Psychosocial status modifies the effect of maternal blood metal and metalloid concentrations on birth outcomes
Ashrap P, Aker A, Watkins D, Mukherjee B, Rosario-Pabón Z, Vélez-Vega C, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero J, Meeker J. Psychosocial status modifies the effect of maternal blood metal and metalloid concentrations on birth outcomes. Environment International 2021, 149: 106418. PMID: 33548848, PMCID: PMC7897320, DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106418.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdverse birth outcomesPsychosocial statusBirth outcomesBody mass indexPsychosocial stressPreterm birthOdds ratioAssociated with adverse birth outcomesPre-pregnancy body mass indexSecond-hand smoke exposurePrenatal psychosocial stressPregnant womenBlood metalsClusters of womenEffects of psychosocial stressPuerto Rico TestsiteIncreased odds ratioSocial supportPerceived stressMaternal educationAdverse associationOverall preterm birthLow birth weightSpontaneous preterm birthCohort study