2025
Part II. Dermatologic Manifestations Associated with Treatment of Patients with Kidney Disease
Singal A, Cowper S, Ko C, Kroshinsky D, Lipner H, Robinson-Bostom L, Yosipovitch G, Lipner S. Part II. Dermatologic Manifestations Associated with Treatment of Patients with Kidney Disease. Journal Of The American Academy Of Dermatology 2025 PMID: 40543663, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2025.06.034.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEnd stage kidney diseaseKidney diseaseMultidisciplinary team-based approachTreatment of patientsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisStage kidney diseaseClinical presentationSteal syndromeAffected patientsDermatological manifestationsSystemic fibrosisPatientsDialysis-related amyloidosisTeam-based approachUnique treatmentDiseaseCalciphylaxisFibrosisSyndromeDermatosesDermatologistsKidneyAmyloidosis
2020
Use of Intravenous Gadolinium-based Contrast Media in Patients with Kidney Disease: Consensus Statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation
Weinreb JC, Rodby RA, Yee J, Wang CL, Fine D, McDonald RJ, Perazella MA, Dillman JR, Davenport MS. Use of Intravenous Gadolinium-based Contrast Media in Patients with Kidney Disease: Consensus Statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology 2020, 298: 202903. PMID: 33170103, DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020202903.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisNational Kidney FoundationKidney diseaseGroup IIConsensus statementKidney FoundationAmerican CollegeRisk of NSFContrast mediumAcute kidney injuryAdvanced kidney diseaseCare of patientsGadolinium-based contrast mediaSimultaneous joint publicationKidney injuryDialysis initiationClinical indicationsSystemic fibrosisPatientsIntravenous gadoliniumUnconfounded casesDiseasePotential harmRadiologyRiskUse of Intravenous Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media in Patients With Kidney Disease: Consensus Statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation
Weinreb JC, Rodby RA, Yee J, Wang CL, Fine D, McDonald RJ, Perazella MA, Dillman JR, Davenport MS. Use of Intravenous Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media in Patients With Kidney Disease: Consensus Statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Medicine 2020, 3: 142-150. PMID: 33604544, PMCID: PMC7873723, DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.10.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNephrogenic systemic fibrosisNational Kidney FoundationKidney diseaseGroup IIConsensus statementKidney FoundationAmerican CollegeRisk of NSFContrast mediumAcute kidney injuryAdvanced kidney diseaseCare of patientsGadolinium-based contrast mediaKidney injuryDialysis initiationClinical indicationsSystemic fibrosisPatientsIntravenous gadoliniumUnconfounded casesDiseasePotential harmRadiologyRiskFibrosis
2018
Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent-Related Toxicities
Pasquini L, Napolitano A, Visconti E, Longo D, Romano A, Tomà P, Espagnet M. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent-Related Toxicities. CNS Drugs 2018, 32: 229-240. PMID: 29508245, DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0500-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGadolinium-based contrast agentsGadolinium-based contrast agent administrationContrast agent administrationAgent administrationSystemic disease of unknown etiologyPre-contrast T1-weighted imagesDisease of unknown etiologyNormal renal functionContrast agent accumulationContrast agentsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisT1-weighted imagesSignal intensity changesRenal functionUnknown etiologyClinical consequencesKidney dysfunctionSystemic fibrosisAgent accumulationContrast agent distributionPathological samplesBrain accumulationPharmacokinetic propertiesPatientsPhysiological changes
2016
Imaging patients with renal impairment
Mathur M, Weinreb JC. Imaging patients with renal impairment. Abdominal Radiology 2016, 41: 1108-1121. PMID: 27015867, DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0709-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsContrast mediumContrast-induced nephropathyAdverse events increasesIntravenous contrast mediumNephrogenic systemic fibrosisIntravascular contrast mediaKidney injuryRenal impairmentRenal failureRenal functionSystemic fibrosisPreventative strategiesPatientsDiagnostic purposesImaging techniquesPotential riskRiskNephropathyFibrosisUnique challengesInjuryEpidemiologyImpairment
2015
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
LaChance A, Abu-Alfa A, Cowper S. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis. 2015, 119-136. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2395-3_12.ChaptersNephrogenic systemic fibrosisMagnetic resonance angiographySystemic fibrosisNon-renal patientsOff-label useDiverse medical specialtiesMedication toxicityRenal diseasePathological featuresRenal populationRare conditionUnsuspected conditionsLong-term effectsNew toxicitiesGadolinium retentionResonance angiographyDisease causesTreatment climateNovel diseaseMedical specialtiesFibrosisDiseasePhysiciansPharmaceutical companiesToxicity
2014
Advancing pharmacovigilance through academic–legal collaboration: the case of gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis—a research on adverse drug events and reports (RADAR) report
Edwards BJ, Laumann AE, Nardone B, Miller FH, Restaino J, Raisch DW, McKoy JM, Hammel JA, Bhatt K, Bauer K, Samaras AT, Fisher MJ, Bull C, Saddleton E, Belknap SM, Thomsen HS, Kanal E, Cowper SE, Abu Alfa AK, West DP. Advancing pharmacovigilance through academic–legal collaboration: the case of gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis—a research on adverse drug events and reports (RADAR) report. British Journal Of Radiology 2014, 87: 20140307. PMID: 25230161, PMCID: PMC4170864, DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140307.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGadolinium-based contrast agentsAdverse drug eventsDrug eventsMedicines AgencyGadopentetate dimeglumineDrug Administration Adverse Event Reporting SystemAdverse Event Reporting SystemDanish Medicines AgencyNephrogenic systemic fibrosisEvent Reporting SystemEuropean Medicines AgencyNSF casesHistopathological dataContrast agentsSystemic fibrosisDrug AdministrationLegal data setsUnconfounded casesGadobenate dimeglumineMean numberDimeglumineReporting systemPharmacovigilance researchSafety informationPharmacovigilanceDiagnosing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in the post‐FDA restriction era
Thomson LK, Thomson PC, Kingsmore DB, Blessing K, Daly CD, Cowper SE, Roditi GH. Diagnosing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in the post‐FDA restriction era. Journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2014, 41: 1268-1271. PMID: 24903851, DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24664.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosis
2013
Pediatric nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is rarely reported: a RADAR report
Nardone B, Saddleton E, Laumann AE, Edwards BJ, Raisch DW, McKoy JM, Belknap SM, Bull C, Haryani A, Cowper SE, Abu-Alfa AK, Miller FH, Godinez-Puig V, Dharnidharka VR, West DP. Pediatric nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is rarely reported: a RADAR report. Pediatric Radiology 2013, 44: 173-180. PMID: 24057195, PMCID: PMC3946726, DOI: 10.1007/s00247-013-2795-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisSystemic fibrosisGadolinium-based contrast agentsDrug Administration Adverse Event Reporting SystemAdverse Event Reporting SystemEvent Reporting SystemRenal functionPediatric casesResearch RegistryContrast agentsFibrosisDuplicate reportingU.S. FoodSystematic searchReported numberRegistryChildrenReporting systemFAERSExposureReportAgentsMethodsWeCasesFibrosis-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in TGFB1 and CAV1 Are Not Associated With the Development of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Le LP, Garibyan L, Lara D, Finberg KE, Iafrate AJ, Duncan LM, Kay J, Nazarian RM. Fibrosis-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in TGFB1 and CAV1 Are Not Associated With the Development of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis. American Journal Of Dermatopathology 2013, 35: 351-356. PMID: 23051628, DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31826c5508.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesCaveolin 1Chi-Square DistributionCodonContrast MediaFemaleFibrosisGadoliniumGene FrequencyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansIntronsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisNephrogenic Fibrosing DermopathyPhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsTransforming Growth Factor beta1ConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisGadolinium-containing contrast agentsSingle nucleotide polymorphismsSystemic fibrosisDevelopment of NSFImpaired renal functionChronic kidney diseaseCohort of patientsSubset of patientsProgression of fibrosisRenal impairmentRenal functionKidney diseaseControl subjectsNSF casesHistological evidenceGenetic predispositionPatientsIntronic single nucleotide polymorphismOrgan systemsFibrosisGenotype frequenciesTGFB1Significant differencesDisease
2012
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: concepts and perspectives
de Souza Machado Igreja A, de Carvalho Mesquita K, Cowper SE, Costa IM. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: concepts and perspectives. Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia 2012, 87: 597-607. PMID: 22892775, DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962012000400013.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisGadolinium-based contrast agentsSystemic fibrosisNephrogenic systemic fibrosis casesCareful clinicopathological correlationEffective preventive methodsMagnetic resonance imagingContrast agentsRenal impairmentRenal functionClinicopathological correlationSkin changesProgressive conditionFibrosis casesVisceral organsKidney disordersResonance imagingPreventive methodsPatientsFibrosisDiseaseExposureAgentsRemissionNephrologistsLinking Drugs to Obscure Illnesses: Lessons from Pure Red Cell Aplasia, Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis, and Reye’s Syndrome. A Report From the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR)
Bennett CL, Starko KM, Thomsen HS, Cowper S, Sartor O, Macdougall IC, Qureshi ZP, Bookstaver PB, Miller AD, Norris LB, Xirasagar S, Trenery A, Lopez I, Kahn A, Murday A, Luminari S, Cournoyer D, Locatelli F, Ray P, Mattison DR. Linking Drugs to Obscure Illnesses: Lessons from Pure Red Cell Aplasia, Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis, and Reye’s Syndrome. A Report From the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR). Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2012, 27: 1697-1703. PMID: 22692632, PMCID: PMC3509314, DOI: 10.1007/s11606-012-2098-1.ChaptersConceptsPure red cell aplasiaNephrogenic systemic fibrosisChronic kidney disease patientsSerious adverse drug reactionsKidney disease patientsRed cell aplasiaReye's syndromeNSF casesCell aplasiaDisease patientsSystemic fibrosisAdministration of aspirinDanish Medicines AgencyAdverse drug reactionsYears of identificationCKD patientsCounter medicationsDrug reactionsAdverse reactionsGadodiamide administrationObscure illnessPediatric useMedicines AgencyPatientsSyndrome
2011
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Clinicopathological definition and workup recommendations
Girardi M, Kay J, Elston DM, LeBoit PE, Abu-Alfa A, Cowper SE. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Clinicopathological definition and workup recommendations. Journal Of The American Academy Of Dermatology 2011, 65: 1095-1106.e7. PMID: 21724294, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.08.041.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsDiagnosis of NSFNephrogenic systemic fibrosisClinicopathological definitionNSF diagnosisWorkup recommendationsPrior clinical experienceClinicopathological presentationRenal diseaseHistopathological featuresRisk factorsStudy populationPrecise causationSystemic fibrosisClinical experienceAccurate diagnosisClinical expertiseDiagnostic standardHistopathological atlasDiagnosisGold standardMedical investigationsCompelling associationPhysiciansIndisputable linkContrast agentsNephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Abu-Alfa AK. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents. Advances In Kidney Disease And Health 2011, 18: 188-198. PMID: 21531325, DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2011.03.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryNephrogenic systemic fibrosisGadolinium-based contrast agentsCKD stage 4Immediate hemodialysisSystemic fibrosisAdministration of GBCAsCare of patientsStage 4Needs of patientsMajority of casesKidney injuryDialysis initiationPeritoneal dialysisSignificant morbidityKidney diseaseCurrent recommendationsHigh riskContrast agentsLower riskRisk differencePatientsDrug AdministrationHemodialysisIndividualized assessment
2010
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
Braverman IM, Cowper S. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. F1000 Medicine Reports 2010, 2: 84. PMID: 21283650, PMCID: PMC3026615, DOI: 10.3410/m2-84.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsRenal transplantation for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a case report and review of the literature
Cuffy MC, Singh M, Formica R, Simmons E, Abu Alfa AK, Carlson K, Girardi M, Cowper SE, Kulkarni S. Renal transplantation for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a case report and review of the literature. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2010, 26: 1099-1101. PMID: 21079195, DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq693.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisRenal transplantationSystemic fibrosisSymptoms of NSFEarly renal transplantationUnderwent renal transplantationRare fibrosing disorderStandard therapy existsRenal functionFibrosing disorderRenal diseaseCase reportTherapy existsPatient's lesionTherapeutic modalitiesTransplantationPatientsLesionsFibrosisPhotopheresisPlasmapheresisImatinibSymptomsCareful considerationDisease
2009
Gadolinium‐based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Why did it happen and what have we learned?
Weinreb JC, Abu‐Alfa A. Gadolinium‐based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Why did it happen and what have we learned? Journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2009, 30: 1236-1239. PMID: 19938035, DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21979.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersGadolinium‐containing magnetic resonance image contrast agent promotes fibrocyte differentiation
Vakil V, Sung JJ, Piecychna M, Crawford JR, Kuo P, Abu‐Alfa A, Cowper SE, Bucala R, Gomer RH. Gadolinium‐containing magnetic resonance image contrast agent promotes fibrocyte differentiation. Journal Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2009, 30: 1284-1288. PMID: 19937928, PMCID: PMC2787835, DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21800.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisSerum amyloid PFibrocyte differentiationDifferentiation of monocytesNSF patientsBlood mononuclear cellsHemodialysis patientsInterleukin-12Mononuclear cellsPurified monocytesFibroblast-like cellsFibrotic lesionsHealthy controlsSystemic fibrosisAmyloid PContrast agentsPatientsMonocytesDifferentiation inhibitorWiley-LissFibrocytesOmniscanDifferentiation protocolsCellsMRI in the era of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Review, controversies and suggestions for risk reduction
Kuo P, Abu-Alfa A, Bucala R, Griffith J, Carlson K, Girardi M, Weinreb J, Cowper S. MRI in the era of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Review, controversies and suggestions for risk reduction. Applied Radiology 2009, 22-33. DOI: 10.37549/ar1683.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsNephrogenic systemic fibrosisNephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis and Other Scleroderma Mimickers
Perazella M, Pope J, Cowper S. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis and Other Scleroderma Mimickers. 2009, 97-106. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84800-934-9_11.ChaptersNephrogenic systemic fibrosisCases of NSFSystemic fibrosisDiagnosis of NSFRisk of NSFDose of gadoliniumUnderlying renal diseaseYellow scleral plaquesDermal dendritic cellsNormal kidney functionSystemic fibrosing disorderScar-like fibrosisFibrocyte-like cellsExtracutaneous diseaseSymmetrical edemaEosinophilic fasciitisRenal insufficiencyAntinuclear antibodiesDendritic cellsFibrosing disorderRenal diseaseSystemic sclerosisHistopathological featuresHistopathological findingsKidney function
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