2025
2024 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Guideline for the Screening, Treatment, and Management of Lupus Nephritis
Sammaritano L, Askanase A, Bermas B, Dall'Era M, Duarte‐García A, Hiraki L, Rovin B, Son M, Alvarado A, Aranow C, Barnado A, Broder A, Brunner H, Chowdhary V, Contreras G, Felix C, Ferucci E, Gibson K, Hersh A, Izmirly P, Kalunian K, Kamen D, Rollins B, Smith B, Thomas A, Timlin H, Wallace D, Ward M, Azzam M, Bartels C, Cunha J, DeQuattro K, Fava A, Figueroa‐Parra G, Garg S, Greco J, Cuéllar‐Gutiérrez M, Iyer P, Johannemann A, Jorge A, Kasturi S, Kawtharany H, Khawandi J, Kirou K, Legge A, Liang K, Lockwood M, Sanchez‐Rodriguez A, Turgunbaev M, Williams J, Turner A, Mustafa R. 2024 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Guideline for the Screening, Treatment, and Management of Lupus Nephritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2025 PMID: 40331662, DOI: 10.1002/art.43212.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchManagement of lupus nephritisLupus nephritisAmerican College of Rheumatology (ACRTreatment decisionsLupus nephritis therapyBest practice statementsQuality of evidencePulse glucocorticoidsGlucocorticoid taperingImmunosuppressive agentsRenal responseRecommendations AssessmentNephritisAmerican CollegeVoting panelClinical situationsGRADE recommendationsIndividual patientsTherapyPractice statementsEvidence-basedPICO questionClinical questionsPICO formatSystematic literature review
2024
KLF13 promotes SLE pathogenesis by modifying chromatin accessibility of key proinflammatory cytokine genes
Wang A, Fairhurst A, Liu K, Wakeland B, Barnes S, Malladi V, Viswanathan K, Arana C, Dozmorov I, Singhar A, Du Y, Imam M, Moses A, Chen C, Sunkavalli A, Casco J, Rakheja D, Li Q, Mohan C, Clayberger C, Wakeland E, Khan S. KLF13 promotes SLE pathogenesis by modifying chromatin accessibility of key proinflammatory cytokine genes. Communications Biology 2024, 7: 1446. PMID: 39506084, PMCID: PMC11541912, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-07099-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystemic lupus erythematosusMyeloid cellsLupus nephritisT cellsKidneys of lupus-prone miceSystemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesisLevels of proinflammatory cytokinesLupus-prone miceActivated myeloid cellsActivated T cellsT cell activationProduction of RANTEST cell hyperactivityProinflammatory cytokine genesAssociated with increased productionLupus pathogenesisProinflammatory cytokines/chemokinesSle1 locusLupus erythematosusImmune activationProinflammatory cytokinesCytokine Signaling PathwaysCytokine genesGenome-wide transcriptional changesReceptor ligandsLupus Nephritis: Immune Cells and the Kidney Microenvironment
Chernova I. Lupus Nephritis: Immune Cells and the Kidney Microenvironment. Kidney360 2024, 5: 1394-1401. PMID: 39120952, PMCID: PMC11441818, DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000531.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntrinsic renal cellsLupus nephritisImmune cellsRenal cellsProgression to end-stage kidney diseaseActivation of immune cellsProinflammatory cytokine milieuSystemic immunosuppressive effectsAutoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosusDisease systemic lupus erythematosusImmune cell activationSystemic lupus erythematosusEnd-stage kidney diseaseLN therapyCytokine milieuKidney cell functionImmune infiltrationKidney microenvironmentOrgan manifestationsLupus erythematosusAntigen presentationCytokine productionImmunosuppressive effectsKidney diseaseCell activationNADPH oxidase in B cells and macrophages protects against murine lupus by regulation of TLR7
Gordon R, Cosgrove H, Marinov A, Gingras S, Tilstra J, Campbell A, Bastacky S, Kashgarian M, Perl A, Nickerson K, Shlomchik M. NADPH oxidase in B cells and macrophages protects against murine lupus by regulation of TLR7. JCI Insight 2024, 9: e178563. PMID: 39042716, PMCID: PMC11343599, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178563.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSystemic lupus erythematosusB cellsRegulation of TLR7Cell lineagesNADPH oxidaseHematopoietic cell lineagesNF-kB signalingSLE pathologyNOX2 deficiencyMyeloid compartmentMurine lupusLupus nephritisLupus erythematosusTLR7 signalingGlobal deletionInterstitial nephritisImmunomodulatory effectsGlobal knockoutConditional knockoutCYBBNOX2NephritisKnockoutTLR7Chimera approachA rare case of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus associated end-stage renal disease with cerebral abscess and hemorrhage
Kim J, Shin J, Kim J, Lee K. A rare case of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus associated end-stage renal disease with cerebral abscess and hemorrhage. Childhood Kidney Diseases 2024, 28: 44-50. DOI: 10.3339/ckd.24.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChildhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosusEnd-stage renal diseaseSystemic lupus erythematosusCases of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosusAcute kidney injuryCentral nervous systemLupus nephritisBrain abscessCerebral abscessLupus erythematosusRare caseCentral nervous system complicationsHigh-dose steroidsChronic autoimmune inflammatory diseaseDaily peritoneal dialysisTreat acute kidney injurySpontaneous cerebral hemorrhageAutoimmune inflammatory diseaseSevere neurological manifestationsImmunosuppressive therapyKidney involvementPeritoneal dialysisControl edemaKidney injuryCerebral infectionUnderstanding the podocyte immune responses in proteinuric kidney diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy
Jiang H, Shen Z, Zhuang J, Lu C, Qu Y, Xu C, Yang S, Tian X. Understanding the podocyte immune responses in proteinuric kidney diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy. Frontiers In Immunology 2024, 14: 1335936. PMID: 38288116, PMCID: PMC10822972, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1335936.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsChronic kidney diseaseGlomerular filtration barrierProteinuric glomerular diseasesKidney diseaseGlomerular diseaseImmune responseFiltration barrierTherapeutic targetCell-like characteristicsFocal segmental glomerulosclerosisProteinuric kidney diseaseTargets of immune responsesDamage to podocytesLupus nephritisPotential therapeutic targetGlomerular basement membraneImmune injuryGlomerular injuryMembranous nephropathyFenestrated endothelial cellsKidney functionSegmental glomerulosclerosisAdaptive immunityEpithelial cellsPathogenic mechanisms
2023
The ion transporter Na+-K+-ATPase enables pathological B cell survival in the kidney microenvironment of lupus nephritis
Chernova I, Song W, Steach H, Hafez O, Al Souz J, Chen P, Chandra N, Cantley L, Veselits M, Clark M, Craft J. The ion transporter Na+-K+-ATPase enables pathological B cell survival in the kidney microenvironment of lupus nephritis. Science Advances 2023, 9: eadf8156. PMID: 36724234, PMCID: PMC9891690, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8156.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsB cellsAutoimmune diseasesAmelioration of proteinuriaLupus nephritis biopsiesB cell infiltrationSodium-potassium adenosine triphosphataseB cell survivalPotassium adenosine triphosphataseLupus nephritisCell infiltrationKidney microenvironmentTissue injuryTherapeutic targetPharmacological inhibitionElevated sodium concentrationLupusHostile microenvironmentHigh expressionKidneySodium concentrationGenetic knockoutCell survivalDiseaseCellsAdenosine triphosphatase
2022
The Ion Transporter Na+-K+-ATPase Enables Pathological B Cell Survival in the Kidney Microenvironment of Lupus Nephritis
Chernova I, Craft J. The Ion Transporter Na+-K+-ATPase Enables Pathological B Cell Survival in the Kidney Microenvironment of Lupus Nephritis. Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2022, 33: 486-487. DOI: 10.1681/asn.20223311s1486d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInduction and Maintenance Treatment of Lupus Nephritis: A Comprehensive Review of Meta-Analyses
Shin J, Li H, Park S, Yang J, Lee K, Jo Y, Park S, Oh J, Kim H, An H, Jeong G, Jung H, Lee H, Kim J, Nam S, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Hwang J, Yon D, Lee S, Tizaoui K, Kronbichler A, Kim J, Smith L. Induction and Maintenance Treatment of Lupus Nephritis: A Comprehensive Review of Meta-Analyses. Journal Of Clinical Medicine 2022, 11: 343. PMID: 35054037, PMCID: PMC8780781, DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020343.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComprehensive review of meta-analysesLupus nephritisEnd stage kidney diseaseSystemic lupus erythematosusCalcineurin inhibitorsTreatment of lupus nephritisMeta-analysesReview of meta-analysesEvidence of therapyMMF-treated patientsRates of remissionStage kidney diseaseNetwork meta-analysesPartial remissionMaintenance therapyInfectious complicationsImmunomodulatory therapyRelapse rateLupus erythematosusMaintenance treatmentConventional therapyLN managementComparative efficacyKidney diseaseTherapeutic approaches
2021
Lupus nephritis and beyond: Kidney-intrinsic genetic risk for antibody deposition
Chernova I, Craft J. Lupus nephritis and beyond: Kidney-intrinsic genetic risk for antibody deposition. Cell Reports Medicine 2021, 2: 100479. PMID: 35028618, PMCID: PMC8714907, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100479.Peer-Reviewed Original Research204 The role of neutrophils in the clinical severity of lupus nephritis patients with concurrent skin disease
Osmani L, Pettus J, Roy A, Skopelja-Gardner S. 204 The role of neutrophils in the clinical severity of lupus nephritis patients with concurrent skin disease. Lupus Science & Medicine 2021, 8: a5-a5. DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-lupus21century.8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConcurrent skin diseasesHigher neutrophil countLupus nephritisSkin rashLN flareSkin diseasesSkin inflammationHigh neutrophilLN patientsLupus patientsNeutrophil countLupus nephritis biopsiesNeutrophil-lymphocyte ratioWorse kidney functionOnly female patientsRole of neutrophilsAnti-dsDNA IgGActivation of neutrophilsT-testStudent's t-testRenal inflammatoryActive diseaseKidney injuryChart reviewIgA depositionAn evaluation of a novel nanoformulation of imatinib mesylate in a mouse model of lupus nephritis
Fogueri U, Charkoftaki G, Roda G, Tuey S, Ibrahim M, Persaud I, Wempe MF, Brown JM, Thurman JM, Anchordoquy TJ, Joy MS. An evaluation of a novel nanoformulation of imatinib mesylate in a mouse model of lupus nephritis. Drug Delivery And Translational Research 2021, 12: 1445-1454. PMID: 34322850, DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01022-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystemic lupus erythematosus nephritisKidney depositionImatinib mesylateMouse modelMRL/MpJ miceT-testStudent's t-testDose-toxicity relationshipLupus nephritisSystemic exposureRenal excretionMesangial locationsPharmacokinetic parametersPotential treatmentNaked drugPharmacokineticsNephritisNovel nanoformulationMiceMesylateFuture strategiesCurrent studyNanoformulationsEncouraging resultsKidneyThe Type II Anti‐CD20 Antibody Obinutuzumab (GA101) Is More Effective Than Rituximab at Depleting B Cells and Treating Disease in a Murine Lupus Model
Marinov A, Wang H, Bastacky S, van Puijenbroek E, Schindler T, Speziale D, Perro M, Klein C, Nickerson K, Shlomchik M. The Type II Anti‐CD20 Antibody Obinutuzumab (GA101) Is More Effective Than Rituximab at Depleting B Cells and Treating Disease in a Murine Lupus Model. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2021, 73: 826-836. PMID: 33277983, PMCID: PMC8084886, DOI: 10.1002/art.41608.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMRL/lpr miceB-cell depletionSystemic lupus erythematosusDiseased MRL/lpr miceLpr miceB cellsCell depletionEarly diseaseLupus-prone MRL/lpr micePathogenic B cellsAnti-CD20 antibodyClinical end pointsCD20 monoclonal antibodyMurine lupus modelsMultiple clinical end pointsAmelioration of diseaseAdvanced disease modelsAdvanced diseaseAutoantibody titersLupus nephritisLupus modelsLupus erythematosusInflammatory settingsSingle doseCD20 mAbs
2020
Kidney tissue hypoxia dictates T cell–mediated injury in murine lupus nephritis
Chen PM, Wilson PC, Shyer JA, Veselits M, Steach HR, Cui C, Moeckel G, Clark MR, Craft J. Kidney tissue hypoxia dictates T cell–mediated injury in murine lupus nephritis. Science Translational Medicine 2020, 12 PMID: 32269165, PMCID: PMC8055156, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1620.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypoxia-inducible factor-1Lupus nephritisT cellsTissue hypoxiaT-cell-mediated injuryCell-mediated injuryHIF-1 blockadeKidney tissue hypoxiaSystemic lupus erythematosusHuman lupus nephritisMurine lupus nephritisRenal injuryAutoimmune injuryLupus erythematosusAutoimmune diseasesImmune cellsRenal tissueMurine modelTissue damageMore hypoxicNephritisInjuryLow oxygen tensionOxygen tensionFactor 1
2018
AB0538 Increased body mass index may not be a risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis
Chock Y, Danve A, School of Medicine O, Petri M, Fu W. AB0538 Increased body mass index may not be a risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis. Annals Of The Rheumatic Diseases 2018, 77: 1425-1426. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.4524.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSystemic lupus erythematosusBody mass indexChronic kidney diseaseLow disease activityLupus nephritisSLE patientsDisease activityComplement levelsMass indexAvailable body mass indexBiopsy-proven lupus nephritisLow-grade inflammatory stateElevated body mass indexRetrospective cross-sectional studyFirst BMI measurementRisk of nephritisCategorical variablesHigher leptin levelsCross-sectional studyHigher complement levelsChi-square testLupus CohortCohort entryObese patientsACR criteriaFRI0371 Clinical characteristics and outcome of isolated lupus nephritis
Bugdayli K, Chowdhary V, Crowson C, Zand L, Alexander M, Cornell L. FRI0371 Clinical characteristics and outcome of isolated lupus nephritis. Annals Of The Rheumatic Diseases 2018, 77: 720. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6053.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExtra-renal manifestationsLupus nephritisSystemic lupus erythematosusAntinuclear antibodiesClinical manifestationsEnd-stage renal diseaseStandardised data collection formClass III nephritisPartial renal responseRenal biopsy databasePositive antinuclear antibodyAnti-dsDNA antibodiesMajority of patientsExtractable nuclear antigensImmune complex glomerulonephritisData collection formMean C3SLICC criteriaLast followMycophenolate mofetilRenal involvementRenal transplantClinical characteristicsLaboratory featuresPartial response
2017
Interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy predict renal survival in lupus nephritis
Wilson PC, Kashgarian M, Moeckel G. Interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy predict renal survival in lupus nephritis. Clinical Kidney Journal 2017, 11: 207-218. PMID: 29644061, PMCID: PMC5888814, DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx093.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRenal survivalWorse renal survivalInterstitial inflammationLupus nephritisInterstitial fibrosisTubular atrophyInflammation gradeClass IVEnd-stage renal diseaseRenal Pathology Society classificationCox proportional hazards modelBiopsy-proven lupusChronic glomerular lesionsProportional hazards modelDose-dependent mannerBaseline characteristicsSerum creatinineInitial biopsyRenal diseaseClinical outcomesGlomerular lesionsStratifies riskMedical recordsSociety classificationMultivariable model
2015
Serum Renalase Levels Correlate with Disease Activity in Lupus Nephritis
Qi C, Wang L, Zhang M, Shao X, Chang X, Fan Z, Cao Q, Mou S, Wang Q, Yan Y, Desir G, Ni Z. Serum Renalase Levels Correlate with Disease Activity in Lupus Nephritis. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0139627. PMID: 26431044, PMCID: PMC4592194, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139627.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum renalase levelsActive lupus nephritisLupus nephritisDisease activityProliferative lupus nephritisRenalase levelsLN patientsSystemic lupus erythematosusStandard therapyDisease progressionHealthy controlsActive LN patientsInactive lupus nephritisProliferative LN patientsSLEDAI-2KSLE disease activityUrine protein excretionKidneys of patientsCross-sectional studyExpression of renalaseCytokine-like proteinLupus erythematosusSerious complicationsProtein excretionSerum renalase
2012
European genetic ancestry is associated with a decreased risk of lupus nephritis
Richman IB, Taylor KE, Chung SA, Trupin L, Petri M, Yelin E, Graham RR, Lee A, Behrens TW, Gregersen PK, Seldin MF, Criswell LA. European genetic ancestry is associated with a decreased risk of lupus nephritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2012, 64: 3374-3382. PMID: 23023776, PMCID: PMC3865923, DOI: 10.1002/art.34567.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystemic lupus erythematosusRenal diseaseLupus nephritisSLE patientsSingle nucleotide polymorphismsSocioeconomic statusEuropean genetic ancestryCross-sectional studyEuropean ancestrySocioeconomic factorsCandidate risk allelesSubset of participantsMeasures of SESDisease durationLupus erythematosusDecreased riskLogistic regressionDiseaseRisk allelesGenetic ancestryNephritisEuropean descentPatientsCandidate genesAfrican Americans
2010
Dysregulated expression of CXCR4/CXCL12 in subsets of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Wang A, Guilpain P, Chong BF, Chouzenoux S, Guillevin L, Du Y, Zhou XJ, Lin F, Fairhurst A, Boudreaux C, Roux C, Wakeland EK, Davis LS, Batteux F, Mohan C. Dysregulated expression of CXCR4/CXCL12 in subsets of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2010, 62: 3436-3446. PMID: 20722038, PMCID: PMC8972909, DOI: 10.1002/art.27685.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystemic lupus erythematosusLupus nephritisSLE patientsCXCR4 expressionPeripheral blood leukocytesNeuropsychiatric SLEB cellsLupus erythematosusBlood leukocytesSLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scoreClasses of LNDisease activity index scoreSeverity of LNNeuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosusCentral nervous system involvementClass IV lupus nephritisActive neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosusCXCR4/CXCL12 axisAnti-CXCL12 antibodyActivity index scoreNervous system involvementSubset of patientsMurine lupus modelsGlomeruli of kidneysPotential therapeutic target
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