2023
Molecular Characterization of Leptospira Species Detected in the Kidneys of Slaughtered Livestock in Abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Dogonyaro B, van Heerden H, Potts A, Fasina F, Casanovas-Massana A, Kolo F, Lötter C, Byaruhanga C, Ko A, Wunder E, Adesiyun A. Molecular Characterization of Leptospira Species Detected in the Kidneys of Slaughtered Livestock in Abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Pathogens 2023, 12: 666. PMID: 37242336, PMCID: PMC10223745, DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050666.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHardjo-bovisQPCR-positive samplesLivestock populationsFirst molecular characterizationLivestockSouth AfricaMolecular characterizationSheepLeptospira speciesGauteng ProvinceCattleMolecular methodsSerovar IcterohaemorrhagiaeBovisSppPigsAfricaGene regionAbattoirProvinceIcterohaemorrhagiaeTreesLeptospirosisQPCRSpecies
2022
Culture-Independent Detection and Identification of Leptospira Serovars
Matthias M, Lubar A, Acharige S, Chaiboonma K, Pilau N, Marroquin A, Jayasundara D, Agampodi S, Vinetz J. Culture-Independent Detection and Identification of Leptospira Serovars. Microbiology Spectrum 2022, 10: e02475-22. PMID: 36445143, PMCID: PMC9769591, DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02475-22.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPublic health importanceProspective studyFatal diseaseHealth importanceOutbreak investigationSequence typingDog urine samplesCulture-independent assaysEnvironmental surveillance studyMultilocus sequence typingPulsed-field gel electrophoresisSurveillance studyGroup IIHuman leptospirosisPrognostic testSpecific real-time qPCRClinical settingGroup ILeptospira serovarsReal-time qPCRDiagnostic testsSerum samplesUrine samplesDiagnostic specificityLeptospirosisVaccination With Leptospira interrogans PF07598 Gene Family-Encoded Virulence Modifying Proteins Protects Mice From Severe Leptospirosis and Reduces Bacterial Load in the Liver and Kidney
Chaurasia R, Salovey A, Guo X, Desir G, Vinetz JM. Vaccination With Leptospira interrogans PF07598 Gene Family-Encoded Virulence Modifying Proteins Protects Mice From Severe Leptospirosis and Reduces Bacterial Load in the Liver and Kidney. Frontiers In Cellular And Infection Microbiology 2022, 12: 926994. PMID: 35837473, PMCID: PMC9274288, DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.926994.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLethal challenge infectionChallenge infectionBacterial loadC3H/HeJ miceKey target organClinical pathogenesisSevere leptospirosisOrgan infectionProtein immunizationHeJ miceSerovar CanicolaTarget organsAnimal modelsLeptospirosis pathogenesisCellular pathogenesisMicePathogenesisInfectionLeptospira interrogansVirulence factorsModifying proteinsImmunizationKidneyLeptospirosisLiverDemographic, exposure, clinical, biochemical and diagnostic data of febrile patients recruited for the largest field study on leptospirosis in Sri Lanka
Agampodi S, Warnasekara J, Siribaddana S, Kularatna S, Gamage C, Jayasundara D, Senevirathna I, Srimantha S, Kappagoda C, Weerawansa P, Pilapitiya S, Lokunarangoda N, Sarathchandra C, Senanayake H, Matthias M, Vinetz J. Demographic, exposure, clinical, biochemical and diagnostic data of febrile patients recruited for the largest field study on leptospirosis in Sri Lanka. Data In Brief 2022, 43: 108378. PMID: 35770027, PMCID: PMC9234077, DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108378.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSerological and molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis and the role of dogs as sentinel for human infection in Nigeria
Pilau NN, Lubar AA, Daneji AI, Mera UM, Magaji AA, Abiayi EA, Chaiboonma KL, Busayo EI, Vinetz JM, Matthias MA. Serological and molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis and the role of dogs as sentinel for human infection in Nigeria. Heliyon 2022, 8: e09484. PMID: 35647333, PMCID: PMC9136256, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09484.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProspective cross-sectional studyCarriers of leptospiresCross-sectional studySymptomatic dogsQuantitative real-time PCRRole of dogsBacteriological prevalenceReal-time PCRUnvaccinated animalsHigh riskLeptospiral infectionInfection rateHuman infectionsPublic health riskMolecular epidemiologyStray dogsInfectionDogsCulture isolationO-antigen regionHealth risksLeptospirosisLipopolysaccharideSerogroupsStrong determinantBiannual and Quarterly Comparison Analysis of Agglutinating Antibody Kinetics on a Subcohort of Individuals Exposed to Leptospira interrogans in Salvador, Brazil
Cruz J, Nery N, Sacramento G, Victoriano R, Montenegro A, Santana J, Costa F, Ko A, Reis M, Wunder E. Biannual and Quarterly Comparison Analysis of Agglutinating Antibody Kinetics on a Subcohort of Individuals Exposed to Leptospira interrogans in Salvador, Brazil. Frontiers In Medicine 2022, 9: 862378. PMID: 35492362, PMCID: PMC9048256, DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.862378.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMicroscopic agglutination testAntibody kineticsEndemic areasReinfection eventsSubcohort of individualsBurden of leptospirosisLife-threatening diseaseProspective cohortClinical manifestationsAsymptomatic infectionHumoral responseRisk factorsImmune responseLeptospirosis infectionAgglutination testPaucity of informationSerological surveyLeptospirosisSample collection timeInfectionLeptospira interrogansSubcohortFurther studiesHigh rateDiseaseResponse of Human Toll–Like Receptor 2 During the Infection of Leptospirosis
Kappagoda C, Senavirathna I, Warnasekara J, Srimantha S, De Silva N, Agampodi S. Response of Human Toll–Like Receptor 2 During the Infection of Leptospirosis. International Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2022, 116: s71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchToll-like receptor2Human TLR2 geneTLR2 geneMouse modelToll-like receptor 2Human Toll-like receptor 2Results 64 patientsInnate immune responsePathogenic Leptospira sppGene expression analysisImmune responseStudy populationReceptor 2Receptor responsesTLR2 regulationPatientsLeptospirosisLeptospira sppNew therapeuticsWhole bloodGene expression studiesGene amplificationReverse transcriptaseInfectionTotal RNANeglecting the neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka
Warnasekara J, Agampodi S. Neglecting the neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka. Epidemiology And Health 2022, 44: e2022015. PMID: 35038829, PMCID: PMC9117097, DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 pandemicCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemicPublic health surveillance systemsCases of leptospirosisControl of leptospirosisDisease 2019 pandemicHealth surveillance systemsGlobal health systemLarge outbreakInfectious diseasesHealth systemLeptospirosisTransmission dynamicsSurveillance systemPandemicSurveillanceSri LankaDisease
2021
Expression of human toll-like receptor-2 in leptospirosis and improving the validity of gene expression analysis
Kappagoda C, Senavirathna R, Warnasekara Y, Srimantha L, De Silva L, Agampodi S. Expression of human toll-like receptor-2 in leptospirosis and improving the validity of gene expression analysis. Sri Lankan Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2021, 11: 3. DOI: 10.4038/sljid.v11i0.8456.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEffect of Sewerage on the Contamination of Soil with Pathogenic Leptospira in Urban Slums
Casanovas-Massana A, Souza F, Curry M, de Oliveira D, de Oliveira AS, Eyre MT, Santiago D, Santos M, Serra RMR, Lopes E, Xavier BI, Diggle PJ, Wunder EA, Reis MG, Ko AI, Costa F. Effect of Sewerage on the Contamination of Soil with Pathogenic Leptospira in Urban Slums. Environmental Science And Technology 2021, 55: 15882-15890. PMID: 34767339, PMCID: PMC9302045, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04916.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLeptospira interrogans biofilm formation in Rattus norvegicus (Norway rats) natural reservoirs
Santos A, dos Santos Ribeiro P, da França G, Souza F, Ramos E, Figueira C, Reis M, Costa F, Ristow P. Leptospira interrogans biofilm formation in Rattus norvegicus (Norway rats) natural reservoirs. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021, 15: e0009736. PMID: 34495971, PMCID: PMC8451993, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009736.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRenal tubulesPathogenic LeptospiraPathogenesis of leptospirosisMain reservoir hostsNatural animal reservoirsBacterial carriageChronic colonizationLeptospiral colonizationRenal carriageAnimal reservoirsLeptospira interrogansLeptospirosisUrban slumsCausative agentLeptospiraTubulesPossible roleReservoir hostsCarriageNatural reservoirBiofilm formationOcclusion patternsBacterial survivalHost reservoirsR. norvegicusGenetic Evidence for a Potential Environmental Pathway to Spillover Infection of Rat-Borne Leptospirosis
Casanovas-Massana A, de Oliveira D, Schneider AG, Begon M, Childs JE, Costa F, Reis MG, Ko AI, Wunder EA. Genetic Evidence for a Potential Environmental Pathway to Spillover Infection of Rat-Borne Leptospirosis. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2021, 225: 130-134. PMID: 34139761, PMCID: PMC8730487, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab323.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPotential environmental pathwaysEnvironmental reservoirsSpillover infectionsEnvironmental pathwaysHuman leptospirosis casesSevere leptospirosisLeptospirosis infectionLeptospirosis casesMolecular epidemiologyGenetic evidencePathogenic LeptospiraLeptospira interrogansInfectionLeptospirosisUrban slumsSpillover pathwaysRat specimensReservoirPathwayUrban communitiesCommunityEpidemiologyA live attenuated-vaccine model confers cross-protective immunity against different species of the Leptospira genus
Wunder EA, Adhikarla H, Hamond C, Bonner K, Liang L, Rodrigues CB, Bisht V, Nally JE, Alt DP, Reis MG, Diggle PJ, Felgner PL, Ko A. A live attenuated-vaccine model confers cross-protective immunity against different species of the Leptospira genus. ELife 2021, 10: e64166. PMID: 33496263, PMCID: PMC7837694, DOI: 10.7554/elife.64166.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCross-protective immunityPathogenic Leptospira speciesTerms of morbidityLeptospira speciesTransient bacteremiaSingle doseAntibody responseImmune responseApplicable vaccinesVaccine candidatesAnimal modelsEffective preventionAttenuated mutantsZoonotic diseaseLeptospira genusPotential correlatesDisease transmissionDiseaseLeptospirosisImmunityBacteremiaMorbidityImmunizationVaccineRelevant proteinsKnowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Leptospirosis among Visitors to a Recreational Forest in Malaysia
Shafie NJ, Halim N, Zalipah M, Amin N, Esa S, Md-Nor S, Casanovas-Massana A, Ko AI, Palma F, Souza F, Costa F. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Leptospirosis among Visitors to a Recreational Forest in Malaysia. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2021, 104: 1290-1296. PMID: 33534768, PMCID: PMC8045624, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-risk groupPractice scoresWorldwide public health problemCross-sectional studyPublic health problemHigher practice scoresHigher knowledge scoresAppropriate prevention programsGood practice habitsHigh riskHealth problemsKnowledge scorePrevention programsPractice habitsLeptospirosisMajority of respondentsLeptospirosis transmissionMajor causeDiseaseTransmission routesZoonotic diseaseHigher knowledgePotential outbreaksScoresFinal model
2020
Effects of Accounting for Interval-Censored Antibody Titer Decay on Seroincidence in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Leptospirosis
Bonner K, Cruz JS, Sacramento GA, de Oliveira D, Nery N, Carvalho M, Costa F, Childs JE, Ko AI, Diggle PJ. Effects of Accounting for Interval-Censored Antibody Titer Decay on Seroincidence in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Leptospirosis. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2020, 190: 893-899. PMID: 33274738, PMCID: PMC8096484, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLongitudinal cohort studyCohort studyMicroscopic agglutination test titersAgglutination test titersHigh transmission settingsPoint-source exposureSeroincidence ratesEstimates of infectionRisk factorsTest titersReported casesEpidemiologic implicationsInfection rateMean infection rateSerological samplesSerological assaysLeptospirosis casesInfectionArboviral diseasesTiter dilutionsSeroincidenceSource exposureLeptospirosisSample size estimationIntervalSeroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in slaughtered cattle in Gauteng province, South Africa
Dogonyaro BB, van Heerden H, Potts AD, Kolo BF, Lotter C, Katsande C, Fasina FO, Ko AI, Wunder EA, Adesiyun AA. Seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in slaughtered cattle in Gauteng province, South Africa. Tropical Animal Health And Production 2020, 52: 3789-3798. PMID: 33009586, PMCID: PMC10407966, DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02417-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSeroprevalence of leptospirosisMicroscopic agglutination testRisk factorsCattle populationSeropositive cattleSerogroup SejroeSouth AfricaCattleCross-sectional studyLeptospira sppPublic health importancePredominant serogroupVaccine serogroupsAbattoirLivestockLeptospira infectionGauteng ProvinceCutoff titerBlood samplesLeptospirosisSejroeDemographic dataHealth importanceAgglutination testSeroprevalenceEarly Release - Anicteric Leptospirosis-Associated Meningitis in a Tropical Urban Environment, Brazil - Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Nabity SA, Araújo GC, Hagan JE, Damião AO, Reis MG, Ko AI, Ribeiro GS. Early Release - Anicteric Leptospirosis-Associated Meningitis in a Tropical Urban Environment, Brazil - Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2020, 26: 2190-2192. PMID: 32818405, PMCID: PMC7454101, DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.191001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComplete Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Strains FMAS_KW1, FMAS_KW2 and FMAS_AW1 Isolated from Leptospirosis Patients from Karawanalla and Awissawella, Sri Lanka
Senevirathna I, Jayasundara D, Lefler JP, Chaiboonm KL, Warnasekara J, Agampodi S, Matthias MA, Vinetz JM. Complete Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Strains FMAS_KW1, FMAS_KW2 and FMAS_AW1 Isolated from Leptospirosis Patients from Karawanalla and Awissawella, Sri Lanka. Journal Of Genomics 2020, 8: 49-52. PMID: 32494307, PMCID: PMC7256012, DOI: 10.7150/jgen.43953.Peer-Reviewed Original Research79 Leptospirosis
Vinetz J, Watt G. 79 Leptospirosis. 2020, 636-640. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-55512-8.00079-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSevere leptospirosisAcute kidney injuryEndothelial cell dysfunctionKey pathologic featuresThird-generation cephalosporinsMarked functional impairmentHigh mortality ratePathogenesis of leptospirosisMost disease transmissionRefractory shockKidney injuryOral doxycyclineParenteral penicillinPulmonary hemorrhageSubstantial morbidityPathologic featuresHistopathologic changesFunctional impairmentAvailable vaccinesCell dysfunctionDiagnostic confirmationRisk populationsMilder casesMortality rateLeptospirosis
2019
Study protocol: characterising the clinical, epidemiological and aetiological aspects of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka: a hospital based clinico-epidemiological study
Agampodi S, Warnasekara J, Jayasundara D, Senawirathna I, Gamage C, Kularatne S, Siribaddana S, Maththias M, Vinetz J. Study protocol: characterising the clinical, epidemiological and aetiological aspects of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka: a hospital based clinico-epidemiological study. BMJ Open 2019, 9: e027850. PMID: 31511281, PMCID: PMC6738675, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027850.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEthics Review CommitteeMultilocus sequence typingOutpatient departmentClinico-epidemiological studyMulticentre prospective studyDay of admissionMicroscopic agglutination testPresence of diseaseHospital stayFebrile patientsMedical wardsProspective studySri Lankan isolatesRisk factorsVenous bloodDisease progressionEthical clearanceHigh incidenceAetiological aspectsPatientsAgglutination testMolecular epidemiologyPatient contextBedside inoculationLeptospirosis
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