2017
Tics and Tourette Syndrome
Sukhodolsky D, Gladstone T, Kaushal S, Piasecka J, Leckman J. Tics and Tourette Syndrome. Autism And Child Psychopathology Series 2017, 241-256. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71210-9_14.ChaptersHabit reversal trainingTourette syndromeBehavioral interventionsPathophysiology of TSComprehensive clinical careComprehensive Behavioral InterventionCore clinical characteristicsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderModerators of responseCo-occurring conditionsDisruptive behavior disordersClinical characteristicsChronic motorClinical efficacyTic expressionVocal ticsClinical recommendationsCo-occurring psychopathologyClinical careTic severityTreatment approachesPremonitory urgesBehavior disorderAnxiety disordersDiagnostic assessment
2010
Tourette Syndrome in Children: An Updated Review
Du JC, Chiu TF, Lee KM, Wu HL, Yang YC, Hsu SY, Sun CS, Hwang B, Leckman JF. Tourette Syndrome in Children: An Updated Review. Pediatrics & Neonatology 2010, 51: 255-264. PMID: 20951354, DOI: 10.1016/s1875-9572(10)60050-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeVocal ticsMovement disordersBasal ganglia-related circuitsRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationPathophysiology of TSA2-adrenergic agonistHabit reversal therapySocial functioningTranscranial magnetic stimulationCommon neuropsychiatric disorderPatients' social functioningAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderCommon comorbiditiesNeurological examinationStreptococcal infectionReversal therapyObsessive-compulsive disorderAtypical neurolepticsDopaminergic innervationCorrect diagnosisSevere casesMagnetic stimulationSensory urge
2007
Frontal dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome: A postmortem analysis
Yoon DY, Gause CD, Leckman JF, Singer HS. Frontal dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome: A postmortem analysis. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2007, 255: 50-56. PMID: 17337006, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.069.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeDopamine transporterReceptor densityPathophysiology of TSAlpha-adrenergic receptorsSex-matched controlsD2 receptor densityPostmortem brain tissueFrontal regionsDopaminergic dysfunctionNeurochemical abnormalitiesDopaminergic abnormalitiesNeurochemical markersTS patientsFrontal cortexSemiquantitative immunoblottingFrontal lobeBrain tissueTS subjectsTerminal markersOccipital regionAbnormalitiesVesicular dockingPathophysiologySyndrome
2003
Basal Ganglia Volumes in Patients With Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Peterson BS, Thomas P, Kane MJ, Scahill L, Zhang H, Bronen R, King RA, Leckman JF, Staib L. Basal Ganglia Volumes in Patients With Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry 2003, 60: 415-424. PMID: 12695320, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.4.415.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBasal ganglia volumesBasal gangliaCaudate nucleus volumeTourette syndromeGanglia volumesObsessive-compulsive disorderLenticular nucleus volumesTic symptomsNucleus volumeGilles dePathophysiology of TSPrior neuroleptic exposureHealthy control subjectsSeverity of ticsComorbid obsessive-compulsive disorderGreat clinical relevanceAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomsHyperactivity disorder symptomsRepeated-measures analysisNeuroleptic exposureControl subjectsFunctional disturbancesTrait abnormalityClinical relevanceGanglia
2001
Regional Brain and Ventricular Volumes in Tourette Syndrome
Peterson BS, Staib L, Scahill L, Zhang H, Anderson C, Leckman JF, Cohen DJ, Gore JC, Albert J, Webster R. Regional Brain and Ventricular Volumes in Tourette Syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry 2001, 58: 427-440. PMID: 11343521, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.5.427.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsParieto-occipital regionsTourette syndromeTic symptomsCerebral volumeVentricular volumePathophysiology of TST subjectsWhite matter portionsThalamo-cortical circuitrySignificant inverse associationRegional cerebral volumesHigh-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imagesStandard anatomical landmarksSex differencesAge-related findingsDorsal prefrontal regionsRegional brainCortico-striatoHealthy childrenHealthy controlsInverse associationHealthy subjectsOccipital volumeTS groupCortical regions
1990
Gilles de La Tourette's syndrome and some forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder may share a common genetic diathesis.
Leckman JF, Chittenden EH. Gilles de La Tourette's syndrome and some forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder may share a common genetic diathesis. L Encéphale 1990, 16 Spec No: 321-3. PMID: 2209489.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPathophysiology of TSGilles de la Tourette's syndromeObsessive-compulsive disorderLa Tourette's syndromeTourette syndromeOCD patientsCerebrospinal fluid studiesRecent neuropathological studiesEndogenous opioid peptidesMesocortical dopaminergic systemCases of OCDCSF dynorphinNeuropathological studiesCommon genetic diathesisRaphe nucleusBasal gangliaSerotoninergic systemSerotonergic systemClinical studiesDopaminergic systemCommon neural substrateTS patientsNeuropharmacological studiesOpioid peptidesNormal controls
1988
Elevated CSF dynorphin A [1–8] in Tourette's syndrome
Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Berrettini WH, Anderson GM, Hardin M, Chappell P, Bissette G, Nemeroff CB, Goodman WK, Cohen DJ. Elevated CSF dynorphin A [1–8] in Tourette's syndrome. Life Sciences 1988, 43: 2015-2023. PMID: 2463450, DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90575-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPathobiology of TSTourette syndromeNeuroanatomic distributionEndogenous opioidsNeuropathological studiesObsessive-compulsive disorderPrevalence of TSBehavioral effectsPost-mortem brain studiesPathophysiology of TSGilles de la Tourette's syndromeCentral dopaminergic neuronsRecent neuropathological studiesLevels of dynorphinSevere Tourette syndromeBasal ganglia structuresChronic neuropsychiatric disorderLa Tourette's syndromeCentral monoaminergicCSF dynorphinElevated CSFStriatal fibersCSF studiesDopaminergic neuronsBasal ganglia
1982
Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a review of data.
Leckman JF, Cohen DJ, Detlor J, Young JG, Harcherik D, Shaywitz BA. Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a review of data. Advances In Neurology 1982, 35: 391-401. PMID: 6756089.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTS patientsLong-term symptomatic improvementPathophysiology of TSDouble-blind trialEfficacy of clonidineMinority of patientsGrowth hormone releasePrimary pathogenic importanceMinimal side effectsSymptomatic improvementBlood pressureProfile of responseNoradrenergic mechanismsMHPG levelsTherapeutic responseHormone releaseClonidinePathogenic importanceAcute dosesSide effectsTourette syndromeBehavioral symptomsPharmacologic investigationsNeurochemical systemsPatients