2025
School-Based Interventions for Dyslexic Readers During Elementary Grades Do Not Improve Reading as Adults
Ferrer E, Toste J, Shaywitz B, Holahan J, Shaywitz S. School-Based Interventions for Dyslexic Readers During Elementary Grades Do Not Improve Reading as Adults. Journal Of Pediatric Neuropsychology 2025 DOI: 10.1037/jpn0000011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSchool-based interventionsDyslexic readersConnecticut Longitudinal StudyElementary gradesPrimary gradesReading outcomesReading comprehensionReading difficultiesSchool settingsDyslexia interventionDyslexiaSchoolStudentsComprehensive interventionEvidence-based interventionsLongitudinal studyGradeStudy sampleReadersElementaryAged 5Empirical supportInterventionReadingComprehension
2024
Dyslexia in the twenty-first century: a commentary on the IDA definition of dyslexia
Elliott J, Grigorenko E. Dyslexia in the twenty-first century: a commentary on the IDA definition of dyslexia. Annals Of Dyslexia 2024, 74: 363-377. PMID: 38877329, PMCID: PMC11413141, DOI: 10.1007/s11881-024-00311-0.Peer-Reviewed Original Research74 Dyslexia
Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B. 74 Dyslexia. 2024, 681-683.e1. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-10944-7.00074-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDyslexic individualsFunctional brain imaging studiesProvision of extra timeBrain imaging studiesSounds of spoken languageDyslexic readersOccipitotemporal regionsNeural signaturesEvidence-based interventionsSchool-age populationNeural systemsDyslexiaScreening instrumentEffective evidence-based interventionsAchievement gapSpecialized instructionExplanatory meansEffective interventionsIndividual soundsStandardized testsImaging studiesExtra timeIndividualsInterventionInstruction
2020
Dyslexia in the 21st century.
Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz JE, Shaywitz BA. Dyslexia in the 21st century. Current Opinion In Psychiatry 2020, 34: 80-86. PMID: 33278155, DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000670.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2019
Dyslexia and Its Neurobiological Basis
Jasińska K, Landi N. Dyslexia and Its Neurobiological Basis. 2019, 625-646. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190672027.013.25.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDevelopmental dyslexiaProfile of impairmentSkilled readingSpelling abilityPoor decodingCognitive processesCognitive performanceNeurobiological evidenceDevelopmental theoryNeurobiological basisBehavior connectionsNeural systemsDyslexiaReadingTypical levelsNeuroimagingMasteryIntelligenceImpairmentMultiple factorsChildrenDisordersDecodingContextConsiderable heterogeneity
2016
Neuroimaging Perspectives on Skilled and Impaired Reading and the Bilingual Experience
Jasińska K, Frost S, Molfese P, Landi N, Mencl W, Rueckl J, Pugh K. Neuroimaging Perspectives on Skilled and Impaired Reading and the Bilingual Experience. Literacy Studies 2016, 12: 25-49. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30478-6_3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFluent readingComprehensive neurobiological modelProcessing speed impairmentBilingual experiencePhonological awarenessDevelopmental dyslexiaImpaired readingCognitive processesReading developmentNeurobiological modelsUnderlying deficitSpeed impairmentPhonological processesNeural systemsMultilingual experiencesBehavioral researchRelevant behavioral researchRecent researchReadingImpairmentDyslexiaResearchExperienceSkilledMultiple sources
2013
Disruption of Functional Networks in Dyslexia: A Whole-Brain, Data-Driven Analysis of Connectivity
Finn ES, Shen X, Holahan JM, Scheinost D, Lacadie C, Papademetris X, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Constable RT. Disruption of Functional Networks in Dyslexia: A Whole-Brain, Data-Driven Analysis of Connectivity. Biological Psychiatry 2013, 76: 397-404. PMID: 24124929, PMCID: PMC3984371, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFunctional connectivity analysisVisual word form areaConnectivity analysisWord form areaNon-impaired readersFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataInferior frontal gyrusWhole-brain functional connectivity analysisAnterior language regionsVisual association areasWhole-brain connectivityAdult readersNeural basisImportance of synchronyFrontal gyrusSuccessful readingVisual stimuliLanguage regionsAttention areasBrain networksDiverse brain regionsMagnetic resonance imaging dataVisual informationDyslexiaVisual properties
2012
DCDC2 genetic variants and susceptibility to developmental dyslexia
Marino C, Meng H, Mascheretti S, Rusconi M, Cope N, Giorda R, Molteni M, Gruen JR. DCDC2 genetic variants and susceptibility to developmental dyslexia. Psychiatric Genetics 2012, 22: 25-30. PMID: 21881542, PMCID: PMC3232293, DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32834acdb2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDevelopmental dyslexiaQuantitative transmission disequilibrium test analysesNonword readingNonword spellingOrthographic choiceMarker-trait associationsQuantitative trait lociDyslexiaMemory impairmentRelated readingsTrait lociQuantitative traitsQuantitative transmission disequilibrium testTransmission disequilibrium test analysisPhenotypic complexityAssociation evidenceGenetic linkageMemoryAssociation analysisDCDC2WordsGenetic variantsTransmission disequilibrium testReadingPerformance tests
2008
Paying attention to reading: The neurobiology of reading and dyslexia
Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Paying attention to reading: The neurobiology of reading and dyslexia. Development And Psychopathology 2008, 20: 1329-1349. PMID: 18838044, DOI: 10.1017/s0954579408000631.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttentional mechanismsCognitive processesAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderNeurobiology of readingNeurobiology of dyslexiaFunctional magnetic resonance imagingTreatment of dyslexiaDisorders of attentionFunctional brain imagingPhonological codesDyslexic readersNeural signaturesHyperactivity disorderDyslexiaDyslexic studentsNeural systemsPotential adjunct treatmentBrain imagingEffective interventionsCompeting viewCausal roleNeurochemical mechanismsAutomatic readerNeurobiologyReadingThe Education of Dyslexic Children from Childhood to Young Adulthood
Shaywitz SE, Morris R, Shaywitz BA. The Education of Dyslexic Children from Childhood to Young Adulthood. Annual Review Of Psychology 2008, 59: 451-475. PMID: 18154503, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093633.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWord-level readingUnderstanding of dyslexiaRecent neurobiological evidenceDevelopment of dyslexiaCognitive modelDyslexic childrenNeurobiological evidenceNeurobiological influencesDevelopmental courseDyslexiaDyslexic studentsLearning DisabilitiesPhonological theoryYoung adulthoodEarly gradesOlder studentsIntervention studiesInterventionEvidence-based approachReadingSuch accommodationFluencyCore conceptsStudentsComprehension
2005
Functional Brain Imaging Studies of Skilled Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
Price C, McCrory E. Functional Brain Imaging Studies of Skilled Reading and Developmental Dyslexia. 2005, 473-496. DOI: 10.1002/9780470757642.ch25.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2004
More than words: a common neural basis for reading and naming deficits in developmental dyslexia?
McCrory E, Mechelli A, Frith U, Price C. More than words: a common neural basis for reading and naming deficits in developmental dyslexia? Brain 2004, 128: 261-267. PMID: 15574467, DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh340.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWord readingDevelopmental dyslexiaHigh-level baseline conditionsMeasures of readingCommon neural basisCommon neurological basisIntact behavioral performancePictures of objectsLeft occipitotemporal areaDyslexic participantsNeural basisPicture namingOccipitotemporal areasArticulatory processesBehavioral performanceSubtle impairmentsGeneral abilityGeneral impairmentNeurological basisVisual informationCommon neurological impairmentDyslexiaLine drawingsReduced activationDeficits
2001
The neurobiology of dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Mencl W, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fletcher J, Lyon G, Gore J. The neurobiology of dyslexia. Clinical Neuroscience Research 2001, 1: 291-299. DOI: 10.1016/s1566-2772(01)00015-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPhonological processingNeural systemsNeurobiology of dyslexiaPosterior brain systemsFrontal lobe circuitsDiagnosis of dyslexiaFunctional brain imagingDevelopment of tasksSubcomponent processesCognitive modelCognitive basisReading taskBrain systemsNeural substratesDyslexiaBrain organizationParticular subcomponentLanguage systemBrain imagingSpecific hypothesesTaskAdditional suggestionsReadingProcessingAdults
2000
The Angular Gyrus in Developmental Dyslexia: Task-Specific Differences in Functional Connectivity Within Posterior Cortex
Pugh K, Mencl W, Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Fulbright R, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Marchione K, Jenner A, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Lacadie C, Gore J. The Angular Gyrus in Developmental Dyslexia: Task-Specific Differences in Functional Connectivity Within Posterior Cortex. Psychological Science 2000, 11: 51-56. PMID: 11228843, DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00214.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDevelopmental dyslexiaAngular gyrusFunctional connectivityPhonological assemblyLeft hemispherePhonological processing domainTask-specific differencesLanguage-dominant left hemispherePosterior brain regionsTemporal lobe sitesDyslexic readersNeurobiological anomaliesPhonological performanceExplicit demandDyslexiaBrain regionsGyrusPosterior cortexTaskCompensatory roleVaried demandsPosterior regionDyslexicsConnectivityHemisphere
1998
Psychophysical evidence for a magnocellular pathway deficit in dyslexia
Demb J, Boynton G, Best M, Heeger D. Psychophysical evidence for a magnocellular pathway deficit in dyslexia. Vision Research 1998, 38: 1555-1559. PMID: 9747491, DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00075-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpeed discriminationPsychophysical performanceMagnocellular pathway deficitIndividual differencesPsychophysical evidenceMotion discriminationPsychophysical predictorsDyslexiaDetection taskMagnocellular pathwayPsychophysical thresholdsPathway deficitsContrast sensitivityDeficitsDiscriminationPathway integritySpeed thresholdTaskHypothesisPathway abnormalitiesPredictorsDetection thresholdPerformanceFunctional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia
Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Constable R, Mencl W, Shankweiler D, Liberman A, Skudlarski P, Fletcher J, Katz L, Marchione K, Lacadie C, Gatenby C, Gore J. Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 2636-2641. PMID: 9482939, PMCID: PMC19444, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2636.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain activation patternsActivation patternsDyslexic readersFunctional disruptionFunctional magnetic resonanceAlphabetic charactersRelative underactivationPhonologic awarenessNeural signaturesPhonologic analysisSpoken wordsAnterior regionImpairmentNeural systemsPosterior regionDyslexiaMagnetic resonanceWordsOveractivationBrain
1997
Brain activity in visual cortex predicts individual differences in reading performance
Demb J, Boynton G, Heeger D. Brain activity in visual cortex predicts individual differences in reading performance. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1997, 94: 13363-13366. PMID: 9371851, PMCID: PMC24314, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.24.13363.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain activityIndividual differencesSpecific visual pathwaysM pathwayCortical visual areasPrimary visual cortexFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMagnetic resonance imagingPathway abnormalitiesVisual cortexVisual pathwayResonance imagingVisual areasMagnocellular pathwayReading abilityPathway inputSignificant correlationReduced activityDyslexicsDyslexiaPathwayStrong relationshipActivityAbnormalitiesCortexNeuroanatomy of Reading and Dyslexia
Fulbright R, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Skudlarski P, Constable R, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Lacadie C, Bronen R, Marchione K, Gore J. Neuroanatomy of Reading and Dyslexia. Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics Of North America 1997, 6: 431-446. DOI: 10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30312-2.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsPhonologic processingInferior frontal gyrus regionsCore cognitive componentLexical-semantic processingWord identificationNeural signaturesCognitive componentsComponent processesDyslexiaLinguistic systemGyrus regionsFunctional MR imagingConsistent findingProcessingReadingOrthographyPhonologyTaskNeuroanatomyDeficitsChildrenAdultsDisordersBrainFindings
1996
The Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Constable R, Fletcher J, Liberman A, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Bronen R, Marchione K, Lacadie C, Gore J. The Functional Organization of Brain for Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia. The Neuroscientist 1996, 2: 245-255. DOI: 10.1177/107385849600200413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFunctional magnetic resonance imagingPhonological processingLeft inferior frontal gyrusCore cognitive componentLexical-semantic processingInferior frontal gyrusFunctional organizationPhonological tasksCognitive componentsIFG regionsReading DisabilitiesFrontal gyrusComponent processesLanguage functionBilateral activationLinguistic systemWomen's performanceDyslexiaSex differencesReadingConsistent findingCerebral localizationProcessingTaskLanguage
1992
Evidence That Dyslexia May Represent the Lower Tail of a Normal Distribution of Reading Ability
Shaywitz S, Escobar M, Shaywitz B, Fletcher J, Makuch R. Evidence That Dyslexia May Represent the Lower Tail of a Normal Distribution of Reading Ability. New England Journal Of Medicine 1992, 326: 145-150. PMID: 1727544, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199201163260301.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDiscrepancy scoresNormal reading abilityConnecticut Longitudinal StudySpecific reading problemsDiagnosis of dyslexiaReading problemsReading abilityBasis of measuresIntelligence testsReading achievementDyslexiaAbility scoresAchievement scoresAchievement testConnecticut childrenLongitudinal studyGrade 1ChildrenLongitudinal cohortScores
This site is protected by hCaptcha and its Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply