2013
Lessons Learned from Open-label Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: Eight Cases over 7 Years
Motlagh MG, Smith ME, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Kobets AJ, King RA, Miravite J, de Lotbinière AC, Alterman RL, Mogilner AY, Pourfar MH, Okun MS, Leckman JF. Lessons Learned from Open-label Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: Eight Cases over 7 Years. Tremor And Other Hyperkinetic Movements 2013, 3: 03. PMID: 24255802, PMCID: PMC3822402, DOI: 10.5334/tohm.126.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDeep brain stimulationYale Global Tic Severity ScaleTourette syndromeBrain targetsBrain stimulationMedication-refractory Tourette syndromeHomogenous clinical entityOpen-label experienceRefractory Gilles deSerious adverse eventsSelection of patientsRisk of surgeryMidline thalamic nucleiTic Severity ScalePatient-specific outcomesAdverse eventsClinical improvementPostoperative improvementClinical entityGlobus pallidusDBS patientsThalamic nucleiInclusion criteriaSeverity ScaleClinical experience
2005
Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with Tourette syndrome
Kalanithi PS, Zheng W, Kataoka Y, DiFiglia M, Grantz H, Saper CB, Schwartz ML, Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM. Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with Tourette syndrome. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2005, 102: 13307-13312. PMID: 16131542, PMCID: PMC1201574, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502624102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeNeuron distributionCalcium-binding protein parvalbuminNeuron numberT subjectsLower neuron numberGlobus pallidus pars externaParvalbumin-positive interneuronsTotal neuron numberUnbiased stereological techniquesChildhood neuropsychiatric disordersBasal ganglia tissueGABAergic neuronsGPi neuronsBasal gangliaCortico-striatoGlobus pallidusProtein parvalbuminThalamic circuitryGanglion tissueVocal ticsNormal controlsPutamen volumePars externaImaging studies