Efficient designs of gene–environment interaction studies: implications of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and gene–environment independence
Chen J, Kang G, VanderWeele T, Zhang C, Mukherjee B. Efficient designs of gene–environment interaction studies: implications of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and gene–environment independence. Statistics In Medicine 2012, 31: 2516-2530. PMID: 22362617, PMCID: PMC3448495, DOI: 10.1002/sim.4460.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPresence of G-E interactionsG-E interactionsSubsample of casesGene-environmentHardy-Weinberg equilibriumG-E independenceGene-environment interaction studiesGene-environment independenceRandom subsampleGenetic susceptibility variantsCase-control sampleEnvironmental risk factorsSusceptibility variantsExternal control dataRisk factorsGenetic effectsWald statisticInteraction studiesSubsampleVariable EControl dataEnvironmental effectsIndependenceDataWald