2013
Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders
Williams K, Bloch M, State M, Pittenger C. Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders. 2013, 1048-1060. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0079.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTourette syndromeTic disordersCortico-basal ganglia circuitryImmune-brain interactionPost-mortem findingsSubset of casesFunctional imaging studiesAttention deficit disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderVocal ticsDisorder pathophysiologySevere endImaging studiesDeficit disorderSpecific populationsDisordersSyndromeSensory phenomenaRecent findingsHeterogeneous genetic architecturePathophysiologyInterneuronsEtiologyAbnormalitiesFindings
2011
Glutamate abnormalities in obsessive compulsive disorder: Neurobiology, pathophysiology, and treatment
Pittenger C, Bloch MH, Williams K. Glutamate abnormalities in obsessive compulsive disorder: Neurobiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2011, 132: 314-332. PMID: 21963369, PMCID: PMC3205262, DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.09.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderTreatment-refractory OCDGlutamate-modulating agentsSmall clinical trialsNew treatment strategiesCompulsive disorderExcitatory neurotransmitter glutamatePathophysiology of OCDGlutamate abnormalitiesGlutamate dysregulationMonoaminergic neurotransmissionCurrent therapiesClinical trialsDopaminergic neurotransmissionTreatment strategiesCognitive-behavioral psychotherapyTherapeutic benefitAnimal modelsNeurotransmitter glutamateNeurochemical investigationsPathophysiologyNew therapeuticsDisordersRecent evidenceMedications