2004
Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias
Shapiro ED. Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2004, 23: 127-131. PMID: 14872178, DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000109248.32907.1d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, BacterialBacterial CapsulesBiasCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolConfidence IntervalsFemaleHaemophilus InfectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bHaemophilus VaccinesHumansImmunityImmunization ScheduleInfantMalePolysaccharides, BacterialProbabilityReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityTreatment OutcomeVaccinationConceptsEffectiveness of vaccinesCase-control studyInvasive Hib infectionsHib vaccinePneumococcal infectionHib infectionsInvasive infectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bInvasive pneumococcal infectionsInfluenzae type bMonths of ageIdentical study designOverall 34Study 74S. pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfectionStudy designHibType BPneumoniaeValid methodCasesPotential bias
1994
Invasive bacterial infections in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Andiman W, Mezger J, Shapiro E. Invasive bacterial infections in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1994, 124: 846-852. PMID: 8201465, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83169-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive bacterial infectionsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1Years of ageVirus type 1Bacterial infectionsHIV-1 infection statusHIV-1-infected mothersHIV-1-infected patientsType 1Instances of bacteremiaSerious focal infectionsObservational cohort studyRate of infectionMonths of ageUninfected subjectsCohort studyPneumococcal bacteremiaInvasive infectionsFocal infectionHIV-1Cerebrospinal fluidS. pneumoniaeHIVStreptococcus pneumoniae
1991
The Protective Efficacy of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Shapiro E, Berg A, Austrian R, Schroeder D, Parcells V, Margolis A, Adair R, Clemens J. The Protective Efficacy of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine. New England Journal Of Medicine 1991, 325: 1453-1460. PMID: 1944423, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199111213252101.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal infectionsPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePneumococcal vaccineProtective efficacyPneumococcal infectionCase patientsImmunocompetent patientsPolysaccharide vaccineVaccination historyHospital-based case-control studyPolyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccineSerious pneumococcal infectionsSite of hospitalizationVaccine protective efficacyPolyvalent pneumococcal vaccineCase-control studyProspective surveillanceRandomized trialsSterile sitesPatientsS. pneumoniaeMedical careStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfection
1986
Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia
Shapiro E, Aaron N, Wald E, Chiponis D. Risk factors for development of bacterial meningitis among children with occult bacteremia. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1986, 109: 15-19. PMID: 3088242, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80564-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOccult bacteremiaBacterial meningitisInfluenzae type bClinical characteristicsInitial visitLumbar punctureRisk factorsRelative riskHaemophilus influenzae type bYale-New Haven HospitalH. influenzae type bType BChildren's HospitalPossible confounding effectsMeningitisBacteremiaEstimates of riskS. pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeLogistic regressionN. meningitidisNeisseria meningitidisHospitalChildrenRisk
1981
1068 THE NORMAL BACTERIAL FLORA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS OF RHESUS MONKEYS
Shapiro E, Wald E, Doyle W, Rohn D. 1068 THE NORMAL BACTERIAL FLORA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS OF RHESUS MONKEYS. Pediatric Research 1981, 15: 620-620. DOI: 10.1203/00006450-198104001-01094.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMaxillary sinusNormal bacterial floraRhesus monkeysSinus aspiratesQuantitative nasal culturesPathogenesis of sinusitisBacterial floraNasal contaminationIntrasinus pressureAlpha-streptococciNasal mucosaNasal culturesParanasal sinusesSinus drainageLow colony countsMucociliary transportAnimal modelsViral infectionS. pneumoniaeAspiratesSinusMonkeysS. epidermidisInfectionColony counts