2024
Structural bases for Na+-Cl− cotransporter inhibition by thiazide diuretic drugs and activation by kinases
Zhao Y, Schubert H, Blakely A, Forbush B, Smith M, Rinehart J, Cao E. Structural bases for Na+-Cl− cotransporter inhibition by thiazide diuretic drugs and activation by kinases. Nature Communications 2024, 15: 7006. PMID: 39143061, PMCID: PMC11324901, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51381-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNa+-Cl- cotransporterFamilial hyperkalemic hypertensionRenal salt retentionThiazide diuretic drugsNa+-Cl-Cotransporter inhibitionNCC activitySalt reabsorptionDiuretic drugsBlood pressureBalanced electrolyteTreat hypertensionIon translocation pathwayIon translocationThiazideHypertensionSalt retentionOrthosteric siteCo-structureCarboxyl-terminal domainKinase cascadeEdemaChlorthalidoneCotransporterTranslocation
2021
The structural basis of function and regulation of neuronal cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2
Zhang S, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Liu T, Friedel P, Zhuo W, Somasekharan S, Roy K, Zhang L, Liu Y, Meng X, Deng H, Zeng W, Li G, Forbush B, Yang M. The structural basis of function and regulation of neuronal cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2. Communications Biology 2021, 4: 226. PMID: 33597714, PMCID: PMC7889885, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01750-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCryo-electron microscopy structureHuman NKCC1Microscopy structureEssential residuesFunctional characterizationKCC transportersPlasma membraneStructural basisTransepithelial saltTransport activityMechanistic understandingTransportersStructural studiesCritical roleCotransporter NKCC1Computational analysisIon transportWater transportNeuronal excitabilityNKCC1PhosphorylationCell volumeNKCCKCC2Residues
2014
Molecular Motions Involved in Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-mediated Ion Transport and Transporter Activation Revealed by Internal Cross-linking between Transmembrane Domains 10 and 11/12*
Monette MY, Somasekharan S, Forbush B. Molecular Motions Involved in Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-mediated Ion Transport and Transporter Activation Revealed by Internal Cross-linking between Transmembrane Domains 10 and 11/12*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2014, 289: 7569-7579. PMID: 24451383, PMCID: PMC3953270, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.542258.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceBinding SitesCell LineChloridesCopperCross-Linking ReagentsDisulfidesHomeostasisHumansIon TransportIonsKineticsMicroscopy, ConfocalMicroscopy, FluorescenceModels, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataMutationPhenanthrolinesPhosphorylationProtein Structure, TertiaryRubidium RadioisotopesSequence Homology, Amino AcidSodium-Potassium-Chloride SymportersSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 2ConceptsTransmembrane domain 10Domain 10Copper phenanthrolineLarge C terminusNa-K-Cl cotransporterRegulatory domainCysteine pairsC-terminusN-terminusDephosphorylation rateTransporter activationDisulfide formationIon transportHomology modelNKCC activationInhibition of transportTransport functionLow micromolar concentrationsSame transporterCross-link formationActivation statePhosphorylationTerminusTransportersOcclusion step
2010
Phosphorylation state of the Na+–K+–Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) in the gills of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) during acclimation to water of varying salinity
Flemmer AW, Monette MY, Djurisic M, Dowd B, Darman R, Gimenez I, Forbush B. Phosphorylation state of the Na+–K+–Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) in the gills of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) during acclimation to water of varying salinity. Journal Of Experimental Biology 2010, 213: 1558-1566. PMID: 20400641, PMCID: PMC2856500, DOI: 10.1242/jeb.039644.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSalinity acclimationAtlantic killifishNKCC1 phosphorylationCAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathwayEnvironmental salinityFW fishRole of phosphorylationPhospho-specific antibodiesLong-term acclimationKinase A PathwayFreshwaterCAMP-PKA pathwayTransfer of fishPhosphorylation stateKillifish gillEuryhaline teleostNKCC1 proteinKillifishAcclimationRegulatory rolePhosphorylationA PathwayRich kinaseFishGills
2009
Sites of Regulated Phosphorylation that Control K-Cl Cotransporter Activity
Rinehart J, Maksimova YD, Tanis JE, Stone KL, Hodson CA, Zhang J, Risinger M, Pan W, Wu D, Colangelo CM, Forbush B, Joiner CH, Gulcicek EE, Gallagher PG, Lifton RP. Sites of Regulated Phosphorylation that Control K-Cl Cotransporter Activity. Cell 2009, 138: 525-536. PMID: 19665974, PMCID: PMC2811214, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAmino Acid SubstitutionAnimalsHumansMiceMolecular Sequence DataPhosphorylationSequence AlignmentSymportersConceptsIntrinsic transport activityK-Cl cotransporterTransport activityCell volume regulationRegulated phosphorylationRNA interferenceAlanine substitutionsCultured cellsHomologous sitesKCC activityCl exitWNK1 expressionNeonatal mouse brainVolume regulationNeuronal functionHypotonic conditionsActive cotransportPhosphorylationIntracellular chloride concentrationCotransporter activityKCC3Human red blood cellsKCC2 activationFundamental roleMouse brain
2008
Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-1 in the Mechanism of Ammonia-induced Astrocyte Swelling*
Jayakumar A, Liu M, Moriyama M, Ramakrishnan R, Forbush B, Reddy P, Norenberg M. Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-1 in the Mechanism of Ammonia-induced Astrocyte Swelling*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2008, 283: 33874-33882. PMID: 18849345, PMCID: PMC2590687, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804016200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNKCC activityNa-K-ClAstrocyte swellingCell swellingNa-K-Cl cotransporter-1Na-K-Cl cotransporterComplication of acute liver failureN-nitro-L-arginine methyl esterNitric oxide synthase inhibitionActivation of NKCC1NKCC1 protein expressionCultured astrocytesInduce oxidative/nitrosative stressAcute liver failureLoss of ion homeostasisSwelling of astrocytesPhosphorylated NKCC1NKCC1 expressionLiver failureNKCC1Synthase inhibitionBrain herniationBrain edemaIntracranial pressureProtein expression
2007
Intramolecular and Intermolecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Fluorescent Protein-tagged Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC1) SENSITIVITY TO REGULATORY CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE AND CELL VOLUME* * This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant DK47661. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Methods 1 and Table 1.
Pedersen M, Carmosino M, Forbush B. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Fluorescent Protein-tagged Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC1) SENSITIVITY TO REGULATORY CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE AND CELL VOLUME* * This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant DK47661. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Methods 1 and Table 1. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2007, 283: 2663-2674. PMID: 18045874, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708194200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBacterial ProteinsCell LineCell SizeChloridesFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHumansLuminescent ProteinsModels, MolecularPhosphorylationProtein ConformationRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSharksSodium-Potassium-Chloride SymportersSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 1TransfectionConceptsFluorescence resonance energy transferRegulatory domainC-terminusLevel of FRETN-terminusFluorescent proteinFRET changesResonance energy transferRegulatory phosphorylation eventsRegulatory conformational changesFluorescent protein tagsExtreme N-terminusEmbryonic kidney cell lineYellow fluorescent proteinHuman embryonic kidney cell lineN-terminal residuesPhosphorylation eventsU.S.C. Section 1734Na-K-Cl cotransporterMembrane domainsProtein tagsKidney cell lineIntermolecular fluorescence resonance energy transferYFP fluorescenceCosts of publication
2005
Regulatory phosphorylation sites in the NH2 terminus of the renal Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2)
Giménez I, Forbush B. Regulatory phosphorylation sites in the NH2 terminus of the renal Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2). American Journal Of Physiology. Renal Physiology 2005, 289: f1341-f1345. PMID: 16077079, DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2005.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2003
PASK (Proline-Alanine-rich STE20-related Kinase), a Regulatory Kinase of the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC1)*
Dowd BF, Forbush B. PASK (Proline-Alanine-rich STE20-related Kinase), a Regulatory Kinase of the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC1)*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2003, 278: 27347-27353. PMID: 12740379, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301899200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBlotting, WesternCell LineDNA, ComplementaryDose-Response Relationship, DrugGenes, DominantGenetic VectorsHumansMarine ToxinsOxazolesOxidative StressPhosphorylationPrecipitin TestsProtein BindingProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein Structure, TertiaryRatsRubidiumSharksSodium-Potassium-Chloride SymportersSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 2ThreonineTime FactorsConceptsNa-K-Cl cotransporterN-terminal regulatory domainPhosphorylation-dependent activationHEK cellsInhibitor calyculin ANKCC1 activityRegulatory domainCoimmunoprecipitation assaysRegulatory kinasesActivation of NKCC1Calyculin ARegulated eventNKCC1 activationPhosphorylationKinaseSharksCotransporter activityOverexpressionCotransporter expressionNKCC1CellsActivationBindingCotransporterMutantsShort-term Stimulation of the Renal Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC2) by Vasopressin Involves Phosphorylation and Membrane Translocation of the Protein*
Giménez I, Forbush B. Short-term Stimulation of the Renal Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC2) by Vasopressin Involves Phosphorylation and Membrane Translocation of the Protein*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2003, 278: 26946-26951. PMID: 12732642, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303435200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNa-K-Cl cotransporterRenal Na-K-Cl cotransporterCell membrane compartmentsRegulatory threonineMembrane compartmentsAntidiuretic hormone vasopressinPhosphospecific antibodiesMembrane translocationAmino terminusCytoplasmic vesiclesNKCC2 phosphorylationShort-term activationApical membranePhosphorylationTerm activationHormone vasopressinShort-term stimulationThick ascending limbProteinTranslocationCotransporterNKCC2ActivationAscending limbMorphometric analysis
2002
A Regulatory Locus of Phosphorylation in the N Terminus of the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter, NKCC1*
Darman RB, Forbush B. A Regulatory Locus of Phosphorylation in the N Terminus of the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter, NKCC1*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2002, 277: 37542-37550. PMID: 12145304, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206293200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBinding SitesCell LineDogfishHumansIon TransportKineticsModels, MolecularPeptide FragmentsPhosphopeptidesPhosphorylationProtein ConformationRecombinant ProteinsSalt GlandSodium-Potassium-Chloride SymportersSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 2Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationTransfectionTrypsinConceptsProtein phosphatase 1 bindsN-terminusSer/ThrPhosphorylation-dependent mechanismN-terminal domainStrong consensus siteNa-K-Cl cotransporter NKCC1Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization timePhosphoregulatory mechanismsPhosphoacceptor sitesRegulatory lociHEK-293 cellsNa-K-Cl cotransporterLaser desorption ionization timeCalyculin AConsensus sitesPhosphorylation stoichiometryDesorption ionization timeAmino acidsTryptic fragmentsProteinGland tubulesRectal gland tubulesFlight mass spectrometryIonization time
2001
Modulation of Ion Transport by Direct Targeting of Protein Phosphatase Type 1 to the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter*
Darman R, Flemmer A, Forbush B. Modulation of Ion Transport by Direct Targeting of Protein Phosphatase Type 1 to the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2001, 276: 34359-34362. PMID: 11466303, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100368200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProtein phosphatase 1Substrate proteinsNa-K-Cl cotransporterProtein phosphatase type 1Phosphatase type 1Intracellular chloride regulationPhosphatase specificityRegulatory phosphorylationPhosphatase 1Catalytic subunitMotif bindsSubunit bindsN-terminusPP1cMajor proteinsDirect bindingDirect interactionChloride regulationProteinGeneral mechanismDirect targetingMutantsMotifSubunitsBinds
1998
The Na-K-Cl Cotransporters
Haas M, Forbush B. The Na-K-Cl Cotransporters. Journal Of Bioenergetics And Biomembranes 1998, 30: 161-172. PMID: 9672238, DOI: 10.1023/a:1020521308985.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNa-K-Cl cotransporterNa-K-ClNa-K-Cl cotransport activityNa-K-Cl cotransporter isoformsCotransport activitySecretory epitheliaApical Cl- channelsHypokalemic metabolic alkalosisCation-chloride cotransportersNKCC2 geneCl- channelsBartter's syndromeVolume depletionBasolateral membraneCotransporter proteinApical membraneSalt wastingMetabolic alkalosisSecreting epitheliaNonepithelial cellsAscending limbHenle's loopK-ClCotransporterEpithelial cells
1997
Diversity of the E2P Phosphoforms of Na, K‐ATPasea
FEDOSOVA N, CORNELIUS F, FORBUSH B, KLODOS I. Diversity of the E2P Phosphoforms of Na, K‐ATPasea. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 1997, 834: 386-389. PMID: 9432913, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52278.x.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1996
Regulatory phosphorylation of the secretory Na-K-Cl cotransporter: modulation by cytoplasmic Cl
Lytle C, Forbush B. Regulatory phosphorylation of the secretory Na-K-Cl cotransporter: modulation by cytoplasmic Cl. American Journal Of Physiology 1996, 270: c437-c448. PMID: 8779905, DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.2.c437.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNa-K-Cl cotransporterNa-K-ClCotransport activityNa-K-Cl cotransport proteinResponse to cell shrinkageIncreased cotransport activityExtracellular K concentrationBlocking activityRefractory to forskolinPhosphatase inhibitor calyculin AInhibitor calyculin AShark rectal glandCotransporter proteinCytoplasmic Cl-CotransporterCell ClSecretory stimuliCell shrinkageCalyculin APhosphorylationRate of entryRegulatory phosphorylationPhosphorylation stateSecretory tubulesRectal gland
1992
The Na-K-Cl cotransporter of avian salt gland. Phosphorylation in response to cAMP-dependent and calcium-dependent secretogogues.
Torchia J, Lytle C, Pon D, Forbush B, Sen A. The Na-K-Cl cotransporter of avian salt gland. Phosphorylation in response to cAMP-dependent and calcium-dependent secretogogues. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1992, 267: 25444-25450. PMID: 1281159, DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74061-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine MonophosphateAnimalsBlotting, WesternCalciumCarbacholCarrier ProteinsCell MembraneColforsinCyclic AMPDucksKineticsMembrane ProteinsPhosphatesPhosphorylationSalt GlandSodium-Potassium-Chloride SymportersTime FactorsVasoactive Intestinal PeptideConceptsNa-K-Cl cotransporterPhosphorylation of pp170Avian salt glandMonoclonal antibodiesResponse to carbacholEffect of forskolinNa-K-ClIntact cell preparationsConcentration-dependent increaseStimulation of secretionIncreased approximately 5-foldCAMP accumulationExposure of cellsCAMP-dependent protein kinasePp170Approximately 5-foldCell preparationsCAMP-dependentSalt gland cellsGland membranesWestern blottingForskolinSecretogoguesVIPAntibodiesThe Na-K-Cl cotransport protein of shark rectal gland. II. Regulation by direct phosphorylation.
Lytle C, Forbush B. The Na-K-Cl cotransport protein of shark rectal gland. II. Regulation by direct phosphorylation. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1992, 267: 25438-25443. PMID: 1334094, DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74060-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCarrier ProteinsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidCyclic AMPDogfishHypertonic SolutionsIsoquinolinesKineticsMembrane ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataPeptide FragmentsPhosphorylationProtein Kinase InhibitorsRectumSebaceous GlandsSodium-Potassium-Chloride SymportersSulfanilamidesThionucleotidesConceptsNa-K-Cl cotransport proteinNa-K-ClCotransporter proteinShark rectal glandCell shrinkageCAMP-dependent secretagoguesRectal gland tubulesOsmotically induced changesCotransporter phosphorylationCotransport activityKinase inhibitorsProtein kinase inhibitorsCotransporterPhosphorylation stateRectal glandActive stateH-8K-252aTubulesGlandPhosphorylationCDNA analysisCellsIncreased 5Protein phosphorylation
1991
Rate-limiting steps in Na translocation by the Na/K pump.
Forbush B, Klodos I. Rate-limiting steps in Na translocation by the Na/K pump. Society Of General Physiologists Series 1991, 46: 210-25. PMID: 1653981.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1988
Rapid 86Rb release from an occluded state of the Na,K-pump reflects the rate of dephosphorylation or dearsenylation.
Forbush B. Rapid 86Rb release from an occluded state of the Na,K-pump reflects the rate of dephosphorylation or dearsenylation. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1988, 263: 7961-7969. PMID: 2836403, DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68428-5.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1979
Evidence that ouabain binds to the same large polypeptide chain of dimeric Na,K-ATPase that is phosphorylated from Pi.
Forbush B, Hoffman J. Evidence that ouabain binds to the same large polypeptide chain of dimeric Na,K-ATPase that is phosphorylated from Pi. Biochemistry 1979, 18: 2308-15. PMID: 221003, DOI: 10.1021/bi00578a027.Peer-Reviewed Original Research