2025
Identifying risk factors for loss to follow-up in adults living with HIV in a high-burden district in Ghana
Mensah B, Mensah-Brown H, Partey F, Addo C, Buah G, Afudego G, Okyere D, Tetteh M, Boateng E, Wilson M, Paintsil E. Identifying risk factors for loss to follow-up in adults living with HIV in a high-burden district in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2025, 25: 1042. PMID: 40102895, PMCID: PMC11917097, DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22254-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFactors associated with LTFUHigh-burden districtsIdentified risk factorsRisk factorsAssociated with loss to follow-upPromote health literacyCare of personsBackgroundLoss to follow-upLoss to follow-upGlobal health initiativesAssociated with LTFULogistic regression modelsAntiretroviral therapyHealth literacyHIV careHealth initiativesFollow-upNo educationHIV clinicEffective interventionsEffectiveness of treatment strategiesLTFUHospital visitsCareMethodsA retrospective analysis
2020
764. Correlates of Lost to Follow-up Among Newly Diagnosed Older People with HIV in Ukraine
Allen A, Zeziulin O, Postnov O, Rozanova J, Litz T, Zaviryukha I, Kiriazova T, Shenoi S. 764. Correlates of Lost to Follow-up Among Newly Diagnosed Older People with HIV in Ukraine. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2020, 7: s427-s428. PMCID: PMC7777685, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.954.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHIV clinicSecond largest HIV epidemicMethods Retrospective chart reviewOlder peopleRetrospective chart reviewTime of diagnosisAdjusted odds ratioLargest HIV epidemicMultivariate logistic regressionHIV service deliveryResource-limited settingsCorrelates of lossHIV careART prescriptionChart reviewClinical characteristicsYounger patientsHIV outcomesMedian agePoor outcomeHIV epidemicOdds ratioFirst appointmentLTFUHIVOphthalmic Emergency Department Visits: Factors Associated With Loss to Follow-up
Chen EM, Ahluwalia A, Parikh R, Nwanyanwu K. Ophthalmic Emergency Department Visits: Factors Associated With Loss to Follow-up. American Journal Of Ophthalmology 2020, 222: 126-136. PMID: 32882220, PMCID: PMC8328190, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsED revisitsED visitsOphthalmic careOphthalmic conditionsSingle-institution retrospective cohort studyED revisit ratesIndex ED visitRetrospective cohort studyEmergency department dischargeQuarter of patientsMain outcome measuresTertiary health systemIndex visitCohort studyED presentationsPatients LTFUMultivariable analysisVisual acuityPrimary diagnosisMedical recordsRisk factorsLTFUOutcome measuresPrior historyPatientsMobility and structural barriers in rural South Africa contribute to loss to follow up from HIV care
Hannaford A, Moll AP, Madondo T, Khoza B, Shenoi SV. Mobility and structural barriers in rural South Africa contribute to loss to follow up from HIV care. AIDS Care 2020, 33: 1436-1444. PMID: 32856470, PMCID: PMC8043244, DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1808567.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV careRural South AfricaHIV transmissionLongitudinal HIV careViral load suppressionRisk of tuberculosisRural settingsStructural barriersART discontinuationPill fatigueMedian durationMixed-methods evaluationART accessMajor precipitantFuture interventionsCareDistant clinicsPLWHFamily needsConvenience samplingSocial supportMethods evaluationLTFUDiscontinuationMajor contributor
2019
Attrition of HIV-positive children from HIV services in low and middle-income countries.
Carlucci JG, Liu Y, Clouse K, Vermund SH. Attrition of HIV-positive children from HIV services in low and middle-income countries. AIDS 2019, 33: 2375-2386. PMID: 31764102, PMCID: PMC6905128, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002366.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-positive childrenHIV servicesAntiretroviral therapyMiddle-income countriesEarly ART initiationPatient support servicesOptimal health outcomesMeta-regression analysisART initiationLTFU definitionStudy eligibilityMagnitude of attritionEligibility criteriaHealth outcomesSystematic reviewRandom-effects meta-analytic methodsOverall attritionMeta-analytic methodsMultidatabase searchData extractionVulnerable populationsImplementation researchMonthsMost attritionLTFU
2017
Predictors of loss to follow-up among patients on ART at a rural hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Arnesen R, Moll AP, Shenoi SV. Predictors of loss to follow-up among patients on ART at a rural hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLOS ONE 2017, 12: e0177168. PMID: 28542309, PMCID: PMC5443492, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177168.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary health clinicsPredictors of lossART clinicsSouth African HIV clinicAntiretroviral therapy accessInadequate medical recordsCells/μLART initiationLow CD4LTFU ratesCD4 countHIV careHIV clinicHIV outcomesRetrospective reviewMedical recordsHealth clinicsTherapy accessHigh riskLTFUPatientsRural hospitalsRural South AfricaNovel interventionsClinicMobility and Clinic Switching Among Postpartum Women Considered Lost to HIV Care in South Africa
Clouse K, Vermund SH, Maskew M, Lurie MN, MacLeod W, Malete G, Carmona S, Sherman G, Fox MP. Mobility and Clinic Switching Among Postpartum Women Considered Lost to HIV Care in South Africa. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2017, 74: 383-389. PMID: 28225717, PMCID: PMC5324708, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001284.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV careNational Health Laboratory Service databaseLow CD4 cell countsNational Antiretroviral Therapy ProgramCD4 cell countObservational cohort studyAntiretroviral therapy programsAntiretroviral therapyCohort studyPostpartum womenPublic clinicsService databaseCell countTherapy programCareWomenLTFUClinicOne-thirdDaysPatientsPregnancyTherapy
2015
Pregnant women with HIV in rural Nigeria have higher rates of antiretroviral treatment initiation, but similar loss to follow-up as non-pregnant women and men
Aliyu MH, Blevins M, Megazzini KM, Parrish DD, Audet CM, Chan N, Odoh C, Gebi UI, Muhammad MY, Shepherd BE, Wester CW, Vermund SH. Pregnant women with HIV in rural Nigeria have higher rates of antiretroviral treatment initiation, but similar loss to follow-up as non-pregnant women and men. International Health 2015, 7: 405-411. PMID: 26012740, PMCID: PMC4654753, DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihv032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-pregnant womenPregnant womenPregnancy statusCumulative incidenceART-naïve patientsEarly ART initiationPost-ART initiationAntiretroviral therapy initiationDays of enrollmentART-naïve HIVAntiretroviral treatment initiationRural NigeriaART initiationHigher CD4Therapy initiationTreatment initiationClinical stageCox regressionPatient groupPregnant clientsHIVLTFUWomenHigh rateSex
2014
Two-Year Death and Loss to Follow-Up Outcomes by Source of Referral to HIV Care for HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Mozambique
Blevins M, José E, Bilhete FR, Vaz LM, Shepherd BE, Audet CM, Vermund SH, Moon TD. Two-Year Death and Loss to Follow-Up Outcomes by Source of Referral to HIV Care for HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Mozambique. AIDS Research And Human Retroviruses 2014, 31: 198-207. PMID: 25381732, PMCID: PMC4532902, DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSource of referralCombination antiretroviral therapyRural Zambézia ProvinceReferral sitesAntiretroviral therapyAntenatal careGeneral outpatient clinicCumulative incidence estimatesAdditional unmeasured factorsCART initiationHIV careHazard ratioPatient characteristicsHIV testingMedian ageVoluntary counselingCox regressionOutpatient clinicKaplan-MeierPatient populationMedication pickupPatient outcomesInpatient careLTFUIncidence estimates
2010
An Empirical Approach to Defining Loss to Follow-up Among Patients Enrolled in Antiretroviral Treatment Programs
Chi BH, Cantrell RA, Mwango A, Westfall AO, Mutale W, Limbada M, Mulenga LB, Vermund SH, Stringer JS. An Empirical Approach to Defining Loss to Follow-up Among Patients Enrolled in Antiretroviral Treatment Programs. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2010, 171: 924-931. PMID: 20219765, PMCID: PMC2850972, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntiretroviral therapyHIV-infected adultsAntiretroviral treatment programLTFU definitionTreatment cohortsPatient attritionLast appointmentPatient lossCohort membersLTFUConsensus criteriaTreatment programPatientsOne-thirdMore reliable comparisonsDaysAppointmentsTherapyCohortCliniciansMisclassificationMarginal differencesVisitsCare
2009
Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing Loss to Follow-up in HIV Treatment Programs: A Côte d'Ivoire Appraisal
Losina E, Touré H, Uhler LM, Anglaret X, Paltiel AD, Balestre E, Walensky RP, Messou E, Weinstein MC, Dabis F, Freedberg KA, AIDS F, investigators A. Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing Loss to Follow-up in HIV Treatment Programs: A Côte d'Ivoire Appraisal. PLOS Medicine 2009, 6: e1000173. PMID: 19859538, PMCID: PMC2762030, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000173.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV treatment programsResource-limited settingsPerson/yearART initiationAIDS Complications-International modelTreatment programWorld Health Organization criteriaAntiretroviral therapy initiationLTFU ratesHIV careTherapy initiationCumulative incidenceClinical benefitOrganization criteriaClinical impactLTFUPayer perspectiveCost of interventionInternational criteriaLife expectancyEfficacyInterventionPreventing LossCareSurvival loss
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