2022
Navigating barriers to affording and obtaining insulin and diabetes supplies
Wilcox A, Lipska K, Weinzimer S, Gujral J, Arakaki A, Kerandi L, Nally L. Navigating barriers to affording and obtaining insulin and diabetes supplies. Journal Of Diabetes 2022, 15: 71-75. PMID: 36562281, PMCID: PMC9870729, DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDKA Prevention and Insulin Pumps: Lessons Learned From a Large Pediatric Pump Practice
Doyle EA, Weinzimer SA, Tamborlane W. DKA Prevention and Insulin Pumps: Lessons Learned From a Large Pediatric Pump Practice. The Science Of Diabetes Self-Management And Care 2022, 48: 476-482. PMID: 36129121, DOI: 10.1177/26350106221125699.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsContinuous glucose monitorHigher A1C levelsA1c levelsDKA eventsInsulin pumpPump usersPump-treated patientsRetrospective chart reviewPediatric endocrinology practiceType 1 diabetesInsulin pump usersConcurrent illnessDKA preventionPump patientsDiabetes durationDKA episodesMean A1CChart reviewEndocrinology practiceDKA ratesDKA severityMean ageInsulin omissionMost episodesPatientsConsensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice
Phillip M, Nimri R, Bergenstal RM, Barnard-Kelly K, Danne T, Hovorka R, Kovatchev BP, Messer LH, Parkin CG, Ambler-Osborn L, Amiel SA, Bally L, Beck RW, Biester S, Biester T, Blanchette JE, Bosi E, Boughton CK, Breton MD, Brown SA, Buckingham BA, Cai A, Carlson AL, Castle JR, Choudhary P, Close KL, Cobelli C, Criego AB, Davis E, de Beaufort C, de Bock MI, DeSalvo DJ, DeVries JH, Dovc K, Doyle FJ, Ekhlaspour L, Shvalb NF, Forlenza GP, Gallen G, Garg SK, Gershenoff DC, Gonder-Frederick LA, Haidar A, Hartnell S, Heinemann L, Heller S, Hirsch IB, Hood KK, Isaacs D, Klonoff DC, Kordonouri O, Kowalski A, Laffel L, Lawton J, Lal RA, Leelarathna L, Maahs DM, Murphy HR, Nørgaard K, O’Neal D, Oser S, Oser T, Renard E, Riddell MC, Rodbard D, Russell SJ, Schatz DA, Shah VN, Sherr JL, Simonson GD, Wadwa RP, Ward C, Weinzimer SA, Wilmot EG, Battelino T. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice. Endocrine Reviews 2022, 44: 254-280. PMID: 36066457, PMCID: PMC9985411, DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInsulin delivery technologiesGlycemic goalsNear-normal glucose levelsLong-term complicationsReal-world studyHypoglycemia riskDiabetes QualityConsensus recommendationsGlucose levelsGlobal prevalenceDiabetes managementEligibility criteriaClinical practiceDelivery technologiesHealthcare providersClinical settingDiabetesInsurance coverageSignificant proportionCliniciansAid successPWDPayersComplicationsTremendous advancesA Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Reiss AL, Jo B, Arbelaez AM, Tsalikian E, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Fox LA, Cato A, White NH, Tansey M, Aye T, Tamborlane W, Englert K, Lum J, Mazaika P, Foland-Ross L, Marzelli M, Mauras N. A Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 4940. PMID: 36042217, PMCID: PMC9427757, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32289-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systemStandard care groupType 1 diabetesClosed-loop insulin delivery systemWhite matter volumeCare groupPrimary outcomeInsulin delivery systemsMatter volumeFractional anisotropyCognitive AssessmentRigorous glucose controlDiagnosis of T1DClosed-loop groupBetter diabetes controlDiabetes care groupsConcept pilot studyYears of ageAcademic medical centerFunctional brain activityCortical surface areaMonths study durationRandomized participantsDiabetes controlGlucose controlImpact of Temporary Glycemic Target Use in the Hybrid and Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Systems
Dovc K, Battelino T, Beck RW, Sibayan J, Bailey RJ, Calhoun P, Turcotte C, Weinzimer S, Schweiger D, Nimri R, Bergenstal RM. Impact of Temporary Glycemic Target Use in the Hybrid and Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Systems. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2022, 24: 848-852. PMID: 35848991, PMCID: PMC9618368, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2022.0153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLived experience of CamAPS FX closed loop system in youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents
Hood KK, Garcia‐Willingham N, Hanes S, Tanenbaum ML, Ware J, Boughton CK, Allen JM, Wilinska ME, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, Thankamony A, Campbell F, Wadwa RP, Buckingham BA, Davis N, DiMeglio LA, Mauras N, Besser REJ, Ghatak A, Weinzimer SA, Fox DS, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Hovorka R, Consortium T. Lived experience of CamAPS FX closed loop system in youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Diabetes Obesity And Metabolism 2022, 24: 2309-2318. PMID: 35837984, PMCID: PMC9804666, DOI: 10.1111/dom.14815.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchA Comparison of Postprandial Glucose Control in the Medtronic Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Versus 670G
Weinzimer S, Bailey RJ, Bergenstal RM, Nimri R, Beck RW, Schatz D, Ambler-Osborn L, Schweiger DS, von dem Berge T, Sibayan J, Johnson ML, Calhoun P, Phillip M, Bergenstal R, Phillip M, Criego A, Bergenstal R, Carlson A, Martens T, Beasley S, Johnson M, Whipple D, Hyatt J, Punel A, Grieme A, Thomas L, LaFrance A, Hasledalen C, Laffel L, Isganaitis E, Freiner E, Ambler-Osborn L, Desrochers H, Turcotte C, Naik N, Roethke L, Fisher M, Nimri R, Nevo M, Bello R, Hamou A, Hermon O, Horesh O, Shiovitch Mantzuri G, Drotz I, Yehiel N, Naveh R, Schatz D, Haller M, Albanese-O'Neill A, Sheehan E, Leey J, Smith M, Jacobsen L, Adams J, Hosford J, Whyte L, Battelino T, Dovč K, Bratina N, Šmigoc Schweiger D, Sever U, Gianini A, Murn Berkopec B, Mali B, Weinzimer S, Weyman K, Carria L, Zgorski M, Danne T, Biester T, von dem Berge T, Weiskorn J, Kordonouri O, Biester S, Aschemeier B, Remus K, Pisarek N, Sibayan J, Beck R, Mouse T, Davis J, Bailey R, Hellmann A, Reese N, Calhoun P, Strayer H, Cohen N, Henderson R, Kollman C, Kennedy J, Woodall W, Mahr I, Hood K, Arreaza-Rubin G, Eggerman T, Green N, Janicek R, Gabrielson D, Belle S, Castle J, Green J, Legault L, Willi S, Wysham C, Eggerman T. A Comparison of Postprandial Glucose Control in the Medtronic Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Versus 670G. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2022, 24: 573-582. PMID: 35363054, PMCID: PMC9353997, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0568.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHybrid closed-loop systemGlucose levelsGlycemic controlGlycemic excursionsAdvanced hybrid closed-loop systemG armPostprandial glycemic excursionsPostprandial glycemic controlType 1 diabetesPostprandial glucose controlPrandial insulin deliveryTreatment armsCrossover trialGlucose controlMedtronic MiniMedSecondary analysisMeal sizeOvernight improvementInsulin deliveryHyperglycemiaOutcomesArmLevel 2HypoglycemiaPremealDasiglucagon demonstrates reduced costs in the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in a budget impact model
Hinahara J, Weinzimer SA, Bromley ER, Goss TF, Kendall DM, Hammer M. Dasiglucagon demonstrates reduced costs in the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in a budget impact model. Journal Of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy 2022, 28: 10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.4.461. PMID: 35332789, PMCID: PMC10373001, DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.4.461.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBudget impact modelHealth care resource utilizationSevere hypoglycemiaSH eventsGlucagon treatmentNasal glucagonUS commercial health planLower total health care costsSuccessful administrationTotal direct medical costsTotal health care costsPlasma glucose recoveryEmergency department visitsSevere hypoglycemic eventsInitial treatment successDirect medical costsCommercial health plansType 2 diabetesHealth care costsHealth economic modelEmergency medical servicesNative glucagonGlucagon analogsInjectable glucagonPrompt administrationCambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre 6-month randomised controlled trial
Ware J, Boughton CK, Allen JM, Wilinska ME, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, Thankamony A, Campbell FM, Wadwa RP, Buckingham BA, Davis N, DiMeglio LA, Mauras N, Besser REJ, Ghatak A, Weinzimer SA, Hood KK, Fox DS, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Hovorka R, Consortium D, Hovorka R, Acerini C, Thankamony A, Allen J, Boughton C, Dovc K, Dunger D, Ware J, Musolino G, Tauschmann M, Wilinska M, Hayes J, Hartnell S, Slegtenhorst S, Ruan Y, Haydock M, Mangat J, Denvir L, Kanthagnany S, Law J, Randell T, Sachdev P, Saxton M, Coupe A, Stafford S, Ball A, Keeton R, Cresswell R, Crate L, Cripps H, Fazackerley H, Looby L, Navarra H, Saddington C, Smith V, Verhoeven V, Bratt S, Khan N, Moyes L, Sandhu K, West C, Wadwa R, Alonso G, Forlenza G, Slover R, Towers L, Berget C, Coakley A, Escobar E, Jost E, Lange S, Messer L, Thivener K, Campbell F, Yong J, Metcalfe E, Allen M, Ambler S, Waheed S, Exall J, Tulip J, Buckingham B, Ekhlaspour L, Maahs D, Norlander L, Jacobson T, Twon M, Weir C, Leverenz B, Keller J, Davis N, Kumaran A, Trevelyan N, Dewar H, Price G, Crouch G, Ensom R, Haskell L, Lueddeke L, Mauras N, Benson M, Bird K, Englert K, Permuy J, Ponthieux K, Marrero-Hernandez J, DiMeglio L, Ismail H, Jolivette H, Sanchez J, Woerner S, Kirchner M, Mullen M, Tebbe M, Besser R, Basu S, London R, Makaya T, Ryan F, Megson C, Bowen-Morris J, Haest J, Law R, Stamford I, Ghatak A, Deakin M, Phelan K, Thornborough K, Shakeshaft J, Weinzimer S, Cengiz E, Sherr J, Van Name M, Weyman K, Carria L, Steffen A, Zgorski M, Sibayan J, Beck R, Borgman S, Davis J, Rusnak J, Hellman A, Cheng P, Kanapka L, Kollman C, McCarthy C, Chalasani S, Hood K, Hanes S, Viana J, Lanning M, Fox D, Arreaza-Rubin G, Eggerman T, Green N, Janicek R, Gabrielson D, Belle S, Castle J, Green J, Legault L, Willi S, Wysham C. Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre 6-month randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Digital Health 2022, 4: e245-e255. PMID: 35272971, DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00020-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClosed-loop groupInsulin pump therapyType 1 diabetesControl groupBaseline HbAUsual carePump therapyClosed-loop insulin deliverySuboptimal glucose controlPediatric diabetes centersKey inclusion criteriaClosed-loop insulin delivery systemPrimary endpointBlock randomisationDiabetes CenterGlucose controlInsulin delivery systemsInclusion criteriaPrimary analysisTherapyInsulin deliveryMonthsG pumpHbADiabetes
2021
Lived Experience of Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Hybrid Closed-Loop: Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perspectives
Hood KK, Laffel LM, Danne T, Nimri R, Weinzimer S, Sibayan J, Bailey RJ, Schatz D, Bratina N, Bello R, Punel A, Calhoun P, Beck RW, Bergenstal RM, Phillip M. Lived Experience of Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Hybrid Closed-Loop: Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perspectives. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2021, 23: 857-861. PMID: 34270328, PMCID: PMC9009590, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchYouth and parent preferences for an ideal AP system: It is all about reducing burden
Commissariat PV, Roethke LC, Finnegan JL, Guo Z, Volkening LK, Butler DA, Dassau E, Weinzimer SA, Laffel LM. Youth and parent preferences for an ideal AP system: It is all about reducing burden. Pediatric Diabetes 2021, 22: 1063-1070. PMID: 34324772, PMCID: PMC8530854, DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPredictors of Time-in-Range (70–180 mg/dL) Achieved Using a Closed-Loop Control System
Schoelwer MJ, Kanapka LG, Wadwa RP, Breton MD, Ruedy KJ, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Cobry EC, Messer LH, Cengiz E, Jost E, Carria L, Emory E, Hsu LJ, Weinzimer SA, Buckingham BA, Lal RA, Oliveri MC, Kollman CC, Dokken BB, Cherñavvsky DR, Beck RW, DeBoer MD, Gonder-Frederick L, Robic J, Voelmle M, Conschafter K, Morris K, Barnett C, Carr K, Hellmann J, Kime M, Todd Alonso G, Slover R, Berget C, Towers L, Lange S, Buckingham B, Maahs D, Lal R, Ekhlaspour L, Norlander L, Hood K, Town M, Weir C, Smith K, Hsu L, Shinksy D, Viana J, Cengiz E, Weinzimer S, Weyman K, Carria L, Zgorski M, Ruedy K, Beck R, Borgman S, Rusnak J, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Murphy C, Arreza-Rubin G, Green N, Kovatchev B, Brown S, Anderson S, Breton M, Laffel L, Pinsker J, Levy C, Kudva Y, Wadwa R, Buckingham B, Doyle III F, Renard E, Cobelli C, Reznik Y, Arreza-Rubin G, Lum J, Beck R, Ruedy K, Janicek R, Gabrielson D. Predictors of Time-in-Range (70–180 mg/dL) Achieved Using a Closed-Loop Control System. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2021, 23: 475-481. PMID: 33689454, PMCID: PMC8252894, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2020.0646.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlycemic controlLower TIROptimal glycemic controlType 1 diabetesPredictors of timeGreater improvementClinical characteristicsClinical predictorsFourth quartileMore insulinBody weightGlucose monitor dataExtension phaseMultivariate modelBolusStrongest predictorContinuous glucose monitor dataQuartileInsulinPredictorsChildrenParticipantsT1D.T1DDiabetesInnovative features and functionalities of an artificial pancreas system: What do youth and parents want?
Commissariat PV, Volkening LK, Butler DA, Dassau E, Weinzimer SA, Laffel LM. Innovative features and functionalities of an artificial pancreas system: What do youth and parents want? Diabetic Medicine 2021, 38: e14492. PMID: 33290599, PMCID: PMC9196947, DOI: 10.1111/dme.14492.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExtended Use of the Control-IQ Closed-Loop Control System in Children With Type 1 Diabetes.
Kanapka LG, Wadwa RP, Breton MD, Ruedy KJ, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Cengiz E, Schoelwer MJ, Jost E, Carria L, Emory E, Hsu LJ, Weinzimer SA, DeBoer MD, Buckingham BA, Oliveri M, Kollman C, Dokken BB, Cherñavvsky D, Beck RW. Extended Use of the Control-IQ Closed-Loop Control System in Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021, 44: 473-478. PMID: 33355258, PMCID: PMC7818334, DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1729.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesChildren 6Sensor-augmented pump therapyWeeks of useDiabetic ketoacidosisDays of useGlycemic controlSAP groupSevere hypoglycemiaPump therapyClinical trialsPercentage of timeCLC groupMean TIRDiabetesFurther evaluationCohortRCTsDlWeeksChildrenDaysExtended useParticipantsKetoacidosisA comparison of two hybrid closed-loop systems in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (FLAIR): a multicentre, randomised, crossover trial
Bergenstal RM, Nimri R, Beck RW, Criego A, Laffel L, Schatz D, Battelino T, Danne T, Weinzimer SA, Sibayan J, Johnson ML, Bailey RJ, Calhoun P, Carlson A, Isganaitis E, Bello R, Albanese-O'Neill A, Dovc K, Biester T, Weyman K, Hood K, Phillip M, Group F. A comparison of two hybrid closed-loop systems in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (FLAIR): a multicentre, randomised, crossover trial. The Lancet 2021, 397: 208-219. PMID: 33453783, PMCID: PMC9194961, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32514-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced hybrid closed-loop systemType 1 diabetesHybrid closed-loop systemMiniMed 670G systemGlucose levelsCrossover trialYoung adultsMultiple daily insulin injectionsSevere hypoglycaemic eventsDaily insulin injectionsComputer-generated sequencePermuted block designContinuous glucose monitoringBaseline HbACoprimary outcomesEndocrinology practiceHypoglycaemic eventsWashout periodHemoglobin levelsKidney diseaseMean ageInsulin injectionsProportion of timeContinuous glucose monitorImpaired awareness
2020
Insulin dose optimization using an automated artificial intelligence-based decision support system in youths with type 1 diabetes
Nimri R, Battelino T, Laffel LM, Slover RH, Schatz D, Weinzimer SA, Dovc K, Danne T, Phillip M. Insulin dose optimization using an automated artificial intelligence-based decision support system in youths with type 1 diabetes. Nature Medicine 2020, 26: 1380-1384. PMID: 32908282, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1045-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesInsulin dose adjustmentPhysician armDose adjustmentAcademic diabetes centerInsulin pump settingsPrimary efficacy measureSevere adverse eventsTarget glucose rangeInsulin pump therapyNon-inferiority trialArtificial intelligence-based decision support systemAdverse eventsInsulin titrationDiabetes CenterEfficacy measuresPump therapyPercentage of timePercentage of readingsGlucose levelsSix monthsContinuous glucose monitoring devicesDiabetesInsulin pumpGlucose monitoring devicesA Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Breton MD, Kanapka LG, Beck RW, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Cengiz E, Schoelwer M, Ruedy KJ, Jost E, Carria L, Emory E, Hsu LJ, Oliveri M, Kollman CC, Dokken BB, Weinzimer SA, DeBoer MD, Buckingham BA, Cherñavvsky D, Wadwa RP. A Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. New England Journal Of Medicine 2020, 383: 836-845. PMID: 32846062, PMCID: PMC7920146, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2004736.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesSensor-augmented insulin pumpClosed-loop groupGlucose levelsMedian percentageTarget rangeInsulin pumpInsulin deliveryParallel-group trialYears of ageContinuous glucose monitoringDiabetic ketoacidosisPrimary outcomeSevere hypoglycemiaHemoglobin levelsRandomized trialsGlycemic outcomesPercentage of timeChildren 6Control groupType 1DiabetesMean percentageGlucose monitoringTrials
2019
Sotagliflozin Added to Optimized Insulin Therapy Leads to Lower Rates of Clinically Relevant Hypoglycemic Events at Any HbA1c at 52 Weeks in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Danne T, Pettus J, Giaccari A, Cariou B, Rodbard H, Weinzimer S, Bonnemaire M, Sawhney S, Stewart J, Wang S, de Cassia Castro R, Garg S. Sotagliflozin Added to Optimized Insulin Therapy Leads to Lower Rates of Clinically Relevant Hypoglycemic Events at Any HbA1c at 52 Weeks in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2019, 21: 471-477. PMID: 31335194, PMCID: PMC6708262, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2019.0157.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSotagliflozin 200Insulin therapyHypoglycemia eventsRate of hypoglycemiaType 1 diabetesLevel 2 hypoglycemiaLower ratesImportant hypoglycemiaHypoglycemia ratesWeek 52Adult patientsGlycemic controlHypoglycemic eventsHypoglycemic rateClinical trialsInsulin treatmentPlaceboSotagliflozinHypoglycemiaType 1Phase 3PatientsTherapyWeeksAdults
2018
Psychosocial and Human Factors During a Trial of a Hybrid Closed Loop System for Type 1 Diabetes Management
Adams RN, Tanenbaum ML, Hanes SJ, Ambrosino JM, Ly TT, Maahs DM, Naranjo D, Walders-Abramson N, Weinzimer SA, Buckingham BA, Hood KK. Psychosocial and Human Factors During a Trial of a Hybrid Closed Loop System for Type 1 Diabetes Management. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2018, 20: 648-653. PMID: 30239219, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2018.0174.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsManagement distressHuman factorsTechnology attitudesGlycemic outcomesType 1 diabetes outcomesHybrid closed-loop systemPsychosocial factorsMultisite clinical trialTrial periodDistressTrial exposureFear of hypoglycemiaDiabetes careOutpatient settingDiabetes outcomesClinical trialsType 1Insulin deliveryTrialsAttitudesOutcomesT-testRegression analysisFurther investigationAdolescentsPredictive Low-Glucose Suspend Reduces Hypoglycemia in Adults, Adolescents, and Children With Type 1 Diabetes in an At-Home Randomized Crossover Study: Results of the PROLOG Trial
Forlenza GP, Li Z, Buckingham BA, Pinsker JE, Cengiz E, Wadwa RP, Ekhlaspour L, Church MM, Weinzimer SA, Jost E, Marcal T, Andre C, Carria L, Swanson V, Lum JW, Kollman C, Woodall W, Beck RW. Predictive Low-Glucose Suspend Reduces Hypoglycemia in Adults, Adolescents, and Children With Type 1 Diabetes in an At-Home Randomized Crossover Study: Results of the PROLOG Trial. Diabetes Care 2018, 41: dc180771. PMID: 30089663, DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0771.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesSAP armPredictive low glucose suspendSensor-augmented pump therapyNew insulin delivery systemsRandomized Crossover StudySevere hypoglycemic eventsGlucose concentrationMin/dayMean glucose concentrationLow glucose suspendBasal-IQRebound hyperglycemiaSlim X2Glycemic controlPrimary outcomeCrossover studyMedian timeCrossover trialHypoglycemic eventsPump therapyInsulin delivery systemsPercentage of timeHypoglycemiaDiabetes