2025
Plasma CHI3L1 associates with brain volume loss and glial activation in multiple sclerosis
Ahola V, Saraste M, Nylund M, Matilainen M, Luoma A, Vuorimaa A, Lehto J, Laaksonen S, Brockmann E, Kuhle J, Leppert D, Soukka T, Lamminmäki U, Airas L. Plasma CHI3L1 associates with brain volume loss and glial activation in multiple sclerosis. Journal Of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2025, jnnp-2025-336063. PMID: 40379482, DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2025-336063.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDistribution volume ratioBrain volume lossHealthy controlsPositron emission tomographyPlasma CHI3L1Smoldering inflammationMultiple sclerosisGlial activationInnate immune cell activationAssociated with Expanded Disability Status ScaleImmune cell activationChitinase-3-like protein 1Expanded Disability Status ScaleAssociated with smaller brain volumesDisability Status ScaleCHI3L1 concentrationsIndependent of relapsesVolume lossStudy cohortCell activationImaging outcomesTSPO-PETCHI3L1Emission tomographyStatus ScaleThe role of microglia in multiple sclerosis: implications for treatment with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Vermersch P, Airas L, Berger T, Deisenhammer F, Grigoriadis N, Hartung H, Magyari M, Popescu V, Pozzilli C, Pugliatti M, Van Wijmeersch B, Zakaria M, Oreja-Guevara C. The role of microglia in multiple sclerosis: implications for treatment with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Frontiers In Immunology 2025, 16: 1495529. PMID: 40443664, PMCID: PMC12119304, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1495529.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBruton tyrosine kinase inhibitorCentral nervous systemTyrosine kinase inhibitorsBruton's tyrosine kinaseMagnetic resonance imagingPositron emission tomographyMultiple sclerosisMicroglial functionPrimary resident immune cellsTissue repairNeural homeostasisPathogenesis of MSPathophysiology of MSResident immune cellsChronic autoimmune diseaseCentral nervous system developmentInvolvement of microgliaPotential therapeutic strategyModulating microglial functionDisease progression rateImmune surveillanceImprove patient outcomesImmune cellsAutoimmune diseasesProgressive MSShared decision-making for multiple sclerosis using the MS-SUPPORT tool: a plain language summary
Col N, Solomon A, Alvarez E, Pbert L, Ionete C, Morales I, Chester J, Kutz C, Iwuchukwu C, Livingston T, Springmann V, Col H, Ngo L. Shared decision-making for multiple sclerosis using the MS-SUPPORT tool: a plain language summary. Neurodegenerative Disease Management 2025, 15: 97-106. PMID: 40329687, PMCID: PMC12118401, DOI: 10.1080/17582024.2025.2493028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchQuality of lifeMental healthDays of poor mental healthPoor mental healthMultiple sclerosisHealthcare professionalsHealthcare providersTreatment journeyPrescribed treatment planImprove communicationMS symptomsDisease-modifying therapiesTreatment planningHealthcareTreatment decisionsHealthDoctorsPlain Language SummaryCliniciansPeopleSummaryDecision-makingLanguage SummaryProvidersProfessionalsBroad rim lesions are a new pathological and imaging biomarker for rapid disease progression in multiple sclerosis
Klotz L, Smolders J, Lehto J, Matilainen M, Lütje L, Buchholz L, Albrecht S, Walter C, Varghese J, Wiendl H, Nylund M, Thomas C, Gardberg M, van den Bosch A, Airas L, Huitinga I, Kuhlmann T. Broad rim lesions are a new pathological and imaging biomarker for rapid disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Nature Medicine 2025, 31: 2016-2026. PMID: 40301560, PMCID: PMC12176629, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-03625-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisease progressionMultiple sclerosisRim lesionsLesion typeInnate immune activationCurrent multiple sclerosisPositron emission tomography studiesInflammatory cytokine productionEmission tomography studiesRelapse activityPatient selectionImmune activationIntrinsic inflammationCytokine productionRapid progressionMS progressionMS lesion typesImaging biomarkersLesionsUnfolded protein responseTranscriptional signatureDiseaseTomography studiesProtein responseCell rimDiagnostic delay and misdiagnosis of symptoms reported by patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a research registry
Solomon A, Weinstein S, Shinohara R, Aoun S, Schmidt H, Solari A. Diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis of symptoms reported by patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a research registry. Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational And Clinical 2025, 11: 20552173251333390. PMID: 40292040, PMCID: PMC12033781, DOI: 10.1177/20552173251333390.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInitial symptom of MSDiagnostic delayMisdiagnosis of symptomsMultiple sclerosisSymptoms of MSAssociated with longer diagnostic delayLong diagnostic delayDiagnostic journey of patientsMS diagnostic criteriaJourney of patientsPatient RegistryDiagnostic criteriaPreventable causeMisdiagnosisDiagnostic journeyResearch RegistrySymptomsCohort dataPatientsCriteria revisionMedianRegistrySclerosisSurvey studyParticipantsMicroglia positron emission tomography and progression in multiple sclerosis: thalamus on fire
Zeydan B, Neyal N, Son J, Schwarz C, Thomas J, Morrison H, Bush M, Reid R, Przybelski S, Fought A, Jack C, Petersen R, Kantarci K, Lowe V, Airas L, Kantarci O. Microglia positron emission tomography and progression in multiple sclerosis: thalamus on fire. Brain Communications 2025, 7: fcaf141. PMID: 40322777, PMCID: PMC12046125, DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf141.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProgressive multiple sclerosisRelapsing Multiple SclerosisPET uptakeMultiple sclerosisThalamic lesionsMicroglia densityMean diffusivityPaced Auditory Serial Addition Test scoresMultiple Sclerosis Functional Composite scoreClinical disease severityNeurite density indexBiomarkers of progressionAssociated with imaging biomarkersPositron emission tomographyGlobal disease burdenTranslocator protein PETOrientation dispersion indexDisease characteristicsPatientsEfficacy evaluationImaging biomarkersCorpus callosumEmission tomographyDisease severityThalamusGenerics, Biosimilars and Follow‐On Non‐Biologic Complex Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of the Regulatory and Clinical Implications for European Neurologists
Berger T, Zeitlinger M, Popescu V, Magyari M, Airas L, Alkhawajah M, Pugliatti M, Zakaria M, Pozzilli C, Drulovic J, Van Wijmeersch B, Vermersch P, Oreja‐Guevara C. Generics, Biosimilars and Follow‐On Non‐Biologic Complex Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of the Regulatory and Clinical Implications for European Neurologists. European Journal Of Neurology 2025, 32: e70140. PMID: 40231751, PMCID: PMC11998027, DOI: 10.1111/ene.70140.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisease-modifying treatmentsNon-biological complex drugsImprove patient accessLiterature searchMultiple sclerosisMS careHealthcare systemPatient accessComplex drugsPubMed literature searchSocioeconomic burdenNarrative reviewTolerability profileGlatiramer acetateClinical efficacyClinical studiesEarly onsetEuropean neurologistsClinical implicationsProgressive natureDrugSclerosisOriginal drugPeopleCareEvaluation of the relationship between brainstem lesions and apnea hypopnea index in patients with multiple sclerosis
Levit E, Cohen I, Mahajan A, Ulano A, Longbrake E, Solomon A. Evaluation of the relationship between brainstem lesions and apnea hypopnea index in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2025, 31: 802-812. PMID: 40156308, DOI: 10.1177/13524585251327875.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElevated apnea-hypopnea indexApnea-hypopnea indexObstructive sleep apneaDemyelinating brainstem lesionsClinically isolated syndromeBrainstem lesionsBody mass indexMagnetic resonance imagingMultiple sclerosisSleep study typeYears of polysomnographyAssociated with higher oddsHypopnea indexSleep apneaDemyelinating lesionsMass indexPolysomnographyLesionsResonance imagingBrainstemHigher oddsApneaStudy centersPatientsStudy typeTranscriptomic profiling after B-cell depletion reveals central and peripheral immune cell changes in multiple sclerosis
Wei J, Moon J, Yasumizu Y, Zhang L, Raddassi K, Buitrago-Pocasangre N, Deerhake M, Strauli N, Chen C, Herman A, Pedotti R, Raposo C, Yim I, Pappalardo J, Longbrake E, Sumida T, Axisa P, Hafler D. Transcriptomic profiling after B-cell depletion reveals central and peripheral immune cell changes in multiple sclerosis. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2025, 135: e182790. PMID: 40067358, PMCID: PMC12126227, DOI: 10.1172/jci182790.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsB-cell depletionImmune landscapeMultiple sclerosisAnti-CD20-mediated B-cell depletionPeripheral CD4+ T cell populationsEffect of B cell depletionB cell depletion treatmentCD4+ T cell populationB cell depletion therapyCerebrospinal fluidCD4+ T cellsTreatment of early diseaseCD16+ monocytesImmune cell changesImmune cell subsetsT cell populationsPeripheral blood monocytesFlow cytometry-based methodTNF-a mRNACell type-specific changesCell subsetsT cellsImmunological changesAutoimmune activityB cellsMigration arrest and transendothelial trafficking of human pathogenic-like Th17 cells are mediated by differentially positioned chemokines
Parween F, Singh S, Kathuria N, Zhang H, Ashida S, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Shamsaddini A, Gardina P, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Lorenzi H, Riley D, Myers T, Pittaluga S, Bielekova B, Farber J. Migration arrest and transendothelial trafficking of human pathogenic-like Th17 cells are mediated by differentially positioned chemokines. Nature Communications 2025, 16: 1978. PMID: 40000641, PMCID: PMC11861662, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57002-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndothelial cellsTransendothelial migrationCCR2 ligandsFunction of CCR6Migration arrestChemokine receptor CCR6T cell receptor activationCerebrospinal fluid of patientsActivation-associated genesFluid of patientsActivated endothelial cellsEC surfaceTh17 signatureReceptor CCR6Th17 cellsT cellsChemokine receptorsCell extravasationInflammatory cytokinesReceptor activationCerebrospinal fluidCCR6ChemokinesMultiple sclerosisEnhanced expressionMultiple sclerosis diagnosis and its differential diagnosis in patients presenting with type four ‘mirror pattern’ CSF oligoclonal bands
Marastoni D, Sicchieri M, Pizzini F, Scartezzini A, Virla F, Turano E, Anni D, Bertolazzo M, Ziccardi S, Camera V, Tamanti A, Marini M, Lippi G, Bonetti B, Solomon A, Calabrese M. Multiple sclerosis diagnosis and its differential diagnosis in patients presenting with type four ‘mirror pattern’ CSF oligoclonal bands. Journal Of Neurology 2025, 272: 207. PMID: 39954124, PMCID: PMC11829897, DOI: 10.1007/s00415-025-12947-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemCSF oligoclonal bandsOligoclonal bandsDiagnosis of MSAlternative diagnosesCerebrospinal fluidDemyelinating eventCentral nervous system demyelinating eventMultiple sclerosisInitial central nervous systemOligoclonal banding patternsRadiological follow-upDiagnostic work-upFrequent alternative diagnosesGroup of patientsMethodsSeventy-six patientsCentral nervous system disordersConclusionThe diagnosisMultiple sclerosis diagnosisClinical attacksMRI lesionsParaclinical examinationsDifferential diagnosisFollow-upWork-upAlemtuzumab and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Analysis of an international surveillance database and systematic literature review
Jacobs J, Binns T, Schlafer D, Woo J, Booth G, Adkins B. Alemtuzumab and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Analysis of an international surveillance database and systematic literature review. Transfusion And Apheresis Science 2025, 64: 104081. PMID: 39883995, DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2025.104081.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraSecondary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraFood and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting SystemAssociated with alemtuzumabThrombocytopenic purpuraMultiple sclerosisReport of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraImmune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraCongenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraHematopoietic stem cell transplantationFAERS databaseAnd Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting SystemStem cell transplantationUnited States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting SystemAdverse Event Reporting SystemADAMTS13 deficiencyAlemtuzumab administrationCell transplantationADAMTS13 geneEvent Reporting SystemPatient demographicsAlemtuzumabCase reportTherapy indicationsCross-sectional analysisMcDonald criteria application by German neurologists suggests a need for further training
Heinemann J, Yankov D, Solomon A, Rauer S, Wiendl H, Dersch R. McDonald criteria application by German neurologists suggests a need for further training. Multiple Sclerosis And Related Disorders 2025, 94: 106304. PMID: 39884115, DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2025.106304.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchReliability of Central Vein Sign Imaging With 3T FLAIR* in a Multicenter Study
Martin M, Cao Q, Luskin E, Renner B, Daboul L, O'Donnell C, Rodrigues P, Derbyshire J, Azevedo C, Bar‐Or A, Caverzasi E, Calabresi P, Cree B, Freeman L, Henry R, Longbrake E, Oh J, Papinutto N, Pelletier D, Prchkovska V, Ramos M, Samudralwar R, Schindler M, Sotirchos E, Sicotte N, Solomon A, Reich D, Ontaneda D, Shinohara R, Sati P. Reliability of Central Vein Sign Imaging With 3T FLAIR* in a Multicenter Study. Journal Of Neuroimaging 2025, 35: e70011. PMID: 39838609, DOI: 10.1111/jon.70011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral vein signMulticenter studyMultiple sclerosisT2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recoveryClinical settingMRI vendorsFluid-attenuated inversion recoveryDiagnosis of MSPost-GdContrast-to-noise ratioGd-based contrast agentsNo significant differenceT2*-weightedImaging sitesDiagnostic imaging biomarkersImaging biomarkersInversion recoverySignificant differenceMRIFLAIRContrast agentsAlterations in Gut Microbiome-Host Relationships After Immune Perturbation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Gupta V, Janda G, Pump H, Lele N, Cruz I, Cohen I, Ruff W, Hafler D, Sung J, Longbrake E. Alterations in Gut Microbiome-Host Relationships After Immune Perturbation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2025, 12: e200355. PMID: 39819054, PMCID: PMC11741292, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200355.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmplicon sequence variantsIgA-coatedGut microbiomeBacterial fractionRRNA gene amplicon sequencingLong-read sequencingGut microbial symbiontsGene amplicon sequencingMultiple sclerosisStool samplesProportion of bacteriaB cellsHost-microbial interfaceAnti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatmentDiagnosing MSMicrobial symbiontsIgA-secreting B cellsTaxonomic resolutionSequence variantsAmplicon sequencingB-cell depletionFecal microbiotaMonths of treatmentMonoclonal antibody treatmentDevelopment of autoimmunityA Real-World Prospective Multiple Sclerosis Pregnancy Registry in the United States
Houtchens M, Manieri M, Mahlanza T, Pol-Patil J, Klawiter E, Solomon A, Lathi E, Katz J, Ionete C, Morales I, Severson C, Zurawski J, Stankiewicz J, Cabot A, Sadovnick A. A Real-World Prospective Multiple Sclerosis Pregnancy Registry in the United States. Neurology Clinical Practice 2025, 15: e200425. PMID: 39810912, PMCID: PMC11727603, DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200425.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDisease-modifying therapiesHigh-risk pregnanciesPregnancy RegistryPregnancy outcomesMultiple sclerosisConception attemptsTreated with disease-modifying therapiesBaseline Expanded Disability Status ScaleAdverse pregnancy outcomesClinical disease activityCourse of MSExpanded Disability Status ScaleLonger-term developmental outcomesYears of postpartumReproductive-age womenAssisted Reproductive TechnologyDisability Status ScalePeripartum complicationsTime of conceptionObstetric complicationsPostpartum exacerbationPostpartum relapseIntrapartum periodDisease activityProportion of participantsIntegrating TSPO-PET imaging with metabolomics for enhanced prognostic accuracy in multiple sclerosis
Radford-Smith D, Yates A, Kacerova T, Nylund M, Sucksdorff M, Matilainen M, Willemse E, Oechtering J, Maceski A, Leppert D, Kuhle J, Probert F, Anthony D, Airas L. Integrating TSPO-PET imaging with metabolomics for enhanced prognostic accuracy in multiple sclerosis. BMJ Neurology Open 2025, 7: e001026. PMID: 40248672, PMCID: PMC12004482, DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2025-001026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSecondary progressive MSDisease progressionPET imagingMultiple sclerosisNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomicsTSPO PET imagingTSPO-PETTSPO imagingMRI-visible lesionsNormal-appearing white matterPrediction of disease progressionPredicting disease progressionClinical trial stratificationSerum metabolite analysisTSPO availabilitySerum metabolomeNMR analysisPrognostic accuracyC-PK11195Progressive MSRelapsing-remittingTreatment strategiesIndependent cohortMetabolites glutamateMS patientsTumefactive and longitudinally extensive myelitis: A rare presentation of multiple sclerosis?
Morehead A, Flanagan E, Solomon A. Tumefactive and longitudinally extensive myelitis: A rare presentation of multiple sclerosis? Neuroimmunology Reports 2025, 7: 100257. DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100257.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSpinal cord demyelinationMultiple sclerosisCervical spinal cord lesionLongitudinally extensive myelitisPresentation of multiple sclerosisTumefactive demyelinating lesionsRare presentation of multiple sclerosisTherapeutic decision-makingRelapsing-remitting MSSpinal cord lesionsRare presentationClinical courseCord lesionsPrognostic challengesLongitudinal followDemyelinationLesionsSclerosisUnmet needsRelapseMyelitisPatientsFollow
2024
Bioinformatics analysis of myelin-microbe interactions suggests multiple types of molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Bigdeli A, Ghaderi-Zefrehei M, Lesch B, Behmanesh M, Arab S. Bioinformatics analysis of myelin-microbe interactions suggests multiple types of molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. PLOS ONE 2024, 19: e0308817. PMID: 39775333, PMCID: PMC11684644, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308817.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBile salt hydrolaseMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinBioinformatics approachProtein structureMyelin basic proteinIn silico bioinformatics approachesAmino acidsIdentical amino acidsAmino acid sequenceCapsid protein structureCentral nervous systemAspergillus speciesAcid sequenceBacterial proteinsMultiple sclerosisMyelin sheath componentsBiological insightsGut flora metabolitesBioinformatics analysisMOG proteinPathogenesis of multiple sclerosisCNS diseaseWzyBacteriaProteinTrigeminal neuralgia within the disease course of MS: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications from a multicenter cohort
Laakso S, Oh J, Raufdeen F, Jones A, Reiskanen H, Feb K, Levit E, Solomon A. Trigeminal neuralgia within the disease course of MS: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications from a multicenter cohort. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2024, 31: 607-611. PMID: 39727322, DOI: 10.1177/13524585241309257.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTrigeminal neuralgiaClinical relapseMultiple sclerosisActive diseaseEvidence of active diseaseDisease course of MSAssociated with multiple sclerosisCourse of MSDemyelination symptomsMulticenter cohortDisease courseTherapeutic decisionsTherapeutic implicationsMS diagnosisNeuralgiaRelapseDiseaseOnsetSclerosis
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