2025
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Is Prognostic of Mortality in Acute Respiratory Failure
Hansell C, Aneis H, Kitsios G, Bain W, Zhao Y, Suber T, Evankovich J, Sharma L, Ramakrishnan S, Prendergast N, Hensley M, Malik S, Petro N, Patel J, Nouraie S, Dela Cruz C, Zhang Y, McVerry B, Shah F. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Is Prognostic of Mortality in Acute Respiratory Failure. Critical Care Explorations 2025, 7: e1247. PMID: 40126931, PMCID: PMC11936568, DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001247.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide levelsGlucagon-like peptide-1 levelsGlucose-dependent insulinotropic peptideAcute respiratory failureGlucagon-like peptide-1Respiratory failureIncretin levelsResponse biomarkersMeasure glucagon-like peptide-1Intestinal permeabilityPrognosticator of adverse outcomeSequential Organ Failure Assessment scoreCritical illnessOrgan Failure Assessment scorePeptide-1Acute respiratory distress syndromeAssociated with systemic inflammationMarkers of intestinal permeabilityCirculating interleukin-6 levelsHost response biomarkersSystemic host responseIncretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1Respiratory distress syndromeInterleukin-6 levelsCritically ill patientsThe other side of the incretin story: GIPR signaling in energy homeostasis
Nakandakari S, Fosam A, Perry R. The other side of the incretin story: GIPR signaling in energy homeostasis. Cell Metabolism 2025, 37: 1-3. PMID: 39778517, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.12.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsEnergy MetabolismGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHomeostasisHumansIncretinsObesityReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneSignal Transduction
2023
A Review of Incretin Therapies Approved and in Late-Stage Development for Overweight and Obesity Management
Chetty A, Rafi E, Bellini N, Buchholz N, Isaacs D. A Review of Incretin Therapies Approved and in Late-Stage Development for Overweight and Obesity Management. Endocrine Practice 2023, 30: 292-303. PMID: 38122931, DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.12.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansIncretinsObesityObesity ManagementOverweightReceptors, GlucagonWeight LossConceptsWeight-related complicationsGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptideReceptor agonistsIncretin therapiesGlucagon-like peptide-1Weight managementObesity managementLate-stage developmentOral GLP-1 receptor agonistSide effectsAssociated with weight regainReview clinical trial dataGLP-1 receptor agonistsDual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonistsGLP-1/GIP receptor agonistsWeeks of treatmentGastrointestinal side effectsClinical trial dataLevels of weight lossWeight reductionCombination therapyWeight regainClinical trialsTherapyPeptide-1Efficacy and safety of the dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide for weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
de Mesquita Y, Pera Calvi I, Reis Marques I, Almeida Cruz S, Padrao E, Carvalho P, da Silva C, Cardoso R, Moura F, Rafalskiy V. Efficacy and safety of the dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide for weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal Of Obesity 2023, 47: 883-892. PMID: 37460681, DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01337-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansHypoglycemic AgentsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicWeight LossConceptsMean differenceRandomized Controlled TrialsOdds ratioGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsMeta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPeptide-1 receptor agonistsControlled TrialsMeta-analysisCo-primary endpointsMethodsWe searched PubMedType 2 diabetesAgonist tirzepatideRisk of biasReview Manager 5.4.1Receptor agonistsReduced BMITherapeutic optionsWaist circumferenceAdverse eventsTirzepatideGastrointestinal symptomsPooled analysisGLP-1PlaceboWeight managementTriple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial
Jastreboff A, Kaplan L, Frías J, Wu Q, Du Y, Gurbuz S, Coskun T, Haupt A, Milicevic Z, Hartman M. Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. New England Journal Of Medicine 2023, 389: 514-526. PMID: 37366315, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2301972.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody weightPercentage changePlacebo groupEnd pointGlucagon-like peptide-1Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptideLower starting doseWeight-related conditionsCommon adverse eventsPlacebo-controlled trialPrimary end pointSecondary end pointsBody mass indexTreatment of obesityDose-dependent increaseDose-response relationshipWeight reductionStarting doseAdverse eventsInsulinotropic polypeptideHeart ratePeptide-1Side effectsGlucagon receptorWeeks
2022
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. Reply.
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Stefanski A. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. Reply. New England Journal Of Medicine 2022, 387: 1434-1435. PMID: 36239655, DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2211120.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, Kiyosue A, Zhang S, Liu B, Bunck MC, Stefanski A. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. New England Journal Of Medicine 2022, 387: 205-216. PMID: 35658024, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2206038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnti-Obesity AgentsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansInjections, SubcutaneousObesityTreatment OutcomeWeight LossConceptsBody weightTreatment discontinuationAdverse eventsGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsPeptide-1 receptor agonistsGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptidePercentage changeDose escalation periodWeight-related complicationsCommon adverse eventsCoprimary end pointsBody mass indexSubstantial global morbidityTreatment of obesityMean percentage changePercentage of participantsMean body weightWeight reductionCardiometabolic measuresTreat populationPlacebo groupWeek 72Mean BMIWeekly dosesDose escalationTirzepatide for diabetes: on track to SURPASS current therapy
Moura F, Scirica B, Ruff C. Tirzepatide for diabetes: on track to SURPASS current therapy. Nature Medicine 2022, 28: 450-451. PMID: 35260841, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01733-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes MellitusGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideHumansHypoglycemic Agents
2019
Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1–Mediated Mechanism
Galderisi A, Giannini C, Van Name M, Caprio S. Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1–Mediated Mechanism. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2019, 104: 3481-3490. PMID: 30938760, PMCID: PMC6599430, DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00161.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLean adolescentsGLP-1Insulin responseFructose consumptionBaseline oral glucose tolerance testGlucagon-like peptide-1 secretionOral glucose tolerance testGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptideHigher GLP-1Plasma glucose excursionsGLP-1 responsePeptide-1 secretionGlucose tolerance testIngestion of glucoseΒ-cell functionMeasures of glucoseEligible subjectsGlucose ingestionGlucose toleranceLean adultsAnorexic effectFructose challengeGreater insulinInsulinotropic polypeptideLean group
2008
Impact of Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide on Age‐Induced Bone Loss*
Ding K, Shi X, Zhong Q, Kang B, Xie D, Bollag WB, Bollag RJ, Hill W, Washington W, Mi Q, Insogna K, Chutkan N, Hamrick M, Isales CM. Impact of Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide on Age‐Induced Bone Loss*. Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research 2008, 23: 536-543. PMID: 18072880, PMCID: PMC2669161, DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.071202.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGlucoseMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicOsteoporosisConceptsGlucose-dependent insulinotropic peptideAge-induced bone lossBone marrow stromal cellsGIP receptor expressionBone lossBone massMo of ageGIP effectsInsulinotropic peptideReceptor expressionEffects of GIPBone strengthOsteoblastic activityAge-associated bone lossElevated GIP levelsFunctional GIP receptorsWildtype control miceBone histomorphometric dataC57BL/6 transgenic miceAge-dependent fashionAge-related decreaseAge-related lossDifferentiation of BMSCsAge-dependent mannerAge-related changes
2007
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide-overexpressing transgenic mice have increased bone mass
Xie D, Zhong Q, Ding KH, Cheng H, Williams S, Correa D, Bollag WB, Bollag RJ, Insogna K, Troiano N, Coady C, Hamrick M, Isales CM. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide-overexpressing transgenic mice have increased bone mass. Bone 2007, 40: 1352-1360. PMID: 17321229, DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.01.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBody CompositionBone DensityBone ResorptionGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideGene Expression RegulationMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicOrgan SpecificityReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneConceptsGlucose-dependent insulinotropic peptideBone massGIP receptorBone resorptionBone formationNutrient ingestionTransgenic miceGIP receptor knockout miceLow bone mass phenotypeReceptor knockout miceBone mass phenotypeSignificant increaseCollagen type I synthesisGIP levelsInsulinotropic peptideAnabolic hormonesOsteoclastic activityMouse modelDietary zincMass phenotypeKnockout miceReceptor signalingReceptors resultsMiceHormone
2006
Effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide on osteoclast function
Zhong Q, Itokawa T, Sridhar S, Ding KH, Xie D, Kang B, Bollag WB, Bollag RJ, Hamrick M, Insogna K, Isales CM. Effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide on osteoclast function. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2006, 292: e543-e548. PMID: 17003233, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00364.2006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlucose-dependent insulinotropic peptideBone resorptionNutrient ingestionGIP receptorOrgan culture systemBone breakdownEffects of GIPOsteoclast functionMature osteoclastsGlucose-induced insulin secretionGIP receptor transcriptsImmediate postprandial periodBone formationAnti-resorptive effectsGlucose-dependent insulinotropicIntestinal endocrine cellsOsteoclast resorptive activityPostprandial reductionIncretin hormonesInsulinotropic peptidePostprandial periodInsulin secretionResorptive activityOsteoclastic cellsReceptor transcripts
1994
A granulocyte inhibitory protein overexpressed in chronic renal disease regulates expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8.
Ziesche R, Roth M, Papakonstantinou E, Nauck M, Hörl W, Kashgarian M, Block L. A granulocyte inhibitory protein overexpressed in chronic renal disease regulates expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1994, 91: 301-305. PMID: 8278382, PMCID: PMC42935, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.1.301.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGranulocyte inhibitory proteinsInterleukin-6Chronic renal diseaseChronic renal failureProgression of glomerulosclerosisHuman mesangial cellsInhibitory proteinPluripotential effectsRenal failureRenal diseaseCytokine expressionIL-6IL-8Interleukin-8Inflammatory reactionGIP resultsGlomerular responseMesangial cellsC-jun mRNAC-fos geneC-JunDe novo synthesisNovo synthesisExpressionOverall effect
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