2004
Effectiveness Over Time of Varicella Vaccine
Vázquez M, LaRussa PS, Gershon AA, Niccolai LM, Muehlenbein CE, Steinberg SP, Shapiro ED. Effectiveness Over Time of Varicella Vaccine. JAMA 2004, 291: 851-855. PMID: 14970064, DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.7.851.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTime of vaccinationVaricella vaccineVaccine effectivenessCase subjectsPolymerase chain reaction test resultsVaricella-zoster virus DNACase-control studyReaction test resultsReports of outbreaksFirst yearBreakthrough diseaseImmunized groupsActive surveillancePossible confoundersPediatric practiceVaccinationVaccineVirus DNAMonthsMost casesGroup practiceChickenpoxAgeYear 2Year 1Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias
Shapiro ED. Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2004, 23: 127-131. PMID: 14872178, DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000109248.32907.1d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, BacterialBacterial CapsulesBiasCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolConfidence IntervalsFemaleHaemophilus InfectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bHaemophilus VaccinesHumansImmunityImmunization ScheduleInfantMalePolysaccharides, BacterialProbabilityReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityTreatment OutcomeVaccinationConceptsEffectiveness of vaccinesCase-control studyInvasive Hib infectionsHib vaccinePneumococcal infectionHib infectionsInvasive infectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bInvasive pneumococcal infectionsInfluenzae type bMonths of ageIdentical study designOverall 34Study 74S. pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfectionStudy designHibType BPneumoniaeValid methodCasesPotential bias
2001
The Effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccine in Clinical Practice
Vázquez M, LaRussa P, Gershon A, Steinberg S, Freudigman K, Shapiro E. The Effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccine in Clinical Practice. New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 344: 955-960. PMID: 11274621, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200103293441302.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVaricella-zoster virusVaricella vaccinePolymerase chain reactionMild diseasePediatric practiceClinical practicePositive PCR testCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionPotential casesUnvaccinated childrenPotential confoundersActive surveillanceSevere diseaseChickenpoxDay 3VaccineLogistic regressionPCR testDiseaseChain reactionChildrenResearch assistantsIllnessVirusWILLINGNESS OF DIRECTORS OF CHILD CARE CENTERS TO CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC INFECTIONS
Juhn Y, Shapiro E, McCarthy P, Freudigman K. WILLINGNESS OF DIRECTORS OF CHILD CARE CENTERS TO CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC INFECTIONS. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2001, 20: 77-79. PMID: 11176573, DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200101000-00016.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2000
Prospective cohort study of children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers, 1985 through 1997: trends in the risk of vertical transmission, mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicator diseases in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy
SIMPSON J, SHAPIRO E, ANDIMAN W. Prospective cohort study of children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers, 1985 through 1997: trends in the risk of vertical transmission, mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicator diseases in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2000, 19: 618-624. PMID: 10917219, DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200007000-00007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAIDS indicator diseasesMonths of ageIndicator diseasesInfected childrenVertical transmissionCohort studyHuman immunodeficiency virus-infected mothersMycobacterium avium complex diseaseActive antiretroviral therapyHIV infection statusPerson monthsProspective cohort studyPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaLongitudinal cohort studyRate of deathIntroduction of treatmentTime of deathRates of diseaseAntiretroviral therapyHIV infectionCarinii pneumoniaPregnant womenAntiretroviral drugsHIV-1HIV
1998
Lyme Arthritis in Children: Clinical Epidemiology and Long-term Outcomes
Gerber M, Zemel L, Shapiro E. Lyme Arthritis in Children: Clinical Epidemiology and Long-term Outcomes. Pediatrics 1998, 102: 905-908. PMID: 9755263, DOI: 10.1542/peds.102.4.905.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term outcomesLyme arthritisAppropriate antimicrobial therapyAntimicrobial therapyClinical epidemiologyLyme diseaseMean white blood cell countWhite blood cell countNewington Children's HospitalCells/mm3Pediatric rheumatology clinicTime of diagnosisEarly Lyme diseaseErythrocyte sedimentation rateLong-term followOnset of symptomsBlood cell countStructured telephone interviewActive arthritisChronic arthritisRheumatology clinicArthroscopic synovectomyInitial diagnosisChildren's HospitalTelephone followFever without apparent source on clinical examination, Infectious diseases, and Lower respiratory infections in children
McCarthy P, Kahn J, Shapiro E, Klig J. Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, Infectious diseases, and Lower respiratory infections in children. Current Opinion In Pediatrics 1998, 10: 101-116. PMID: 9529649, DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199802000-00021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsChild, PreschoolCommunicable DiseasesFever of Unknown OriginHerpes SimplexHumansInfantInfant, NewbornPneumonia, MycoplasmaPoliomyelitisPoliovirus Vaccine, InactivatedPolymerase Chain ReactionPractice Guidelines as TopicRespiratory Tract DiseasesStreptococcal InfectionsStreptococcus agalactiaeConceptsInfectious diseasesClinical examinationGroup B Streptococcus ScreeningLower respiratory tract infectionsNeonatal herpes infectionRespiratory tract infectionsPediatric infectious diseasesPediatric office practiceEvaluation of childrenProlonged feverTract infectionsAcute feverHerpes infectionRespiratory infectionsImmunization scheduleUnknown originOffice practiceInfectionDiseaseApparent sourceFeverEugene ShapiroChildrenRecent literaturePaul McCarthy
1997
Vaccination for varicella--just do it!
Shapiro E, LaRussa P. Vaccination for varicella--just do it! JAMA 1997, 278: 1529-30. PMID: 9363975, DOI: 10.1001/jama.278.18.1529.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersVaccination for Varicella—Just Do It!
Shapiro E, LaRussa P. Vaccination for Varicella—Just Do It! JAMA 1997, 278: 1529-1530. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1997.03550180079042.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsVaricella vaccineVaccine-induced immunity wanesStrategy of immunizationDuration of protectionMonths of agePublic health servicesImmune childrenImmunization PracticesImmunity wanesUS FoodDrug AdministrationSusceptible adultsSusceptible individualsInfants 12Health servicesAmerican AcademyInfectious diseasesVaccineVaricellaAdvisory CommitteeAdultsConsiderable controversyChildrenVaccineesMorbidityLyme Disease in Children
Shapiro E, Seltzer E. Lyme Disease in Children. Seminars In Neurology 1997, 17: 39-44. PMID: 9166958, DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1040911.ChaptersReduction in the Risk of Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 Associated with Treatment of Pregnant Women with Orally Administered Zidovudine Alone
Simpson B, Shapiro E, Andiman W. Reduction in the Risk of Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 Associated with Treatment of Pregnant Women with Orally Administered Zidovudine Alone. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1997, 14: 145-152. PMID: 9052723, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199702010-00007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdministration, OralAdolescentAdultAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesDelivery, ObstetricFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalLongitudinal StudiesOdds RatioPregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsZidovudineConceptsRisk of transmissionT-lymphocyte countsMode of deliveryVertical transmissionHIV-1Cell countT-cell countsProspective cohort studyRisk of motherRoutine prenatal careSubgroup of womenChild transmissionUntreated womenCohort studyUntreated mothersPregnant womenPrenatal careObservational studyCD4ZidovudineSignificant associationWomenMothersRiskSignificant reductionFever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Other infectious diseases, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood
McCarthy P, Klig J, Kahn J, Shapiro E, Baron M. Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Other infectious diseases, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood. Current Opinion In Pediatrics 1997, 9: 105-126. PMID: 9088764, DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199702000-00021.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsDiarrhea of infancyInfectious diseasesClinical examinationLower respiratory tract infectionsRespiratory tract infectionsPediatric office practiceEvaluation of childrenEarly childhoodProlonged feverTract infectionsAcute feverRespiratory infectionsAcute gastroenteritisUnknown originOffice settingOffice practiceDiseaseRecent literatureApparent sourceDiarrheaFeverEugene ShapiroChildrenGastroenteritisInfection
1996
Lyme Disease in Children in Southeastern Connecticut
Gerber M, Shapiro E, Burke G, Parcells V, Bell G. Lyme Disease in Children in Southeastern Connecticut. New England Journal Of Medicine 1996, 335: 1270-1274. PMID: 8857006, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199610243351703.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsErythema migrans lesionsSingle erythema migrans lesionLyme diseaseErythema migransClinical manifestationsMultiple erythema migrans lesionsCommunity-based cohort studyFacial nerve palsyInitial clinical manifestationPrompt clinical responseEarly Lyme diseasePercent of childrenConventional antimicrobial therapyMultiple erythemaClinical responseCohort studyAseptic meningitisConsecutive patientsMedian ageProspective dataAntimicrobial therapyAntibody testNew episodesPatientsLesionsFever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Other infectious diseases, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood
McCarthy P, Klig J, Shapiro E, Baron M. Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Other infectious diseases, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood. Current Opinion In Pediatrics 1996, 8: 75-93. PMID: 8680522, DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199602000-00017.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsDiarrhea of infancyInfectious diseasesClinical examinationLower respiratory tract infectionsRespiratory tract infectionsPediatric office practiceEvaluation of childrenEarly childhoodProlonged feverTract infectionsAcute feverRespiratory infectionsAcute gastroenteritisUnknown originOffice practiceDiseaseRecent literatureApparent sourceDiarrheaFeverEugene ShapiroChildrenGastroenteritisInfectionChildhood
1995
Risk Factors for a First Febrile Seizure: A Matched Case‐Control Study
Berg A, Shinnar S, Shapiro E, Salomon M, Crain E, Hauser W. Risk Factors for a First Febrile Seizure: A Matched Case‐Control Study. Epilepsia 1995, 36: 334-341. PMID: 7541745, DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01006.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFirst febrile seizureFebrile seizuresCase-control studyUnprovoked seizuresRisk factorsHeight of temperatureIndex visitEmergency departmentSignificant independent risk factorsMatched Case-Control StudyIndependent risk factorAcute illness episodesRoutine pediatric careUse of acetaminophenSignificant inverse associationHospital emergency departmentDate of visitFebrile controlsMaternal smokingUnderlying illnessMultivariable analysisOutpatient clinicIllness characteristicsIllness episodesPerinatal variablesOffice pediatrics
McCarthy P, Bachman D, Shapiro E, Baron M. Office pediatrics. Current Opinion In Pediatrics 1995, 7: 107-125. PMID: 7728195, DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199502000-00020.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsCommunity-acquired lower respiratory infectionsLower respiratory tract infectionsInfectious diseasesDiarrhea of infancyLower respiratory infectionsRespiratory tract infectionsPediatric office practiceRespiratory syncytial virusHemolytic uremic syndromeEvaluation of childrenDay care centersProlonged feverTract infectionsAcute feverRespiratory infectionsSyncytial virusClinical examinationCare centerEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coliStreptococcus pneumoniaeUnknown originOffice settingOffice practiceInfectionAntimicrobial drugs
1994
Invasive bacterial infections in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Andiman W, Mezger J, Shapiro E. Invasive bacterial infections in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1994, 124: 846-852. PMID: 8201465, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83169-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive bacterial infectionsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1Years of ageVirus type 1Bacterial infectionsHIV-1 infection statusHIV-1-infected mothersHIV-1-infected patientsType 1Instances of bacteremiaSerious focal infectionsObservational cohort studyRate of infectionMonths of ageUninfected subjectsCohort studyPneumococcal bacteremiaInvasive infectionsFocal infectionHIV-1Cerebrospinal fluidS. pneumoniaeHIVStreptococcus pneumoniaeFever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Bacterial infections, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood
McCarthy P, Bachman D, Shapiro E, Baron M. Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, Lower respiratory infections in children, Bacterial infections, and Acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood. Current Opinion In Pediatrics 1994, 6: 105. PMID: 8205167, DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199402000-00019.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsDiarrhea of infancyClinical examinationRespiratory syncytial virus infectionLower respiratory tract infectionsInfectious diseasesHaemophilus influenzae type bSyncytial virus infectionRespiratory tract infectionsMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionPediatric office practiceCat-scratch diseaseInfluenzae type bEvaluation of childrenEarly childhoodProlonged feverAspiration pneumoniaStreptococcal pharyngitisTract infectionsAcute feverRespiratory infectionsTuberculosis infectionChlamydia infectionOtitis mediaTherapeutic advancesAcute gastroenteritis
1993
Quantitative leukoviremia and immune complex-dissociated antigenemia as predictors of infection status in children born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Ikeda M, Andiman W, Mezger J, Shapiro E, Miller G. Quantitative leukoviremia and immune complex-dissociated antigenemia as predictors of infection status in children born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1993, 122: 524-531. PMID: 8463895, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83530-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1Virus type 1Infection statusCulture resultsHIV-1-infected mothersType 1Peripheral blood mononuclear cellsSerum antigen testHIV-1 antigensBlood mononuclear cellsPositive culture resultsNegative culture resultsSeronegative donorsInfected childrenReactive antibodiesAntigen testMononuclear cellsClinical criteriaHIV-1Immune complexesCocultureChildrenPositive resultsAntigen
1992
A Prospective Study of Recurrent Febrile Seizures
Berg A, Shinnar S, Hauser W, Alemany M, Shapiro E, Salomon M, Crain E. A Prospective Study of Recurrent Febrile Seizures. New England Journal Of Medicine 1992, 327: 1122-1127. PMID: 1528207, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199210153271603.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of recurrenceRecurrent febrile seizuresFebrile seizuresProspective studyFamily historyFirst febrile seizureDuration of feverPredictors of recurrenceComplex febrile seizuresInitial febrile seizurePediatric emergency departmentInitial seizureEmergency departmentMedical recordsNeurodevelopmental abnormalitiesCumulative riskRecurrenceFeverSeizuresDegree of increaseDegrees FChildrenRiskShort durationMonths