2022
Agreement of treatment effects from observational studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, or dexamethasone for covid-19: meta-epidemiological study
Moneer O, Daly G, Skydel JJ, Nyhan K, Lurie P, Ross JS, Wallach JD. Agreement of treatment effects from observational studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, or dexamethasone for covid-19: meta-epidemiological study. The BMJ 2022, 377: e069400. PMID: 35537738, PMCID: PMC9086409, DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069400.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 treatmentObservational studyMeta-epidemiological studyEfficacy outcomesLopinavir-ritonavirLiving reviewTreatment effectsCOVID-19 treatment guidelinesSame interventionCOVID-19Continuous outcomesMeta-analyze evidenceTrial sequential analysisSummary treatment effectsDistribution of sexTreatment guidelinesIndividual RCTsSelection of studiesEvidence DatabasePlacebo comparatorClinical dataStudy demographicsRCTsDichotomous outcomesTherapeutic interventions
2018
Dynamics of the HIV outbreak and response in Scott County, IN, USA, 2011–15: a modelling study
Gonsalves GS, Crawford FW. Dynamics of the HIV outbreak and response in Scott County, IN, USA, 2011–15: a modelling study. The Lancet HIV 2018, 5: e569-e577. PMID: 30220531, PMCID: PMC6192548, DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30176-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUndiagnosed HIV infectionHIV infectionUS National InstitutesHIV outbreakPublic health responseCase-finding rateNumber of infectionsNational InstituteHealth responseCumulative HIV incidenceHIV transmission ratesEarly public health responsesHarm reduction interventionsScott CountyPublic health emergencyHIV testingHIV incidenceHIV servicesUS CentersNascent epidemicsPrevention servicesInfectionDisease controlSame interventionDrug abuse
2006
Does Random Treatment Assignment Cause Harm to Research Participants?
Gross CP, Krumholz HM, Van Wye G, Emanuel EJ, Wendler D. Does Random Treatment Assignment Cause Harm to Research Participants? PLOS Medicine 2006, 3: e188. PMID: 16719548, PMCID: PMC1470665, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030188.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical outcomesTreatment assignmentRCT participantsClinical trialsTrial participantsRandom treatment assignmentPrimary study outcomeMeeting eligibility criteriaImproved patient outcomesSimilar health statusSubstandard medical careBaseline characteristicsPatient groupPatient outcomesEligibility criteriaHealth outcomesHealth statusEligible manuscriptsMedical careSystematic reviewSame interventionClinical researchStudy outcomesOutcomesSignificant differences
2000
Randomized, Controlled Trials, Observational Studies, and the Hierarchy of Research Designs
Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz R. Randomized, Controlled Trials, Observational Studies, and the Hierarchy of Research Designs. New England Journal Of Medicine 2000, 342: 1887-1892. PMID: 10861325, PMCID: PMC1557642, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200006223422507.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCase-control studyObservational studyBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccineCalmette-Guérin vaccineRandomized clinical trialsClinical topicsIndividual observational studiesEffect of vaccinationEffect of treatmentMEDLINE data baseActive tuberculosisControlled TrialsPercent confidence intervalsClinical trialsOdds ratioRelative riskSummary estimatesMajor medical journalsSame interventionTrialsResearch designConfidence intervalsHigh gradeTreatment effectsOriginal report
1998
Effect of supplementation with beta-carotene and vitamin A on lung nutrient levels.
Redlich CA, Blaner WS, Van Bennekum AM, Chung JS, Clever SL, Holm CT, Cullen MR. Effect of supplementation with beta-carotene and vitamin A on lung nutrient levels. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1998, 7: 211-4. PMID: 9521435.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsActive armRetinol levelsLung tissueExcess lung cancer mortalityLung cancer chemoprevention trialsLung retinol levelsRetinol Efficacy TrialLung tissue levelsLung cancer mortalityCancer chemoprevention trialsEffect of supplementationLung retinolChemoprevention trialsCancer mortalitySurgical controlEfficacy trialsCell levelVitamin ARetinyl palmitateSame interventionTissue levelsBiomarker studiesSupplementationInterventionTrials
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