2023
Efficacy of a web-based healthcare innovation to advance the quality of life and care of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ACQUIRE-ICD): a randomized controlled trial
Skov O, Johansen J, Nielsen J, Larroudé C, Riahi S, Melchior T, Vinther M, Skovbakke S, Rottmann N, Wiil U, Brandt C, Smolderen K, Spertus J, Pedersen S. Efficacy of a web-based healthcare innovation to advance the quality of life and care of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ACQUIRE-ICD): a randomized controlled trial. EP Europace 2023, 25: euad253. PMID: 38055845, PMCID: PMC10700011, DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnxietyDefibrillators, ImplantableDelivery of Health CareHumansInternetQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsWeb-based interventionUsual careDevice acceptanceFlorida Patient Acceptance SurveySymptoms of anxietyCare of patientsSymptoms of depressionQuality of lifeImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorImplantable cardioverter defibrillator patientsRandomized controlled trialsFirst-time ICD recipientsOnline patient forumsRemote device monitoringImplant centresPsychological interventionsHealthcare innovationAcceptability surveyStandard interventionGoal settingAnxiety symptomsPatient forumsCareInterventionNon-blinded
2022
One-Year Health Status Outcomes Following Early Invasive and Noninvasive Treatment in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease
Angraal S, Hejjaji V, Tang Y, Gosch KL, Patel MR, Heyligers J, White CJ, Nolthenius R, Mena-Hurtado C, Aronow HD, Moneta GL, Fitridge R, Soukas PA, Abbott JD, Secemsky EA, Spertus JA, Smolderen KG. One-Year Health Status Outcomes Following Early Invasive and Noninvasive Treatment in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2022, 15: e011506. PMID: 35579010, PMCID: PMC11299756, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.121.011506.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth status outcomesPropensity-matched sampleEarly invasiveHealth statusEarly revascularizationStatus outcomesSymptomatic peripheral artery diseaseDisease-specific health statusNoninvasive management strategiesPeripheral Artery QuestionnaireTreatment-resistant symptomsEarly invasive managementPeripheral artery diseaseBaseline health statusEarly invasive treatmentHealth status trajectoriesHealth status improvementReal-world evidencePORTRAIT registryArtery diseaseInvasive managementNoninvasive managementPatient preferencesInvasive treatmentLifestyle changesAssociation of Disease‐Specific Health Status With Long‐Term Survival in Peripheral Artery Disease
Tran AT, Spertus JA, Mena‐Hurtado C, Jones PG, Aronow HD, Safley DM, Malik AO, Peri‐Okonny P, Shishehbor MH, Labrosciano C, Smolderen KG. Association of Disease‐Specific Health Status With Long‐Term Survival in Peripheral Artery Disease. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2022, 11: e022232. PMID: 35132874, PMCID: PMC9245831, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022232.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral artery diseasePAD-specific health statusHealth statusPAD symptomsArtery diseaseHierarchical Cox regression modelsDisease-specific health statusLong-term mortality riskTime of diagnosisCox regression modelLong-term survivalPORTRAIT registryCardiovascular morbidityCause mortalityResults PatientsKaplan-MeierMortality riskUnadjusted modelsSummary scoresUS sitesPatientsMortalityBaselineSymptomsDisease
2021
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Symptomatic, Non–Limb-Threatening Peripheral Artery Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review
Rymer JA, Narcisse D, Cosiano M, Tanaka J, McDermott MM, Treat-Jacobson DJ, Conte MS, Tuttle B, Patel MR, Smolderen KG. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Symptomatic, Non–Limb-Threatening Peripheral Artery Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2021, 15: e011320. PMID: 34937395, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.121.011320.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsHumansPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresPeripheral Arterial DiseaseQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsTreatment OutcomeConceptsPatient-reported outcome measuresPeripheral artery diseaseDisease-specific patient-reported outcome measureSymptomatic peripheral artery diseaseArtery diseaseOutcome measuresSelection of PROMsDisease-specific Peripheral Artery QuestionnairePeripheral Artery QuestionnaireLimb-threatening ischemiaValidation of PROMsVascular QualityImpairment QuestionnaireSF-36Life QuestionnaireInclusion criteriaCurrent evidenceEffects of diseaseHealth outcomesEuropean QualityClinical goalsLiterature searchPatientsDiseasePsychometric validationPatient representativeness of a peripheral artery disease cohort in a randomized control trial versus a real-world cohort: The CLEVER trial versus the PORTRAIT registry
Scierka LE, Jelani QU, Smolderen KG, Gosch K, Spertus JA, Mena-Hurtado C, Jones P, Dreyer RP. Patient representativeness of a peripheral artery disease cohort in a randomized control trial versus a real-world cohort: The CLEVER trial versus the PORTRAIT registry. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021, 112: 106624. PMID: 34793986, DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106624.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnkle Brachial IndexFemaleHealth StatusHumansMalePeripheral Arterial DiseaseQuality of LifeRegistriesConceptsOptimal medical therapyPeripheral artery diseasePatient characteristicsBaseline patient characteristicsPAD cohortPAD populationPORTRAIT registryExercise therapyPAD patientsPAD symptomsArtery diseaseFinal cohortMedical therapyProspective studyBurdensome diseaseControl trialHealth statusPatientsTherapyCohortCLEVER studyDiseaseMulticenterRevascularizationRCTsAssociation of sleep apnea with outcomes in peripheral artery disease: Insights from the PORTRAIT study
Jelani QU, Mena-Hurtado C, Gosch K, Mohammed M, Labrosciano C, Regan C, Scierka LE, Spertus JA, Nagpal S, Smolderen KG. Association of sleep apnea with outcomes in peripheral artery disease: Insights from the PORTRAIT study. PLOS ONE 2021, 16: e0256933. PMID: 34506511, PMCID: PMC8432750, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256933.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral artery diseasePeripheral Artery QuestionnaireSleep apneaHealth statusArtery diseaseSummary scoresDisease-specific Peripheral Artery QuestionnaireFive-year survival curvesHigh ankle-brachial indexPAQ summary scoreVascular specialty clinicsAnkle-brachial indexLog-rank testSleep apnea statusHealth status outcomesWorse health statusQuality of lifeBetter health statusCause mortalityMultivariable adjustmentPAD symptomsCoronary diseasePeripheral interventionsUS patientsMean ageEstablishing Thresholds for Minimal Clinically Important Differences for the Peripheral Artery Disease Questionnaire
Peri-Okonny PA, Wang J, Gosch KL, Patel MR, Shishehbor MH, Safley DL, Abbott JD, Aronow HD, Mena-Hurtado C, Jelani QU, Tang Y, Bunte M, Labrosciano C, Beltrame JF, Spertus JA, Smolderen KG. Establishing Thresholds for Minimal Clinically Important Differences for the Peripheral Artery Disease Questionnaire. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2021, 14: e007232. PMID: 33947205, PMCID: PMC8254614, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.007232.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPAQ summary scorePeripheral Artery QuestionnaireGlobal assessmentPatient's perspectiveSummary scoresDisease-specific health status instrumentHealth status assessment toolMinimal Clinically Important DifferencePAQ scoresPatient-reported outcomesRoutine clinical careHealth status instrumentsClinically Important DifferenceMultivariable linear regressionPORTRAIT registryDisease QuestionnaireMultivariable adjustmentVascular clinicMean ageUS cohortClinical trialsClinical careMCIDMCID estimatesMean differenceTreatment decisions for patients with peripheral artery disease and symptoms of claudication: Development process and alpha testing of the SHOW-ME PAD decision aid
Smolderen KG, Pacheco C, Provance J, Stone N, Fuss C, Decker C, Bunte M, Jelani QU, Safley DM, Secemsky E, Sepucha KR, Spatz ES, Mena-Hurtado C, Spertus JA. Treatment decisions for patients with peripheral artery disease and symptoms of claudication: Development process and alpha testing of the SHOW-ME PAD decision aid. Vascular Medicine 2021, 26: 273-280. PMID: 33627058, PMCID: PMC8169642, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x20988780.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDecision Support TechniquesHumansIntermittent ClaudicationPeripheral Arterial DiseaseQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsPeripheral artery diseaseArtery diseaseTreatment optionsSymptoms of claudicationInvasive treatment optionNon-invasive treatmentQuality of lifeClaudication symptomsClaudication treatmentPatient knowledgeSpecialty careTreatment decisionsDecision aidPatientsCliniciansDecisional needsInternational Patient Decision Aid Standards criteriaStandard criteriaPrototype decision aidImplementation logisticsSymptomsDecisional qualityDiseaseTreatmentClaudication
2020
Association of Diabetes Mellitus With Health Status Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the PORTRAIT Registry
Patel KK, Alturkmani H, Gosch K, Mena‐Hurtado C, Shishehbor MH, Peri‐Okonny P, Creager MA, Spertus JA, Smolderen KG. Association of Diabetes Mellitus With Health Status Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the PORTRAIT Registry. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9: e017103. PMID: 33153398, PMCID: PMC7763706, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017103.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral artery diseasePAQ summary scoreDiabetes mellitusHealth statusArtery diseaseSummary scoresEffect of DMInteraction of DMPAD-specific health statusSymptomatic peripheral artery diseaseAdverse limb eventsHealth status benefitsBaseline health statusHealth status outcomesPoor health statusHealth status gainsComorbidity burdenPAD progressionPAD severityPORTRAIT registryBackground PatientsConclusions PatientsInternational registryRecent exacerbationSpecialty clinicPhysical Activity After Treatment for Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease
Peri-Okonny PA, Patel S, Spertus JA, Jackson EA, Malik AO, Provance J, Mena-Hurtado C, Shishehbor MH, Hijjaji V, Gosch KL, Smolderen K. Physical Activity After Treatment for Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2020, 138: 107-113. PMID: 33065083, PMCID: PMC7736254, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.10.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAnkle Brachial IndexConservative TreatmentEndovascular ProceduresExerciseExercise TherapyFemaleHealth StatusHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsIntermittent ClaudicationLeisure ActivitiesLinear ModelsLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisPatient SatisfactionPeripheral Arterial DiseasePlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsQuality of LifeSedentary BehaviorSmoking CessationSocial InteractionVascular Surgical ProceduresWorkConceptsPhysical activity levelsPhysical activityInvasive treatmentSymptomatic peripheral artery diseasePeripheral artery diseaseMultivariable logistic regressionAssociation of treatmentActivity levelsMultivariable linear regressionHealth status changesHealth status gainsPAD outcomesArtery diseaseVascular clinicInvasive groupNoninvasive treatmentHealth statusLogistic regressionActivity statusLTPAClaudicationTreatmentPatientsStatus changesAssociationAssociation of Health Status Scores With Cardiovascular and Limb Outcomes in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease) Trial
Rymer JA, Mulder H, Smolderen KG, Hiatt WR, Conte MS, Berger JS, Norgren L, Mahaffey KW, Baumgartner I, Fowkes FG, Katona BG, Rockhold F, Jones WS, Patel MR. Association of Health Status Scores With Cardiovascular and Limb Outcomes in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease) Trial. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9: e016573. PMID: 32924754, PMCID: PMC7792388, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016573.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCardiovascular DiseasesDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHealth Status IndicatorsHumansLower ExtremityMaleMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CarePeripheral Arterial DiseasePlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesSymptom AssessmentTicagrelorVascular Surgical ProceduresVisual Analog ScaleConceptsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsMajor adverse limb eventsAdverse cardiovascular eventsAdverse limb eventsLower extremity revascularizationPeripheral artery diseaseCardiovascular eventsHealth status instrumentsLimb eventsEUCLID trialVAS scoresArtery diseaseEQ-5DQuestionnaire scoresSubsequent major adverse cardiovascular eventsLow ankle-brachial indexSymptomatic peripheral artery diseaseLower extremity revascularization proceduresBaseline EQ-5DAnkle-brachial indexHealth status scoresEQ-5D scoresHealth status measurementHealth status changesSubsequent end pointsRelationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Health Status in Peripheral Artery Disease: Role of Sex Differences
Jelani Q, Mena‐Hurtado C, Burg M, Soufer R, Gosch K, Jones PG, Spertus JA, Safdar B, Smolderen KG. Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Health Status in Peripheral Artery Disease: Role of Sex Differences. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9: e014583. PMID: 32781883, PMCID: PMC7660812, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014583.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral artery diseaseDepressive symptomsHealth statusArtery diseaseEQ-5D visual analog scale scoresEQ-5D visual analog scaleVisual analog scale scoreGeneric health statusPeripheral Artery QuestionnaireVascular specialty clinicsAnalog scale scoreHealth status scoresPatient Health QuestionnaireSevere depressive symptomsVisual analog scaleHealth status outcomesWorse health statusAdjusted general linear modelSex differencesPORTRAIT registryPAD diagnosisPAD symptomsAnalog scaleConclusions WomenMean agePatient profiles and health status outcomes for peripheral artery disease in high-income countries: a comparison between the USA and The Netherlands
Jelani QU, Smolderen KG, Halpin D, Gosch K, Spertus JA, Chaar C, Nolthenius R, Heyligers J, De Vries JP, Mena-Hurtado C. Patient profiles and health status outcomes for peripheral artery disease in high-income countries: a comparison between the USA and The Netherlands. European Heart Journal - Quality Of Care And Clinical Outcomes 2020, 7: 505-512. PMID: 32539108, DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa052.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDeveloped CountriesHealth StatusHumansNetherlandsPeripheral Arterial DiseaseProspective StudiesQuality of LifeConceptsPeripheral artery diseaseHealth status scoresHealth status outcomesStatus scoreStatus outcomesArtery diseaseUS patientsHigh-income countriesPatient profilesCardiovascular risk factor burdenPAD-specific health statusPeripheral Artery QuestionnaireRisk factor burdenVascular specialty clinicsPeripheral arterial diseasePatient-centered outcomesLow referral ratesMore financial barriersPAD carePAD outcomesNew onsetPAD symptomsArterial diseaseExercise treatmentReferral ratesCilostazol and peripheral artery disease-specific health status in ambulatory patients with symptomatic PAD
Mohammed M, Gosch K, Safley D, Jelani QU, Aronow HD, Mena C, Shishehbor MH, Spertus JA, Abbott JD, Smolderen KG. Cilostazol and peripheral artery disease-specific health status in ambulatory patients with symptomatic PAD. International Journal Of Cardiology 2020, 316: 222-228. PMID: 32464249, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.042.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral Artery QuestionnaireHealth statusDisease-specific health statusPatient-reported health statusHeart failure historyNon-cilostazol groupUse of cilostazolPAQ scoresImprovement of symptomsSubsequent health statusQuality of lifeCilostazol therapyCilostazol useSymptomatic PADPatient characteristicsPharmacological optionsAmbulatory patientsLimitation scoresMean ageFunctional statusUS cohortTreatment goalsSummary scoresCilostazolPatientsLevel of disease and association with health status in patients presenting with claudication from the PORTRAIT registry
Vogel TR, Braet DJ, Kruse RL, Bath J, Wang J, Gosch K, Smolderen KG. Level of disease and association with health status in patients presenting with claudication from the PORTRAIT registry. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2020, 72: 2017-2026. PMID: 32325227, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.03.042.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedFemaleFunctional StatusHealth Status IndicatorsHumansIntermittent ClaudicationMaleMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionPeripheral Arterial DiseasePredictive Value of TestsQuality of LifeRegistriesRetrospective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsPeripheral artery diseasePAQ summary scorePeripheral Artery QuestionnaireQuality of lifeAnkle-brachial indexMultilevel diseaseAortoiliac diseaseHealth statusAnatomic levelSummary scoresMedical managementHigh ankle-brachial indexFemoral-popliteal diseaseTreatment of aortoiliacChronic kidney diseaseHistory of diabetesPAQ scoresPeripheral arterial diseaseOverall health statusSimilar health statusHealth status informationStudent's t-testLevel of diseaseRepeated-measures analysisInfrapopliteal disease
2019
Financial barriers in accessing medical care for peripheral artery disease are associated with delay of presentation and adverse health status outcomes in the United States
Jelani QU, Jhamnani S, Spatz ES, Spertus J, Smolderen KG, Wang J, Desai NR, Jones P, Gosch K, Shah S, Attaran R, Mena-Hurtado C. Financial barriers in accessing medical care for peripheral artery disease are associated with delay of presentation and adverse health status outcomes in the United States. Vascular Medicine 2019, 25: 13-24. PMID: 31603393, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x19872542.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedFemaleHealth Care CostsHealth Services AccessibilityHealth Status DisparitiesHealthcare DisparitiesHumansInsurance, HealthMaleMedically UninsuredMiddle AgedPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresPeripheral Arterial DiseaseProspective StudiesQuality of LifeRisk FactorsTime FactorsTime-to-TreatmentUnited StatesConceptsPeripheral artery diseasePeripheral Artery QuestionnaireHealth status outcomesHealth statusArtery diseaseStatus outcomesFinancial barriersGeneral health-related qualityDisease-specific health statusPatient-reported health statusDelay of presentationPatient-reported difficultyVascular specialty clinicsPeripheral arterial diseaseEuroQol-5 DimensionsHealth-related qualityPoor health statusUnited States patientsMulticenter registryMultivariable adjustmentPAD symptomsArterial diseaseTreatment patternsUS patientsLate presentationAnkle-brachial index in patients with intermittent claudication is a poor indicator of patient-centered and clinician-based evaluations of functional status
Johnston AL, Vemulapalli S, Gosch KL, Aronow HD, Abbott JD, Patel MR, Smolderen KG, Shishebor M, Spertus JA, Jones WS. Ankle-brachial index in patients with intermittent claudication is a poor indicator of patient-centered and clinician-based evaluations of functional status. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2019, 69: 906-912. PMID: 30626552, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.07.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAnkle Brachial IndexAustraliaCost of IllnessFemaleHealth StatusHemodynamicsHumansIntermittent ClaudicationMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresPeripheral Arterial DiseasePredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesQuality of LifeRegistriesSeverity of Illness IndexUnited StatesConceptsAnkle-brachial indexPeripheral artery diseasePeripheral Artery QuestionnaireIntermittent claudicationRutherford classificationABI valuesPAQ scoresArtery diseaseImpact of PADHealth statusMean ankle-brachial indexPAD-specific health statusSevere peripheral artery diseasePAQ summary scoreStudy of patientsQuality of lifeHealth status assessmentRutherford classNew onsetPatient's symptomsHemodynamic assessmentLife scoresFunctional statusPatients' perceptionsInternational cohort
2018
Associations of exercise ankle–brachial index, pain-free walking distance and maximum walking distance with the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire: Finding from the PORTRAIT PAD Registry
Hammad TA, Smolderen KG, Spertus JA, Jones PG, Shishehbor MH. Associations of exercise ankle–brachial index, pain-free walking distance and maximum walking distance with the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire: Finding from the PORTRAIT PAD Registry. Vascular Medicine 2018, 24: 32-40. PMID: 29992849, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x18785026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPain-free walking distancePeripheral artery diseaseMaximum walking distancePeripheral Artery QuestionnairePhysical limitation scoreWalking distancePatient factorsLimitation scoresImpact of PADAnkle-brachial index (ABI) testExercise ankle-brachial indexOnset of claudicationPost-exercise ABIAnkle-brachial indexQuality of lifeHierarchical logistic regression modelsLogistic regression modelsPORTRAIT registryArtery diseasePatient's symptomsPatient functioningABI testingSummary scoresHealth statusSymptomsEffectiveness of a comprehensive interactive eHealth intervention on patient-reported and clinical outcomes in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator [ACQUIRE-ICD trial]: study protocol of a national Danish randomised controlled trial
Pedersen SS, Skovbakke SJ, Wiil UK, Schmidt T, dePont Christensen R, Brandt CJ, Sørensen J, Vinther M, Larroudé CE, Melchior TM, Riahi S, Smolderen KGE, Spertus JA, Johansen JB, Nielsen JC. Effectiveness of a comprehensive interactive eHealth intervention on patient-reported and clinical outcomes in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator [ACQUIRE-ICD trial]: study protocol of a national Danish randomised controlled trial. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2018, 18: 136. PMID: 29969990, PMCID: PMC6029360, DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0872-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDefibrillators, ImplantableDenmarkElectric CountershockHealth StatusHeart FailureHumansMental HealthMulticenter Studies as TopicPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesQuality of LifeRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRemote Sensing TechnologyRisk FactorsTelemedicineTelemetryTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorQuality of lifeEHealth interventionsUsual careClinical outcomesCardioverter defibrillatorFlorida Patient Acceptance SurveyCardiac synchronization therapyFirst ICD therapyTrial registrationThe trialCare innovationsManagement of patientsPatient-reported outcomesFirst‐time implantable cardioverter defibrillatorsMonitoring of symptomsQuality of carePatient-physician interactionFirst hospitalisationICD therapyPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsMore patientsSuperiority trialDisease management approachClinical effectivenessRacial Heterogeneity in Treatment Effects in Peripheral Artery Disease
Pokharel Y, Jones PG, Graham G, Collins T, Regensteiner JG, Murphy TP, Cohen D, Spertus JA, Smolderen K. Racial Heterogeneity in Treatment Effects in Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2018, 11: e004157. PMID: 29643064, PMCID: PMC5901766, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.004157.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack or African AmericanCanadaEndovascular ProceduresExercise TherapyExercise ToleranceFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansIntermittent ClaudicationMaleMiddle AgedPeripheral Arterial DiseaseQuality of LifeRecovery of FunctionSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesWalk TestWhite People