2008
Antiretroviral Therapy and Central Nervous System HIV Type 1 Infection
Price RW, Spudich S. Antiretroviral Therapy and Central Nervous System HIV Type 1 Infection. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2008, 197: s294-s306. PMID: 18447615, PMCID: PMC2628635, DOI: 10.1086/533419.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCNS HIV-1 infectionAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1 infectionType 1 infectionCerebrospinal fluidHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionSystemic infectionHIV Type 1 InfectionImmunodeficiency syndrome dementia complexVirus type 1 infectionUntreated systemic infectionCombination antiretroviral therapyCNS opportunistic infectionsMinority of patientsEarly treatment interventionLocal inflammatory reactionPrimary viremiaNeurological progressionOpportunistic infectionsDementia complexAsymptomatic infectionSilent infectionBrain injuryInflammatory reactionHIV-1
2006
Defining and Evaluating HIV-Related Neurodegenerative Disease and Its Treatment Targets: A Combinatorial Approach to Use of Cerebrospinal Fluid Molecular Biomarkers
Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Brew BJ, Cinque P, Spudich S, Price RW. Defining and Evaluating HIV-Related Neurodegenerative Disease and Its Treatment Targets: A Combinatorial Approach to Use of Cerebrospinal Fluid Molecular Biomarkers. Journal Of Neuroimmune Pharmacology 2006, 2: 112-119. PMID: 18040834, DOI: 10.1007/s11481-006-9035-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCNS HIV infectionAIDS dementia complexHIV infectionBrain injuryTreatment targetsCentral nervous system infectionNeurodegenerative diseasesSystemic HIV infectionComorbidities of patientsNervous system infectionAdjuvant treatment approachesCerebrospinal fluid markersRational trial designIntrathecal immunoactivationSystem infectionDementia complexAvailable treatmentsClinical trialsFluid markersTrial designTreatment approachesClinical practiceExperimental therapeuticsPatientsInfection
2005
HIV leucoencephalopathy and TNFα expression in neurones
Rostasy K, Monti L, Lipton S, Hedreen J, Gonzalez R, Navia B. HIV leucoencephalopathy and TNFα expression in neurones. Journal Of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2005, 76: 960. PMID: 15965202, PMCID: PMC1739718, DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.036889.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS Dementia ComplexAnti-Retroviral AgentsBasal GangliaBiopsyBrainDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingDisease ProgressionFollow-Up StudiesFrontal LobeHIV Envelope Protein gp41HumansMacrophagesMaleMicrogliaMiddle AgedNeurologic ExaminationNeuronsNeuropsychological TestsSaquinavirStavudineTreatment OutcomeTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaZidovudineConceptsAIDS dementia complexPathogenesis of ADCImaging studiesMicroglia/macrophage activationProgressive formDeep white matter changesMicroglia/macrophagesExpression of TNFalphaWhite matter changesNecrosis factor alphaMeans of immunohistochemistryViral protein expressionNeuroradiological featuresAntiretroviral treatmentHIV infectionThird patientBrain biopsyProgressive dementiaDementia complexTreatment regimensBasal gangliaClinical historyFactor alphaTNFα expressionFrontal cortexHIV-1 Chemokine Coreceptor Utilization in Paired Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Samples: A Survey of Subjects with Viremia
Spudich SS, Huang W, Nilsson AC, Petropoulos CJ, Liegler TJ, Whitcomb JM, Price RW. HIV-1 Chemokine Coreceptor Utilization in Paired Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Samples: A Survey of Subjects with Viremia. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2005, 191: 890-898. PMID: 15717264, DOI: 10.1086/428095.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebrospinal fluidImmunodeficiency syndrome dementia complexCD4 T-cell countHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entryMixture of R5Paired Cerebrospinal FluidT-cell countsPlasma samplesSurvey of subjectsHIV-1 populationsAdvanced immunodeficiencyCoreceptor utilizationInhibitor therapyPrincipal coreceptorR5 phenotypeX4 virusesDementia complexR5 virusesR5 tropismChemokine receptorsInfection pathogenesisCell countViral tropismDiscordant tropismCell tropism
1998
A phase I/II trial of nimodipine for HIV-related neurologic complications
Navia B, Dafni U, Simpson D, Tucker T, Singer E, McArthur J, Yiannoutsos C, Zaborski L, Lipton S. A phase I/II trial of nimodipine for HIV-related neurologic complications. Neurology 1998, 51: 221-228. PMID: 9674806, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.51.1.221.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAIDS dementia complexVoltage-dependent calcium channel antagonistsPhase I/II trialSevere AIDS-dementia complexHigh-dose armPhase II studyFurther clinical trialsCalcium channel antagonistsNPZ-8Adjuvant treatmentAntiretroviral therapyII trialNeurologic complicationsNeuropsychological z scoresNeuronal injuryHIV infectionPeripheral neuropathyTreat analysisCSF levelsDementia complexImmune activationClinical trialsNeurologic disordersChannel antagonistsPossible efficacyNEURONAL INJURY ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-1: Approaches to Treatment
Lipton S. NEURONAL INJURY ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-1: Approaches to Treatment. The Annual Review Of Pharmacology And Toxicology 1998, 38: 159-177. PMID: 9597152, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.38.1.159.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeuronal injuryNeuronal damageHIV-1-associated cognitive/motor complexN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-operated channelsCognitive/motor complexAIDS dementia complexHIV-1 resultsHIV-1 infectionExistence of HIVBrains of patientsReceptor-operated channelsFuture pharmacological interventionsFinal common pathwayPlatelet-activating factorFree radicalsAIDS dementiaReactive astrocytesDementia complexCognitive dysfunctionNMDA antagonistsExcessive activationNeuronal susceptibilityPharmacological interventionsHIV-1Excessive influx
1991
Calcium channel antagonists and human immunodeficiency virus coat protein–mediated neuronal injury
Lipton S. Calcium channel antagonists and human immunodeficiency virus coat protein–mediated neuronal injury. Annals Of Neurology 1991, 30: 110-114. PMID: 1656845, DOI: 10.1002/ana.410300121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoltage-dependent calcium channelsCalcium channel antagonistsNeuronal injuryChannel antagonistsCalcium channelsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope proteinImmunodeficiency syndrome dementia complexRat retinal ganglion cellsSubsequent neuronal injuryNeuronal calcium channelsRetinal ganglion cellsVoltage-dependent Ca2Mammalian central neuronsChannel antagonist drugsNeuronal damageDementia complexMaximal doseCentral neuronsGanglion cellsDihydropyridine classIntracellular calciumAntagonist drugsElectrophysiological studiesLow micromolar concentrationsGp120
1990
Redox modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated toxicity in mammalian central neurons
Levy D, Sucher N, Lipton S. Redox modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated toxicity in mammalian central neurons. Neuroscience Letters 1990, 110: 291-296. PMID: 1970145, DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90862-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral neuronsNMDA receptorsN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtypeNMDA receptor-mediated toxicityAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis-ParkinsonismAcute neurological injuryGlutamate-induced deathNMDA receptor sitesSurvival of neuronsRetinal ganglion cellsMammalian central neuronsReceptor-operated channelsChronic degenerative diseasesReceptor-mediated toxicityHypoxia-ischemiaNMDA neurotoxicityDementia complexNeurological injurySimilar pathogenesisGanglion cellsGlutamate receptorsEnhanced killingRedox modulationDegenerative diseasesHuntington's disease
1988
Manic Syndrome Associated With Zidovudine
Schaerf F, Miller R, Pearlson G, Kaminsky M, Weaver D. Manic Syndrome Associated With Zidovudine. JAMA 1988, 260: 3587-3588. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1988.03410240045016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCases of maniaZidovudine therapySyndrome AssociatedHuman immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individualsAffective disordersImmunodeficiency syndrome dementia complexZidovudine dosageZidovudine treatmentSuch patientsDementia complexManic episodesMajor depressionFamily historyDepressive symptomsCognitive declinePsychiatric syndromesPatientsPersonal historyZidovudineTherapyEt al1ManiaDisordersAssociatedSyndromeCentral mammalian neurons normally resistant to glutamate toxicity are made sensitive by elevated extracellular Ca2+: toxicity is blocked by the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801.
Hahn J, Aizenman E, Lipton S. Central mammalian neurons normally resistant to glutamate toxicity are made sensitive by elevated extracellular Ca2+: toxicity is blocked by the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1988, 85: 6556-6560. PMID: 2901101, PMCID: PMC282012, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.17.6556.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntagonist MK-801MK-801N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-coupled ion channelsExtracellular Ca2N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801Rat retinal ganglion cellsReceptor-coupled ion channelsGlutamate-induced cell deathCentral mammalian neuronsRetinal ganglion cellsElevated extracellular Ca2Severe neurological insultPatch-clamp experimentsDementia complexNeuronal deathCentral neuronsGanglion cellsNeurological insultNeurotoxic effectsAlzheimer's diseaseNeurological disordersDegenerative disordersNerve cellsMammalian neuronsHuntington's disease
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