Vertebral Artery Ultrasound
Gunabushanam G, Kummant L, Scoutt LM. Vertebral Artery Ultrasound. Radiologic Clinics Of North America 2019, 57: 519-533. PMID: 30928075, DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.01.011.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsVertebral artery stenosisVertebral arteryArtery stenosisVertebral artery waveformsExtracranial vertebral arterySpectral Doppler waveformsArteriovenous fistulaStent placementDifferential diagnosisDoppler waveformsUltrasound appearanceUltrasound criteriaPathologic processesNormal anatomyArteryStenosisUltrasound imagingPseudoaneurysmFistula