Combination delivery of TGF-β inhibitor and IL-2 by nanoscale liposomal polymeric gels enhances tumour immunotherapy
Park J, Wrzesinski SH, Stern E, Look M, Criscione J, Ragheb R, Jay SM, Demento SL, Agawu A, Licona Limon P, Ferrandino AF, Gonzalez D, Habermann A, Flavell RA, Fahmy TM. Combination delivery of TGF-β inhibitor and IL-2 by nanoscale liposomal polymeric gels enhances tumour immunotherapy. Nature Materials 2012, 11: 895-905. PMID: 22797827, PMCID: PMC3601683, DOI: 10.1038/nmat3355.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInterleukin-2TGF-β inhibitorTumor microenvironmentImmune responseLocal tumor immune responseMultiple immunologic mechanismsT cell infiltrationNatural killer cellsTumor immune responseAdaptive immune responsesTumor-bearing miceImmunotherapy resultsConventional immunotherapyImmunologic mechanismsKiller cellsTumor immunotherapyMetastatic melanomaConventional cytokinesProtein cytokinesHigh dosesTumor growthGrowth factorMolecular inhibitorsCombination deliveryImmunotherapy