in the parvocellular channel of the primate visual cortex. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1996, 93: 7337-7340. PMID: 8692994, PMCID: PMC38985, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.14.7337.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDorsal lateral geniculate nucleusLateral geniculate nucleusGeniculate nucleusVisual cortexMacaque monkey visual cortexM2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptorM2 muscarinic receptorsM2 receptor proteinMuscarinic acetylcholine receptorsMonkey visual cortexPrimate visual cortexM2 receptorsCerebral cortexMuscarinic receptorsExcitatory neurotransmissionParvocellular layersLayers IIAcetylcholine receptorsSynaptic circuitsNeuronal channelsParvocellular channelsParvocellular pathwayCortexSelective expressionReceptorsSynaptogenesis in the Occipital Cortex of Macaque Monkey Devoid of Retinal Input From Early Embryonic Stages
Bourgeois J, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in the Occipital Cortex of Macaque Monkey Devoid of Retinal Input From Early Embryonic Stages. European Journal Of Neuroscience 1996, 8: 942-950. PMID: 8743742, DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01581.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-matched controlsStriate cortexDendritic spinesSynaptic contactsRetinal inputInfragranular cortical layersRatio of synapsesLateral geniculate nucleusPrimate striate cortexVolume of neuropilGroups of animalsEarly embryonic stagesAsymmetrical synapsesInfragranular layersSynaptic organizationGeniculate nucleusOccipital cortexNormal rangeOperated animalsSynaptic circuitsMacaque monkeysCortical layersEnucleated animalsSynaptic developmentDay 67
1995
Tempo of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the primate cingulate mesocortex: Comparison with the neocortex
Granger B, Tekaia F, Le Sourd A, Rakic P, Bourgeois J. Tempo of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the primate cingulate mesocortex: Comparison with the neocortex. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1995, 360: 363-376. PMID: 8522653, DOI: 10.1002/cne.903600212.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEnd of neurogenesisArea 24Area 17Neocortical areasEmbryonic days (EDs) 70Postnatal rhesus monkeysSecond postnatal monthPrimary visual cortexRemainder of gestationAnterior cingulate cortexSynaptic densityPostnatal monthRapid phaseHumoral factorsCingulate cortexVisual cortexAssociational areasRhesus monkeysNeurogenesisDay 70SynaptogenesisAutoradiographic analysisMonthsMesocortexNeocortex
1994
Synaptic development of the cerebral cortex: implications for learning, memory, and mental illness
Rakic P, Bourgeois J, Goldman-Rakic P. Synaptic development of the cerebral cortex: implications for learning, memory, and mental illness. Progress In Brain Research 1994, 102: 227-243. PMID: 7800815, DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60543-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSynaptogenesis in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rhesus Monkeys
Bourgeois J, Goldman-Rakic P, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rhesus Monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 1994, 4: 78-96. PMID: 8180493, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/4.1.78.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageSynaptic densityPrefrontal cortexCortical plateMotor areaRhesus monkeysDensity of synapsesQuantitative electron microscopic analysisCourse of synaptogenesisHigh synaptic densityWhole cortical thicknessPrefrontal association areasMacaque prefrontal cortexCerebral cortexDendritic shaftsSupragranular layersCortical circuitryCortical thicknessCortical mantleAssociation areasSynapse formationDay 47Selective increaseCortexSynapses
1993
Changes of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage
Bourgeois J, Rakic P. Changes of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage. Journal Of Neuroscience 1993, 13: 2801-2820. PMID: 8331373, PMCID: PMC6576672, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.13-07-02801.1993.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary visual cortexSynaptic contactsVisual cortexCortical plateSynaptic densityDendritic spinesPostnatal yearDensity of synapsesThird postnatal monthFirst postnatal yearTime of pubertyMicrons 3Asymmetric synapsesDendritic shaftsLayer VICalcarine fissureCortical neuronsLayer IVPostnatal monthLaminar positionMacaque monkeysFunctional maturationRhesus monkeysAdult levelsNeuropil
1992
Expression of GABA and GABAa receptors by neurons of the subplate zone in developing primate occipital cortex: Evidence for transient local circuits
Meinecke D, Rakic P. Expression of GABA and GABAa receptors by neurons of the subplate zone in developing primate occipital cortex: Evidence for transient local circuits. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1992, 317: 91-101. PMID: 1315345, DOI: 10.1002/cne.903170107.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubplate zoneExpression of GABASitu hybridizationGABAA receptorsTrophic interactionsPlasma membraneGABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complexGABAA receptor subunit mRNAsMammalian telencephalonUnlabeled axon terminalsTransient subplate zoneGABAA receptor subunitsLines of evidenceLocal neuronal circuitsBenzodiazepine receptor complexReceptor subunit mRNAsHybridization signalsReceptor complexSubunitsReceptor moleculesReceptor subunitsSubplate neuronsCortical afferentsSymmetrical synapsesEmbryonic day
1991
A quantitative analysis of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in the rhesus monkey
Eckenhoff M, Rakic P. A quantitative analysis of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in the rhesus monkey. Brain Research 1991, 64: 129-135. PMID: 1786637, DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(91)90216-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSynchronized overproduction of neurotransmitter receptors in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex.
Lidow M, Goldman-Rakic P, Rakic P. Synchronized overproduction of neurotransmitter receptors in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1991, 88: 10218-10221. PMID: 1658799, PMCID: PMC52899, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10218.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSynaptogenesis in Monkey Somatosensory Cortex
Zecevic N, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in Monkey Somatosensory Cortex. Cerebral Cortex 1991, 1: 510-523. PMID: 1822755, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/1.6.510.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsAxonsDendritesFemaleFetusMacaca mulattaPregnancySomatosensory CortexSynapsesConceptsYears of ageSomatosensory cortexSynaptic densityPostcentral gyrusLate fetal ageUpper limb representationDensity of synapsesMonkey somatosensory cortexNumber of synapsesSecond postnatal monthRate of synaptogenesisMicrons 3Timing of synaptogenesisPost-natal lifeSymmetrical synapsesDendritic shaftsSynaptic eliminationSomatosensory functionPostnatal monthDendritic spinesNeocortical areasCortical growthEarly infancyNeurotransmitter receptorsLimb representationExperimental manipulation of cerebral cortical areas in primates
Rakic P. Experimental manipulation of cerebral cortical areas in primates. Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences 1991, 331: 291-294. PMID: 1677473, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1991.0019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpecies-specific diversityExperimental manipulationEmbryonic developmentPrimate embryosProtomap hypothesisDevelopmental mechanismsCellular eventsMolecular mechanismsNeuronal phenotypeCerebral cortical areasSynaptic architectureHigher brain functionsCell numberCerebral cortexCongenital disorderExtrinsic influencesSynaptic circuitryCortical areasCytoarchitectonic patternCytoarchitectonic areasBrain functionEmbryosDiversityDistinct areasPhenotype
1989
Changes in synaptic density in motor cortex of rhesus monkey during fetal and postnatal life
Zecevic N, Bourgeois J, Rakic P. Changes in synaptic density in motor cortex of rhesus monkey during fetal and postnatal life. Brain Research 1989, 50: 11-32. PMID: 2582602, DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(89)90124-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMotor cortexSynaptic densityCortical plateRhesus monkeysDensity of synapsesTransient subplate zonePrimate motor cortexSecond postnatal monthTime of birthVolume of neuropilMicrons 3Non-human primatesSubplate zoneSymmetric synapsesAsymmetric synapsesDendritic shaftsSynaptic contactsLaminar distributionFirst synapsePostnatal monthDendritic spinesPostnatal lifeSynaptic connectionsAdult levelsCortexSynaptogenesis in visual cortex of normal and preterm monkeys: evidence for intrinsic regulation of synaptic overproduction.
Bourgeois J, Jastreboff P, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in visual cortex of normal and preterm monkeys: evidence for intrinsic regulation of synaptic overproduction. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1989, 86: 4297-4301. PMID: 2726773, PMCID: PMC287439, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.11.4297.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVisual cortexSynaptic overproductionVisual stimulationFirst postnatal monthTime of deliveryAge-matched controlsPrimary visual cortexTime of conceptionControl infantsLaminar distributionPostnatal monthRhesus monkeysCortexQuantitative electron microscopyVisual experienceTime courseSynapsesStimulationMonkeysIntrinsic regulationOverproductionPretermInfantsFetusesWeeks
1988
CCK-immunoreactive terminals form different types of synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampus
Leranth C, Frotscher M, Rakic P. CCK-immunoreactive terminals form different types of synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampus. Histochemistry And Cell Biology 1988, 88: 343-352. PMID: 3366638, DOI: 10.1007/bf00570293.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSynaptic contactsMonkey hippocampusSymmetric synaptic contactsAsymmetric synaptic contactsDistribution of CCKExcitatory transmissionSymmetric synapsesDendritic shaftsPyramidal cellsRat hippocampusCA3 regionDendritic spinesPrimate hippocampusHippocampusCell bodiesRodent hippocampusSame neuropeptidesImmunocytochemical analysisPresent findingsRatsSynapsesImportant differencesAsymmetric contactsCholecystokininCA1
1987
Development of the rhesus monkey retina: II. A three‐dimensional analysis of the sequences o synaptic combinations in the inner plexiform layer
Nishimura Y, Rakic P. Development of the rhesus monkey retina: II. A three‐dimensional analysis of the sequences o synaptic combinations in the inner plexiform layer. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1987, 262: 290-313. PMID: 3624556, DOI: 10.1002/cne.902620209.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInner plexiform layerAmacrine cell processesGanglion cell dendritesRibbon synapsesGanglion cellsPlexiform layerCell dendritesSerial electron microscopic sectionsBipolar cell axonsRhesus monkey retinaFetal rhesus monkeysGanglion cell processesLocal neuronal circuitsCell processesElectron microscopic sectionsSynaptic microcircuitryMonkey retinaInterplexiform cellsPresynaptic sitesPostsynaptic elementsPrimate retinaCell axonsConventional synapsesNeuronal contactsBipolar cellsSynaptogenesis in the primate retina proceeds from the ganglion cells towards the photoreceptors
Nishimura Y, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in the primate retina proceeds from the ganglion cells towards the photoreceptors. Neuroscience Research Supplements 1987, 6: s253-s268. PMID: 3317146, DOI: 10.1016/0921-8696(87)90021-1.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1986
Concurrent Overproduction of Synapses in Diverse Regions of the Primate Cerebral Cortex
Rakic P, Bourgeois J, Eckenhoff M, Zecevic N, Goldman-Rakic P. Concurrent Overproduction of Synapses in Diverse Regions of the Primate Cerebral Cortex. Science 1986, 232: 232-235. PMID: 3952506, DOI: 10.1126/science.3952506.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCerebral CortexMacaca mulattaMotor CortexSomatosensory CortexSynapsesVisual Cortex
1985
Development of the rhesus monkey retina. I. Emergence of the inner plexiform layer and its synapses
Nishimura Y, Rakic P. Development of the rhesus monkey retina. I. Emergence of the inner plexiform layer and its synapses. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1985, 241: 420-434. PMID: 4078040, DOI: 10.1002/cne.902410403.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInner plexiform layerConventional synapsesPlexiform layerGeniculate nucleusRibbon synapsesRhesus monkeysAdult levelsDorsal lateral geniculate nucleusRetinal ganglion cell axonsRhesus monkey retinaGanglion cell axonsSynaptic vesiclesLateral geniculate nucleusRate of synaptogenesisGap junctionsSynaptic contactsMonkey retinaCell axonsRetinal projectionsSuperior colliculusAcellular zoneChemical synapsesSynaptogenesisImmature neuritesSynapses