2009
Baseline brain energy supports the state of consciousness
Shulman RG, Hyder F, Rothman DL. Baseline brain energy supports the state of consciousness. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2009, 106: 11096-11101. PMID: 19549837, PMCID: PMC2708743, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903941106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLoss of consciousnessBrain energyConscious stateHigh-frequency neuronal activityCerebral energy consumptionBrain energy consumptionCerebral energyEnsembles of neuronsRat brainSomatosensory responsesNeuronal activityGamma-band rangeNeuronal propertiesFiring rateSensory stimulationNeuronal signalingPET measurementsAnesthesiaFMRI patternsFMRI activity patternsOxygen consumptionState of consciousnessStimulationBehavioral abilitiesMagnetic resonance spectroscopy
1998
Interpreting functional imaging studies in terms of neurotransmitter cycling
Shulman R, Rothman D. Interpreting functional imaging studies in terms of neurotransmitter cycling. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 11993-11998. PMID: 9751778, PMCID: PMC21753, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11993.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFunctional imaging experimentsNeurobiological processesFunctional magnetic resonance imagingBasis of neuroscienceSpecific mental processesFunctional imaging studiesFunctional imaging dataVivo 13C NMR measurementsCognitive psychologyCognitive tasksMental processesPsychological termsPsychological interpretationImaging experimentsNeuroscientific interpretationSensory stimulationPsychological designHuman brainFunctional imaging signalsNeurotransmitter cyclingParticular positron emission tomographyNeurotransmitter fluxBrain energy consumptionImaging studiesImaging data
1994
NMR studies of human brain function
Shulman R, Rothman D, Blamire A. NMR studies of human brain function. Trends In Biochemical Sciences 1994, 19: 522-526. PMID: 7846759, DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(94)90050-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingPositron emission tomographyUnstimulated subjectsResonance imagingEmission tomographyBrain functionHuman brain functionSensory stimulationVisual stimulationBrain activityHuman brain activityHuman brainStimulationMetabolic rateSignificant improvementMagnetic resonance spectroscopySingle subjectSubjectsEstablished method