Featured Publications
A randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of automated medication-targeted alerts on acute kidney injury outcomes
Wilson F, Yamamoto Y, Martin M, Coronel-Moreno C, Li F, Cheng C, Aklilu A, Ghazi L, Greenberg J, Latham S, Melchinger H, Mansour S, Moledina D, Parikh C, Partridge C, Testani J, Ugwuowo U. A randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of automated medication-targeted alerts on acute kidney injury outcomes. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 2826. PMID: 37198160, PMCID: PMC10192367, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38532-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryUsual care groupKidney injuryCare groupAcute Kidney Injury OutcomesAlert groupNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsComposite of progressionHours of randomizationMedications of interestAldosterone system inhibitorsClasses of medicationsProton pump inhibitorsRandomized clinical trialsAnti-inflammatory drugsClinical decision support systemNephrotoxic medicationsHospitalized adultsDiscontinuation ratesCertain medicationsPrimary outcomeSubstantial morbiditySystem inhibitorsPump inhibitorsParallel groupIdentification of Patients Expected to Benefit from Electronic Alerts for Acute Kidney Injury
Biswas A, Parikh CR, Feldman HI, Garg AX, Latham S, Lin H, Palevsky PM, Ugwuowo U, Wilson FP. Identification of Patients Expected to Benefit from Electronic Alerts for Acute Kidney Injury. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2018, 13: 842-849. PMID: 29599299, PMCID: PMC5989673, DOI: 10.2215/cjn.13351217.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2024
Observational study protocol for an arrhythmia notification feature
Kumar S, Weinstein J, Melchinger H, Smith A, Capodilupo E, Akar J, Garg K, O’Connor K, Staunton M, Martin M, Akhlaghi N, Edeh O, Perez S, Lee V, Lee K, Wilson F. Observational study protocol for an arrhythmia notification feature. BMJ Open 2024, 14: e075110. PMID: 38830741, PMCID: PMC11149124, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075110.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtrial fibrillationInstitution of appropriate treatmentGold standardClinical research journalsAssessment of risk factorsObservational study protocolRecruited participantsEthics BoardGeneral populationDiagnosed AFHealthy controlsPrimary outcomeAppropriate treatmentStudy protocolRisk factorsConsent documentsWHOOP strapParticipantsArrhythmiasDetect AFWearable technology
2023
Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020
Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Oikonomou E, Nargesi A, Wilson F, Krumholz H, Khera R. Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2316634. PMID: 37285157, PMCID: PMC10248745, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16634.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth Information National Trends SurveyUS adultsExacerbate disparitiesWearable device usersCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular healthPopulation-based cross-sectional studySelf-reported cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease risk factorsNational Trends SurveyOverall US adult populationCardiovascular risk factor profileSelf-reported accessAssociated with lower useUse of wearable devicesImprove cardiovascular healthLower household incomeLower educational attainmentUS adult populationRisk factor profileNationally representative sampleCross-sectional studyProportion of adultsTrends SurveyWearable device data
2022
Effect of intravenous antihypertensives on outcomes of severe hypertension in hospitalized patients without acute target organ damage
Ghazi L, Li F, Simonov M, Yamamoto Y, Nugent J, Greenberg J, Bakhoum C, Peixoto A, Wilson F. Effect of intravenous antihypertensives on outcomes of severe hypertension in hospitalized patients without acute target organ damage. Journal Of Hypertension 2022, 41: 288-294. PMID: 36583354, PMCID: PMC9799038, DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003328.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute target organ damageTarget organ damageSevere hypertensionOrgan damageIntravenous antihypertensivesBP elevationClinical outcomesMyocardial injuryTarget end-organ damageOverlap propensity scoreSevere BP elevationAcute kidney injuryBlood pressure reductionEnd-organ damageRisk of strokeInpatient hypertensionCardiovascular eventsIndex hospitalizationKidney injuryRetrospective studyHypertensionAntihypertensivesHospitalizationCox modelPatientsAssociation of vancomycin plus piperacillin–tazobactam with early changes in creatinine versus cystatin C in critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study
Miano TA, Hennessy S, Yang W, Dunn TG, Weisman AR, Oniyide O, Agyekum RS, Turner AP, Ittner CAG, Anderson BJ, Wilson FP, Townsend R, Reilly JP, Giannini HM, Cosgriff CV, Jones TK, Meyer NJ, Shashaty MGS. Association of vancomycin plus piperacillin–tazobactam with early changes in creatinine versus cystatin C in critically ill adults: a prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Medicine 2022, 48: 1144-1155. PMID: 35833959, PMCID: PMC9463324, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06811-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPiperacillin-tazobactamKidney biomarkersCystatin CAcute kidney injury riskProspective cohort studyCystatin C concentrationCystatin C measurementKidney function biomarkersCreatinine secretionAntibiotic initiationCohort studyProspective cohortIll adultsClinical outcomesAssociation of vancomycinAntibiotic treatmentTubular secretionCreatinine concentrationTreatment weightingResultsThe studyTrue injuryHigh incidenceCreatinineDay 14Early changesBlood pressure response to commonly administered antihypertensives for severe inpatient hypertension
Ghazi L, Li F, Chen X, Simonov M, Yamamoto Y, Biswas A, Hanna J, Shah T, Peixoto AJ, Wilson FP. Blood pressure response to commonly administered antihypertensives for severe inpatient hypertension. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0265497. PMID: 35385506, PMCID: PMC8985959, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265497.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHTN developmentSevere hypertensionOral hydralazineOral carvedilolIntensive care unit patientsBlood pressure elevationCare unit patientsAssociation of treatmentSingle healthcare systemAntihypertensive treatmentCommon antihypertensivesInpatient hypertensionOral amlodipinePrescribed antihypertensivesOral metoprololClinical characteristicsCohort studyUnit patientsBP responseHospitalized patientsPressure elevationBP changesLower BPHypertensionHydralazine
2021
REVeAL-HF Design and Rationale of a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Embedded Within Routine Clinical Practice
Ahmad T, Yamamoto Y, Biswas A, Ghazi L, Martin M, Simonov M, Hsiao A, Kashyap N, Velazquez EJ, Desai NR, Wilson FP. REVeAL-HF Design and Rationale of a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Embedded Within Routine Clinical Practice. JACC Heart Failure 2021, 9: 409-419. PMID: 33992566, DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.03.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeart failurePatient outcomesClinical decision makingN-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levelsPro-B-type natriuretic peptide levelsPragmatic Randomized Controlled TrialIntravenous diuretic agentsNatriuretic peptide levelsRandomized Controlled TrialsRoutine clinical practiceEvidence-based interventionsElectronic health recordsControlled TrialsPatient populationAccurate prognosticationCommon causeDiuretic agentsPeptide levelsClinical practicePg/TrialsHealth recordsSignificant riskMortalityOutcomesRationale and design of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project
de Boer IH, Alpers CE, Azeloglu EU, Balis UGJ, Barasch JM, Barisoni L, Blank KN, Bomback AS, Brown K, Dagher PC, Dighe AL, Eadon MT, El-Achkar TM, Gaut JP, Hacohen N, He Y, Hodgin JB, Jain S, Kellum JA, Kiryluk K, Knight R, Laszik ZG, Lienczewski C, Mariani LH, McClelland RL, Menez S, Moledina DG, Mooney SD, O’Toole J, Palevsky PM, Parikh CR, Poggio ED, Rosas SE, Rosengart MR, Sarwal MM, Schaub JA, Sedor JR, Sharma K, Steck B, Toto RD, Troyanskaya OG, Tuttle KR, Vazquez MA, Waikar SS, Williams K, Wilson FP, Zhang K, Iyengar R, Kretzler M, Himmelfarb J, Project K, Knight R, Lecker S, Stillman I, Waikar S, Mcmahon G, Weins A, Short S, Hacohen N, Hoover P, Aulisio M, Cooperman L, Herlitz L, O’Toole J, Poggio E, Sedor J, Jolly S, Appelbaum P, Balderes O, Barasch J, Bomback A, Canetta P, d’Agati V, Kiryluk K, Kudose S, Mehl K, Radhakrishnan J, Weng C, Barisoni L, Alexandrov T, Ashkar T, Barwinska D, Dagher P, Dunn K, Eadon M, Ferkowicz M, Kelly K, Sutton T, Winfree S, Menez S, Parikh C, Rosenberg A, Villalobos P, Malik R, Fine D, Atta M, Trujillo J, Slack A, Rosas S, Williams M, Azeloglu E, He C, Iyengar R, Hansen J, Parikh S, Rovin B, Anderton C, Pasa-Tolic L, Velickovic D, Lukowski J, Oliver G, Ardayfio J, Bebiak J, Brown K, Campbell T, Campbell C, Hayashi L, Jefferson N, Koewler R, Roberts G, Saul J, Shpigel A, Stutzke E, Wright L, Miegs L, Pinkeney R, Sealfon R, Troyanskaya O, Tuttle K, Dobi D, Goltsev Y, Lake B, Zhang K, Joanes M, Laszik Z, Schroeder A, Sarwal M, Sigdel T, Balis U, Blanc V, He O, Hodgin J, Kretzler M, Mariani L, Menon R, Otto E, Schaub J, Steck B, Lienczewski C, Eddy S, Elder M, Hall D, Kellum J, Kruth M, Murugan R, Palevsky P, Randhawa P, Rosengart M, Sims-Lucas S, Stefanick M, Stull S, Tublin M, Alpers C, de Boer I, Dighe A, Himmelfarb J, Mcclelland R, Mooney S, Shankland S, Williams K, Blank K, Carson J, Dowd F, Drager Z, Park C, Sharma K, Zhang G, Bansal S, Venkatachalam M, Kermani A, Lee S, Lu C, Miller T, Moe O, Park H, Sambandam K, Sanchez F, Torrealba J, Robert T, Vazquez M, Wang N, Gaut J, Jain S, Vijayan A, Luciano R, Moledina D, Ugochukwu U, Wilson F, Alfano S. Rationale and design of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project. Kidney International 2021, 99: 498-510. PMID: 33637194, PMCID: PMC8330551, DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryChronic kidney diseaseKidney Precision Medicine ProjectKidney biopsyKidney diseasePrecision Medicine ProjectKidney tissueMulticenter prospective cohort studyProtocol kidney biopsiesProspective cohort studyDeep clinical phenotypingPrecision medicine approachMedicine ProjectKidney injuryClinical characteristicsCohort studyClinical outcomesSubgroup analysisMorbid diseaseNovel therapiesPreventive strategiesClinical phenotypingDisease subgroupsToxic injuryPatientsA neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19
Meizlish ML, Pine AB, Bishai JD, Goshua G, Nadelmann ER, Simonov M, Chang CH, Zhang H, Shallow M, Bahel P, Owusu K, Yamamoto Y, Arora T, Atri DS, Patel A, Gbyli R, Kwan J, Won CH, Dela Cruz C, Price C, Koff J, King BA, Rinder HM, Wilson FP, Hwa J, Halene S, Damsky W, van Dijk D, Lee AI, Chun HJ. A neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19. Blood Advances 2021, 5: 1164-1177. PMID: 33635335, PMCID: PMC7908851, DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003568.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCritical illnessHealth system databaseNeutrophil activationCOVID-19Neutrophil activation signatureSevere COVID-19Intensive care unitGranulocyte colony-stimulating factorHigh mortality rateColony-stimulating factorSystem databaseHepatocyte growth factorClinical decompensationNeutrophil countImmune hyperactivationCare unitEarly elevationLipocalin-2Interleukin-8Longitudinal cohortClinical dataMortality ratePatientsIllnessActivation signatureSubtyping CKD Patients by Consensus Clustering: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Zheng Z, Waikar SS, Schmidt IM, Landis JR, Hsu CY, Shafi T, Feldman HI, Anderson AH, Wilson FP, Chen J, Rincon-Choles H, Ricardo AC, Saab G, Isakova T, Kallem R, Fink JC, Rao PS, Xie D, Yang W, Investigators C. Subtyping CKD Patients by Consensus Clustering: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2021, 32: 639-653. PMID: 33462081, PMCID: PMC7920178, DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020030239.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) StudyClinical end pointsKidney function markersCKD subgroupsBaseline characteristicsCohort studyFunction markersCardiovascular diseaseProspective Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort StudyEnd pointBaseline kidney functionPatient baseline characteristicsImportant clinical outcomesBone mineral densityPrecision medicineMultiple underlying causesDifferent risksDifferent risk profilesCKD patientsCKD progressionMore medicationsComposite outcomeClinical outcomesKidney functionAdverse outcomes
2020
Prediction of outcomes after acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients: protocol for a systematic review
Arora T, Martin M, Grimshaw A, Mansour S, Wilson FP. Prediction of outcomes after acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2020, 10: e042035. PMID: 33371041, PMCID: PMC7757434, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryPrediction of outcomeSystematic reviewKidney injuryOutcomes of AKIResolution of AKIProgression of AKILong-term outcomesBias assessment toolRisk of biasMultivariable predictive modelMeta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelinesPreferred Reporting ItemsFull-text reviewPrediction model RiskAKI careCohort studyNegative long-term outcomesThird reviewerReporting ItemsAbstract screeningComprehensive searchPatientsCommon diseaseData extractionGeographical affiliation with top 10 NIH-funded academic medical centers and differences between mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer
Angraal S, Caraballo C, Kahn P, Bhatnagar A, Singh B, Wilson FP, Fiuzat M, O'Connor CM, Allen LA, Desai NR, Mamtani R, Ahmad T. Geographical affiliation with top 10 NIH-funded academic medical centers and differences between mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. American Heart Journal 2020, 230: 54-58. PMID: 32950462, PMCID: PMC7734611, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.08.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiovascular mortality ratesMortality rateCardiovascular mortalityCancer mortalityCardiovascular diseaseMedical CenterIndex groupAnnual cardiovascular mortality rateCardiovascular mortality trendsCancer mortality ratesAcademic medical centerBenefit of patientsMortality trendsSociodemographic characteristicsMortalityIncremental benefitComparison groupNIH fundingImplementation scienceNIHHigh rateDiseaseRapid translationAverage declineResearch prioritiesResults from the TRIBE-AKI Study found associations between post-operative blood biomarkers and risk of chronic kidney disease after cardiac surgery
Menez S, Moledina DG, Garg AX, Thiessen-Philbrook H, McArthur E, Jia Y, Liu C, Obeid W, Mansour SG, Koyner JL, Shlipak MG, Wilson FP, Coca SG, Parikh CR. Results from the TRIBE-AKI Study found associations between post-operative blood biomarkers and risk of chronic kidney disease after cardiac surgery. Kidney International 2020, 99: 716-724. PMID: 32721447, PMCID: PMC8077034, DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEstimated glomerular filtration rateChronic kidney diseaseBaseline estimated glomerular filtration rateCardiac surgeryCKD incidenceKidney diseaseBlood biomarkersN-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptideDevelopment of CKDPro-B-type natriuretic peptideReplication cohortAcute kidney injury groupLong-term kidney outcomesKidney injury molecule-1Acute kidney injuryPrimary composite outcomeInjury molecule-1Post-operative levelsGlomerular filtration rateTumor necrosis factor receptor 1Necrosis factor receptor 1Basic fibroblast growth factorFactor receptor 1Fibroblast growth factorAKI studiesDevelopment and Validation of the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index: A Prognostic Tool for Early Clinical Decompensation
Haimovich AD, Ravindra NG, Stoytchev S, Young HP, Wilson FP, van Dijk D, Schulz WL, Taylor RA. Development and Validation of the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index: A Prognostic Tool for Early Clinical Decompensation. Annals Of Emergency Medicine 2020, 76: 442-453. PMID: 33012378, PMCID: PMC7373004, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.07.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedBetacoronavirusClinical Laboratory TechniquesCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19COVID-19 TestingEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOxygen Inhalation TherapyPandemicsPneumonia, ViralRespiratory InsufficiencyRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexYoung AdultConceptsCOVID-19 Severity IndexQuick COVID-19 severity indexQuick Sequential Organ Failure AssessmentSequential Organ Failure AssessmentOrgan Failure AssessmentHours of admissionRespiratory failureSeverity IndexScoring systemSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Bedside scoring systemOxygen requirementPneumonia severity scoresHours of hospitalizationElixhauser Comorbidity IndexEmergency department patientsSeverity Index scoreCOVID-19 patientsSyndrome coronavirus 2Coronavirus disease 2019Failure AssessmentSimple scoring systemIndependent test cohort
2019
Quantifying Donor Effects on Transplant Outcomes Using Kidney Pairs from Deceased Donors.
Kerr KF, Morenz ER, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Coca SG, Wilson FP, Reese PP, Parikh CR. Quantifying Donor Effects on Transplant Outcomes Using Kidney Pairs from Deceased Donors. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2019, 14: 1781-1787. PMID: 31676539, PMCID: PMC6895487, DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03810319.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDelayed graft functionKidney Donor Profile IndexExcess absolute riskGraft failureGraft functionExcess relative riskDeceased donorsTransplant outcomesClinical outcomesAbsolute riskRelative riskKidney pairsPost-transplant clinical outcomesProfile indexKidney graftsKidney transplantationOrgan qualityKidney donationOrgan procurementTransplantation NetworkAbstractTextOutcomesRiskTransplantKidneyPatient-Reported Outcome Measures for Adults With Kidney Disease: Current Measures, Ongoing Initiatives, and Future Opportunities for Incorporation Into Patient-Centered Kidney Care
Nair D, Wilson FP. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Adults With Kidney Disease: Current Measures, Ongoing Initiatives, and Future Opportunities for Incorporation Into Patient-Centered Kidney Care. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2019, 74: 791-802. PMID: 31492487, PMCID: PMC6875620, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.025.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsPatient-reported outcome measuresHealth care policyKidney diseaseClinical trialsOutcome measuresClinical careCare policyPerception of diseaseLaboratory markersPatient's symptomsKidney carePatient experienceNephrology communityPatient voiceNarrative overviewDiseaseCareSymptomsTrialsAdultsOngoing initiativesNephrologistsPatientsCliniciansElectronic Alerts for Acute Kidney Injury Amelioration (ELAIA-1): a completely electronic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial: design and rationale
Mutter M, Martin M, Yamamoto Y, Biswas A, Etropolski B, Feldman H, Garg A, Gourlie N, Latham S, Lin H, Palevsky PM, Parikh C, Moreira E, Ugwuowo U, Wilson FP. Electronic Alerts for Acute Kidney Injury Amelioration (ELAIA-1): a completely electronic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial: design and rationale. BMJ Open 2019, 9: e025117. PMID: 31154298, PMCID: PMC6549649, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025117.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryElectronic alertsMedical intensive care unitYale-New Haven HospitalDays of randomisationIntensive care unitElectronic alert systemNew Haven HospitalAppropriate ethics committeeElectronic medical record systemAKI alertsAKI progressionAlert specificityInpatient dialysisKidney injuryHospitalised patientsPeer-reviewed journalsUsual careInpatient deathMedical record systemPrimary outcomeCare unitExclusion criteriaOrder setsInformed consent
2017
Performance of Serum Creatinine and Kidney Injury Biomarkers for Diagnosing Histologic Acute Tubular Injury
Moledina DG, Hall IE, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Reese PP, Weng FL, Schröppel B, Doshi MD, Wilson FP, Coca SG, Parikh CR. Performance of Serum Creatinine and Kidney Injury Biomarkers for Diagnosing Histologic Acute Tubular Injury. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2017, 70: 807-816. PMID: 28844586, PMCID: PMC5701867, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.06.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAdultArea Under CurveBiomarkersCohort StudiesCreatinineCross-Sectional StudiesFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsFemaleHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1HumansInterleukin-18Kidney TransplantationKidney TubulesLipocalin-2MaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesROC CurveSeverity of Illness IndexTissue DonorsConceptsSevere acute tubular injuryAcute kidney injuryAcute tubular injuryTubular injurySCr concentrationNGAL concentrationsUrinary biomarkersDeceased donorsOrgan procurementMulticenter prospective cohortUrinary L-FABPUrinary NGAL concentrationsDeceased kidney donorsKidney injury biomarkersSerum creatinine concentrationPoor diagnostic performanceAKI casesAKI causesDonor hospitalizationKidney injuryProspective cohortSerum creatinineInjury biomarkersKidney biopsyIL-18Association of Alternative Approaches to Normalizing Peritoneal Dialysis Clearance with Mortality and Technique Failure: A Retrospective Analysis Using the United States Renal Data System-Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study, Wave 2
Boyle SM, Li Y, Wilson FP, Glickman JD, Feldman HI. Association of Alternative Approaches to Normalizing Peritoneal Dialysis Clearance with Mortality and Technique Failure: A Retrospective Analysis Using the United States Renal Data System-Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study, Wave 2. Advances In Peritoneal Dialysis 2017, 37: 85-93. PMID: 27680757, PMCID: PMC5448711, DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2015.00227.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedBlood Urea NitrogenCause of DeathCohort StudiesCreatinineDialysis SolutionsFemaleHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateKidney Failure, ChronicKidney Function TestsMaleMiddle AgedPeritoneal Dialysis, Continuous AmbulatoryProportional Hazards ModelsRegistriesRenal DialysisRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentSurvival AnalysisUnited StatesUreaConceptsKt/body surface areaKt/VBody surface areaTechnique failureHarrell's C-statisticPeritoneal urea clearanceC-statisticHazard ratioUrea clearanceUrine volumeUnited States Renal Data System Dialysis MorbidityBody mass index strataMortality Study Wave 2Peritoneal Kt/VUnited States Renal Data SystemIncident peritoneal dialysis patientsIdeal weightSignificant differencesCox proportional hazards modelPeritoneal dialysis clearanceMedian patient ageRetrospective cohort studyPeritoneal dialysis patientsGlomerular filtration rateOutcomes of mortality