2025
The Effect of “Ice” Components in Sweet-Flavored Nicotine-Containing E-Liquids Among Young Adult E-Cigarette Users
Li W, Davis D, Wu R, Gueorguieva R, Green B, Krishnan-Sarin S. The Effect of “Ice” Components in Sweet-Flavored Nicotine-Containing E-Liquids Among Young Adult E-Cigarette Users. Experimental And Clinical Psychopharmacology 2025 PMID: 40489161, DOI: 10.1037/pha0000786.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWatermelon flavorRewarding effectsGeneral Labeled Magnitude ScaleE-cigarette usersEffects of flavorYoung adult e-cigarette usersFlavor likingHedonic scaleAdult e-cigarette usersLabeled Hedonic ScaleFlavorWatermelonDrug Effects QuestionnaireFlavor conditioningE-liquidsYoung adultsPast-month e-cigarette usersPropylene glycol/vegetable glycerinSensory effectsE-cigarettesFixed effectsNicotine e-liquidE-cigarette useLikingLaboratory sessionsAssessing Tobacco Harm Perceptions Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults: Results From a Community Informed State-Wide Survey
DeAtley T, Baker A, Denlinger-Apte R, Ogunbajo A, Martinez U, Ceballos R, Wetter D, Operario D, Kershaw T, Gamarel K, Restar A. Assessing Tobacco Harm Perceptions Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults: Results From a Community Informed State-Wide Survey. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2025, ntaf050. PMID: 40059718, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaf050.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTobacco harm perceptionsHarm perceptionsHarms of tobacco useE-cigarettesElevated symptoms of depressionTobacco-related harmGender-diverse identitiesLevels of smokingSymptoms of depressionE-cigarette useMultinomial regression modelsE-cigarette usersState-wide surveyTobacco useNonbinary adultsTrans womenTransgender adultsSexual identityTransgender individualsGender identityLow-incomeNonbinary individualsStudy participantsPersonal healthDocumented elevated levels
2023
Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use among U.S. Veterans during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Manzo L, Sarkar S, Nicholson N, Sanft T, Poghosyan H. Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use among U.S. Veterans during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Military Medicine 2023, 189: e1230-e1239. PMID: 37715685, DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad360.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCurrent tobacco smokersE-cigarette useComorbid conditionsTobacco smokersU.S. veteransNon-Hispanic Black veteransMultivariable logistic regression analysisSurvey's complex designMore comorbid conditionsNon-Hispanic white veteransFrequent mental distressHigh-risk subgroupsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemicMilitary veteransCurrent e-cigarette useCurrent e-cigarette usersLogistic regression analysisNon-Hispanic blacksTimes higher oddsSubstance use disordersDisease 2019 pandemicCOVID-19 pandemicNon-Hispanic whitesE-cigarette usersFormer smokers
2022
Dual Use of Combustible Cigarettes and E-cigarettes: a Narrative Review of Current Evidence
Coleman S, Piper M, Byron M, Bold K. Dual Use of Combustible Cigarettes and E-cigarettes: a Narrative Review of Current Evidence. Current Addiction Reports 2022, 9: 353-362. PMID: 36467719, PMCID: PMC9718538, DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00448-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchE-cigarettesDual usersNarrative reviewComplete smoking abstinenceTobacco-related harmE-cigarette cessationE-cigarette usersSmoking cessationSmoking abstinenceDual useNicotine dependenceCurrent evidencePsychiatric characteristicsConcurrent smokingCombustible cigarettesHarm perceptionsHarm reductionCigarettesToxicant exposureSmokingCessationReviewPrevalenceAbstinenceThe Modified E-Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire: Psychometric Evaluation of an Adapted Version of the Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire for Use With Adults Who Use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Morean ME, Bold KW. The Modified E-Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire: Psychometric Evaluation of an Adapted Version of the Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire for Use With Adults Who Use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2022, 24: 1396-1404. PMID: 35271732, PMCID: PMC9356680, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac062.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsModified Cigarette Evaluation QuestionnaireCigarette Evaluation QuestionnaireAversive effectsEvaluation questionnaireE-cigarettesInternal consistencyGroup differencesSmoking cessation attemptElectronic nicotine delivery systemsExclusive e-cigarette usersConcurrent validityNicotine delivery systemsE-cigarette useMulti-item subscalesE-cigarette usersPsychometric propertiesCurrent smokersCigarette smokingExploratory/confirmatory factor analysisExcellent internal consistencyCessation attemptsFour-factor structureParticipant subgroupsSubjective effectsPsychometric evaluation
2021
School-based E-cigarette cessation programs: What do youth want?
Bold K, Kong G, Cavallo D, Davis D, Jackson A, Krishnan-Sarin S. School-based E-cigarette cessation programs: What do youth want? Addictive Behaviors 2021, 125: 107167. PMID: 34753093, PMCID: PMC8629945, DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsConcentration/attentionCessation programsQualitative themesHigh school youthSchool youthIntervention developmentYouthE-cigarette usePersonal anecdotesFocus groupsCurrent e-cigarette usersRewardPerceptionDeductive approachSkillsFall 2019AbstinenceApathyInaccurate reportingThemesProgramEmbarrassmentE-cigarette usersAttentionE-cigarette use and adverse respiratory symptoms among adolescents and Young adults in the United States
Chaffee BW, Barrington-Trimis J, Liu F, Wu R, McConnell R, Krishnan-Sarin S, Leventhal AM, Kong G. E-cigarette use and adverse respiratory symptoms among adolescents and Young adults in the United States. Preventive Medicine 2021, 153: 106766. PMID: 34418439, PMCID: PMC8595821, DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106766.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsShortness of breathE-cigarette useAdverse respiratory symptomsRespiratory symptomsE-cigarette usersAsthma exacerbationsYoung adultsFrequent e-cigarette usersSymptoms of bronchitisSymptoms of asthmaCross-sectional studyDays/monthTobacco use behaviorsBronchitic symptomsRespiratory outcomesAdjusted oddsMultivariable modelingStudy populationHealth statusSymptomsE-cigarette devicesBronchitisShortnessExacerbationBreath
2020
Chemical Adducts of Reactive Flavor Aldehydes Formed in E-Cigarette Liquids Are Cytotoxic and Inhibit Mitochondrial Function in Respiratory Epithelial Cells
Jabba SV, Diaz AN, Erythropel HC, Zimmerman JB, Jordt SE. Chemical Adducts of Reactive Flavor Aldehydes Formed in E-Cigarette Liquids Are Cytotoxic and Inhibit Mitochondrial Function in Respiratory Epithelial Cells. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2020, 22: s25-s34. PMID: 33320255, PMCID: PMC8224836, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa185.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRespiratory epithelial cellsBEAS-2B cellsE-cigarette aerosolEpithelial cellsEffect of benzaldehydeE-liquidsMetabolic toxic effectsPrimary human nasal epithelial cellsHuman nasal epithelial cellsInhalation toxicity studiesElectronic nicotine delivery systemsCell metabolic assayNasal epithelial cellsMitochondrial functionAlveolar epithelial cellsE-cigarette liquidsFlavor aldehydesNicotine delivery systemsEnergy metabolic functionsE-cigarette usersEdU cell proliferationConcentration-dependent mannerSpare respiratory capacityInhibits mitochondrial functionLIVE/DEAD cell assayAssociation between preference for using alcohol beverage-named e-liquids and alcohol use among high school youth
Jackson A, Wu R, Kong G, Camenga D, Morean M, Simon P, Bold K, Haeny A, Krishnan-Sarin S. Association between preference for using alcohol beverage-named e-liquids and alcohol use among high school youth. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2020, 209: 107903. PMID: 32078976, PMCID: PMC7265357, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107903.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlcohol useE-cigarette usersPast month alcohol useE-liquid flavorsE-liquidsE-cigarettesMonth alcohol usePast monthPast-month binge drinkingPreference of alcoholAlcohol drinking statusAlcohol beveragesPast-month bingeDrinking statusMultinomial logistic regressionBinge drinkingLogistic regressionBingeAssociationAdolescent alcohol useAdolescentsMonthsLiquid flavorsConnecticut high schoolsProspective association of e‐cigarette and cigarette use with alcohol use in two waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health
Roberts W, Verplaetse T, Peltier MKR, Moore KE, Gueorguieva R, McKee SA. Prospective association of e‐cigarette and cigarette use with alcohol use in two waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health. Addiction 2020, 115: 1571-1579. PMID: 31977106, PMCID: PMC7340560, DOI: 10.1111/add.14980.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlcohol use outcomesHazardous alcohol useE-cigarette useE-cigarettesCigarette useAlcohol useUse outcomesExposure groupCigarette usersTotal drinksSocio-demographic risk factorsUnited States adult populationWave 1Non-institutionalized adultsStates adult populationHarmful alcohol consumptionNon-daily useE-cigarette usersPoorer alcohol use outcomesSocio-demographic characteristicsRisk factorsHealth SurveyHigher oddsTobacco cigarettesAlcohol abuse
2019
High school students’ use of flavored e-cigarette e-liquids for appetite control and weight loss
Morean ME, Bold KW, Kong G, Camenga D, Simon P, Jackson A, Cavallo DA, Krishnan-Sarin S. High school students’ use of flavored e-cigarette e-liquids for appetite control and weight loss. Addictive Behaviors 2019, 102: 106139. PMID: 31704428, PMCID: PMC6948184, DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106139.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsE-liquid useAppetite controlWeight-related reasonsWeight lossE-liquidsAdolescent e-cigarette usersE-cigarette initiationE-cigarette usersSubset of adolescentsSchool-based surveyNicotine exposureFlavored e-liquidsSmoking frequencyInclusion criteriaAnalytic sampleVapingNaïve individualsFrequent vapingCurrent usersAdolescentsSchool adolescentsHigh school adolescentsNon-missing dataSmokingControl
2018
Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Harmful Alcohol Consumption in the U.S. Population
Roberts W, Moore K, Peltier MR, Verplaetse TL, Oberleitner L, Hacker R, McKee SA. Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Harmful Alcohol Consumption in the U.S. Population. Alcohol Clinical And Experimental Research 2018, 42: 2385-2393. PMID: 30222189, PMCID: PMC6286236, DOI: 10.1111/acer.13889.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlcohol use disorderE-cigarette useHarmful alcohol useE-cigarette usersHarmful alcohol consumptionAlcohol use outcomesElectronic cigarette useCigarette useAlcohol useE-cigarettesUse outcomesNondaily usersUse disordersAlcohol consumptionPast-year e-cigarette useHazardous drinkingAssociated Disabilities Interview ScheduleCigarette/e-cigarette useU.S. populationRelated Conditions Wave IIIDrinking frequencyTobacco cigarette useNational Epidemiologic SurveyBinge drinking frequencyQuantity/frequencyIntersection of E-Cigarette Use and Gender on Transitions in Cigarette Smoking Status: Findings Across Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Verplaetse TL, Moore KE, Pittman BP, Roberts W, Oberleitner LM, Peltier M, Hacker R, Cosgrove KP, McKee SA. Intersection of E-Cigarette Use and Gender on Transitions in Cigarette Smoking Status: Findings Across Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2018, 21: 1423-1428. PMID: 30239953, PMCID: PMC6751514, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty187.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsE-cigarette useE-cigarette usersCigarette smoking statusE-cigarettesSmoking statusSmoking cessationCigarette smokersSmoking relapseGreater riskDaily e-cigarette usersWave 1Stratified analysisHigher oddsHealth StudyPotential riskSmokingRelapseDrug AdministrationElectronic cigarettesSmokersPopulation AssessmentPotential aidMenWomenRiskSweet taste potentiates the reinforcing effects of e-cigarettes
Kroemer NB, Veldhuizen MG, Delvy R, Patel BP, O'Malley SS, Small DM. Sweet taste potentiates the reinforcing effects of e-cigarettes. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2018, 28: 1089-1102. PMID: 30093174, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAssessing nicotine dependence in adolescent E-cigarette users: The 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Nicotine Dependence Item Bank for electronic cigarettes
Morean ME, Krishnan-Sarin S, S O'Malley S. Assessing nicotine dependence in adolescent E-cigarette users: The 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Nicotine Dependence Item Bank for electronic cigarettes. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2018, 188: 60-63. PMID: 29753155, PMCID: PMC6983293, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.029.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsE-cigarette usersNicotine dependenceRisk factorsAdolescent e-cigarette usersE-cigarette useE-cigarette use onsetPotential risk factorsDependence symptomsNicotine dependence symptomsE-liquid usePast-month cigarette smokingNicotine e-liquidPast-month e-cigarette usersInternal consistencySchool-based surveyCigarette smokingSmoking cigarettesGood internal consistencyIndependent sample t-testCigarette dependenceAdolescent e-cigarette useE-cigarettesElectronic cigarettesUse onsetPROMISThe Self-Report Habit Index: Assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, e-cigarette, and cigarette use
Morean ME, DeMartini KS, Foster D, Patock-Peckham J, Garrison KA, Corlett PR, Krystal JH, Krishan-Sarin S, O'Malley SS. The Self-Report Habit Index: Assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, e-cigarette, and cigarette use. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2018, 186: 207-214. PMID: 29609132, PMCID: PMC5912163, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPreferring more e-cigarette flavors is associated with e-cigarette use frequency among adolescents but not adults
Morean ME, Butler ER, Bold KW, Kong G, Camenga DR, Cavallo DA, Simon P, O’Malley S, Krishnan-Sarin S. Preferring more e-cigarette flavors is associated with e-cigarette use frequency among adolescents but not adults. PLOS ONE 2018, 13: e0189015. PMID: 29300749, PMCID: PMC5754053, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsE-cigarette useE-cigarette usersPast-month e-cigarette usersE-cigarette use frequencyE-cigarette flavorsE-liquidsMore daysFrequent e-cigarette useSchool-based surveyTotal numberFlavor preferencesAdult e-cigarette usersAdolescent e-cigarette useE-cigarettesUse frequencyAnalytic sampleAdultsSample of adolescentsAdolescentsGreater total numberLiquid flavorsConnecticut high schoolsAdult samplesLarge proportionDaysPsychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale
Morean M, Krishnan-Sarin S, Sussman S, Foulds J, Fishbein H, Grana R, O’Malley S. Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2018, 21: 1556-1564. PMID: 29301008, PMCID: PMC6821314, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx271.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsE-cigarette useE-cigarette dependence scalesE-cigarettesE-cigarette usersE-cigarette dependenceNicotine dependenceCigarette smoking statusCurrent cigarette smoking statusDaily e-cigarette usersDependence ScaleExclusive e-cigarette usersConvergent validityLiquid nicotine contentSmoking statusCigarette smokersQuit attemptsLeast weeklyNicotine concentrationsUse outcomesPsychometric evaluationTest-criterion relationshipsCigarettesAnonymous surveyStrong psychometric propertiesSmokers
2017
Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth
Bold KW, Morean ME, Kong G, Simon P, Camenga DR, Cavallo DA, Krishnan-Sarin S. Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2017, 181: 146-151. PMID: 29055268, PMCID: PMC5683935, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsE-cigarette useMore frequent e-cigarette useEarly ageFrequent e-cigarette useE-cigarette use onsetLong-term useE-cigarette initiationE-cigarette usersE-cigarette use frequencyE-cigarette interventionsBehavioral impulsivityRisk factorsEarly initiationUnknown health effectsDomains of impulsivityImpulsive youthE-cigarettesGreater riskPast monthStudying the interactive effects of menthol and nicotine among youth: An examination using e-cigarettes
Krishnan-Sarin S, Green BG, Kong G, Cavallo DA, Jatlow P, Gueorguieva R, Buta E, O’Malley S. Studying the interactive effects of menthol and nicotine among youth: An examination using e-cigarettes. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2017, 180: 193-199. PMID: 28915478, PMCID: PMC5659733, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAd lib useE-cigarettesE-cigarette usersStimulant effectsNicotine concentrationsNicotine-containing e-cigarettesNicotine withdrawal symptomsMenthol concentrationRandom counterbalanced orderPositive rewarding effectsNicotine exposureNicotine withdrawalWithdrawal symptomsRewarding effectsMenthol glucuronideHigh menthol concentrationLow dosesNicotine levelsTobacco productsNicotineCounterbalanced order
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