2024
Tobacco smoking, smoking cessation and life expectancy among people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a simulation modelling study
Thielking A, Fitzmaurice K, Sewpaul R, Chrysanthopoulou S, Dike L, Levy D, Rigotti N, Siedner M, Wood R, Paltiel A, Freedberg K, Hyle E, Reddy K. Tobacco smoking, smoking cessation and life expectancy among people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a simulation modelling study. Journal Of The International AIDS Society 2024, 27: e26315. PMID: 38924347, PMCID: PMC11197963, DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26315.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMortality hazard ratioSmoking cessationLife yearsNever smoking statusLife expectancyVirologically suppressed PWHSmoking statusTobacco smokeIntegrate tobacco cessation interventionsMortality riskHazard ratioTobacco cessation interventionsSmoking cessation increasesTobacco-related illnessesImpact of tobacco smokingAntiretroviral therapyMortality risk increaseProportion of deathsChronic respiratory conditionsImpact of smokingCohort of PWHVirological non-suppressionCessation interventionsVirologic suppressionHIV care
2017
Do Less Harm: Evaluating HIV Programmatic Alternatives in Response to Cutbacks in Foreign Aid.
Walensky RP, Borre ED, Bekker LG, Hyle EP, Gonsalves GS, Wood R, Eholié SP, Weinstein MC, Anglaret X, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. Do Less Harm: Evaluating HIV Programmatic Alternatives in Response to Cutbacks in Foreign Aid. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2017, 167: 618-629. PMID: 28847013, PMCID: PMC5675810, DOI: 10.7326/m17-1358.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of lifeHIV transmissionHIV programsFuture incident casesSecond-line ARTHIV care continuumViral load monitoringAdverse clinical consequencesResource-limited nationsBase-case analysisCurrent standardHIV deathsIncident casesCôte d'IvoireCare continuumART efficacyClinical consequencesHIV detectionLess HarmHIVSocietal perspectiveProductivity costsNational InstituteDeathYears
2016
Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based TB/HIV Screening and Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa
Gilbert JA, Shenoi SV, Moll AP, Friedland GH, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP. Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based TB/HIV Screening and Linkage to Care in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2016, 11: e0165614. PMID: 27906986, PMCID: PMC5131994, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165614.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB/HIVTB/HIV controlHIV screeningHIV controlRural South AfricaLife yearsMonths of IPTMost life yearsHigh-incidence settingsWidespread prevalenceCost-effectiveness resultsProbabilistic sensitivity analysesHIV transmissionHigh burdenTreatment coverageUnknown patientsHIVHealthcare accessDrug resistanceActive casesMonthsLifetime usePatientsYearsScreeningThe Anticipated Clinical and Economic Effects of 90-90-90 in South Africa.
Walensky RP, Borre ED, Bekker LG, Resch SC, Hyle EP, Wood R, Weinstein MC, Ciaranello AL, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. The Anticipated Clinical and Economic Effects of 90-90-90 in South Africa. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2016, 165: 325-33. PMID: 27240120, PMCID: PMC5012932, DOI: 10.7326/m16-0799.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOverall virologic suppressionVirologic suppressionHIV transmissionYears of lifeMaternal orphansTarget strategyHIV/AIDS 90HIV case detectionIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioJoint United Nations ProgrammeHIV transmission ratesSouth African HIVCost of careCost-effectiveness ratioBase-case analysisAIDS 90Incident infectionsAfrican HIVUnited Nations ProgrammeCase detectionHIV detectionTreatment targetsSouth African survey dataRapid treatmentSocietal perspective
2015
Potential Clinical and Economic Value of Long-Acting Preexposure Prophylaxis for South African Women at High-Risk for HIV Infection
Walensky RP, Jacobsen MM, Bekker LG, Parker RA, Wood R, Resch SC, Horstman NK, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. Potential Clinical and Economic Value of Long-Acting Preexposure Prophylaxis for South African Women at High-Risk for HIV Infection. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2015, 213: 1523-1531. PMID: 26681778, PMCID: PMC4837902, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv523.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStandard prepSouth African womenPreexposure prophylaxisHIV infectionHigh riskHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionEffective prevention optionsAfrican womenImmunodeficiency virus infectionCost-saving interventionHIV infection riskYoung South African womenLikely clinical benefitInjectable PrEPPrEP formulationsEligible womenClinical benefitPotential ClinicalVirus infectionOutcome measuresPrEP strategiesProgram costsPrevention optionsSurvival rateGreater adherenceReducing Sexual Violence by Increasing the Supply of Toilets in Khayelitsha, South Africa: A Mathematical Model
Gonsalves GS, Kaplan EH, Paltiel AD. Reducing Sexual Violence by Increasing the Supply of Toilets in Khayelitsha, South Africa: A Mathematical Model. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0122244. PMID: 25923105, PMCID: PMC4414450, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122244.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2014
Mobile HIV Screening in Cape Town, South Africa: Clinical Impact, Cost and Cost-Effectiveness
Bassett IV, Govindasamy D, Erlwanger AS, Hyle EP, Kranzer K, van Schaik N, Noubary F, Paltiel AD, Wood R, Walensky RP, Losina E, Bekker LG, Freedberg KA. Mobile HIV Screening in Cape Town, South Africa: Clinical Impact, Cost and Cost-Effectiveness. PLOS ONE 2014, 9: e85197. PMID: 24465503, PMCID: PMC3898963, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085197.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioFacility-based testingHIV screeningHIV diagnosisFacility-based HIV testingFrequency of HIVUndiagnosed HIV prevalenceEarly HIV diagnosisLife expectancyMobile screening unitCost-effectiveness ratioResource-limited settingsCD4 countUndiagnosed HIVHIV testingHIV prevalenceCape TownClinical impactPopulation life expectancyMedical costsHIVScreening unitIntervention costsDiagnosisMedical facilities
2013
The Survival Benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa
April MD, Wood R, Berkowitz BK, Paltiel AD, Anglaret X, Losina E, Freedberg KA, Walensky RP. The Survival Benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2013, 209: 491-499. PMID: 24307741, PMCID: PMC3903379, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit584.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecond-line antiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral therapySurvival benefitAIDS Complications-International modelTotal survival benefitT-cell countsHuman immunodeficiency virusART initiationART rolloutUntreated patientsImmunodeficiency virusART availabilitySurvival differencesSuppressive efficacyCohortPatientsTherapyTotal numberRetention ratePersonsBenefitsCost-Effectiveness of HIV Treatment as Prevention in Serodiscordant Couples
Walensky RP, Ross EL, Kumarasamy N, Wood R, Noubary F, Paltiel AD, Nakamura YM, Godbole SV, Panchia R, Sanne I, Weinstein MC, Losina E, Mayer KH, Chen YQ, Wang L, McCauley M, Gamble T, Seage GR, Cohen MS, Freedberg KA. Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Treatment as Prevention in Serodiscordant Couples. New England Journal Of Medicine 2013, 369: 1715-1725. PMID: 24171517, PMCID: PMC3913536, DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa1214720.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEarly antiretroviral therapyHuman immunodeficiency virusAntiretroviral therapySerodiscordant couplesHIV transmissionHIV Prevention Trials Network 052 studyIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioCost-effectiveness ratioResource-limited settingsHIV infectionClinical benefitImmunodeficiency virusHIV treatmentLonger survivalOpportunistic diseasesEarly initiationFive yearsLifetime outcomesPublic healthSuch personsPatientsPeriodTherapyInfectionDisease
2011
The potential impact of an HIV vaccine with rapidly waning protection on the epidemic in Southern Africa: Examining the RV144 trial results
Andersson KM, Paltiel AD, Owens DK. The potential impact of an HIV vaccine with rapidly waning protection on the epidemic in Southern Africa: Examining the RV144 trial results. Vaccine 2011, 29: 6107-6112. PMID: 21736912, PMCID: PMC3164284, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.076.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBooster vaccinationHIV prevalencePopulation coverage levelsRV144 trialHIV vaccineCondom useContinuous vaccinationHIV vaccine regimenPopulation HIV prevalenceDuration of protectionCoverage levelsRV144 vaccineVaccine regimenHIV infectionHeterosexual transmissionModest efficacyVaccine efficacyUnvaccinated populationVaccination strategiesPartial efficacyEfficacy vaccineLower riskVaccinationBooster strategyVaccineThe Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Routine, Voluntary HIV Screening in South Africa
Walensky RP, Wood R, Fofana MO, Martinson NA, Losina E, April MD, Bassett IV, Morris BL, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. The Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Routine, Voluntary HIV Screening in South Africa. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2011, 56: 26-35. PMID: 21068674, PMCID: PMC3005842, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181fb8f24.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoluntary HIV screeningQuality-adjusted life yearsHIV screeningLife yearsHIV case detectionHIV testing costsTest acceptance rateIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioSubstantial clinical benefitIncidence/prevalenceOne-time screeningDirect medical costsLife expectancyQuality-adjusted life expectancyCost-effectiveness ratioAntiretroviral therapyAnnual incidenceClinical benefitHIV prevalenceClinical impactCase detectionMedical costsCare ratesHIVTest acceptance
2010
Scaling Up Circumcision Programs in Southern Africa: The Potential Impact of Gender Disparities and Changes in Condom Use Behaviors on Heterosexual HIV Transmission
Andersson KM, Owens DK, Paltiel AD. Scaling Up Circumcision Programs in Southern Africa: The Potential Impact of Gender Disparities and Changes in Condom Use Behaviors on Heterosexual HIV Transmission. AIDS And Behavior 2010, 15: 938-948. PMID: 20924783, PMCID: PMC3112296, DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9784-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeterosexual HIV transmissionCircumcision programsCondom useHIV infectionHIV transmissionRisk reduction counselingNew HIV infectionsMale condom useUncircumcised malesPrevention programsPopulation-level impactCondom use behaviorSexual partnershipsSafer sexCircumcisionMale transmissionInfectionCompartmental epidemic modelWomenSignificant benefitsGender disparitiesUse behaviorsYears
2009
When to start antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.
Walensky RP, Wolf LL, Wood R, Fofana MO, Freedberg KA, Martinson NA, Paltiel AD, Anglaret X, Weinstein MC, Losina E. When to start antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2009, 151: 157-66. PMID: 19620143, PMCID: PMC3092478, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-3-200908040-00138.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-HIV AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesComputer SimulationCost-Benefit AnalysisDecision TreesDisease ProgressionDrug Administration ScheduleHealth Care CostsHIV InfectionsHumansLife ExpectancySensitivity and SpecificitySouth AfricaTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationConceptsAntiretroviral therapyCD4 countLong-term survivalCells/LART initiationCells/L.ART initiation strategiesIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioSevere opportunistic diseaseDoris Duke Charitable FoundationLife expectancyCD4 count thresholdHIV treatment decisionsCost-effectiveness ratioInternational clinical trialsBase-case analysisResource-limited settingsYears of lifeCost-effectiveness analysisPerson's life expectancyObservational cohortCD4 thresholdHIV diseaseTreatment guidelinesEarly therapyHIV Testing Rates and Outcomes in a South African Community, 2001-2006: Implications for Expanded Screening Policies
April MD, Walensky RP, Chang Y, Pitt J, Freedberg KA, Losina E, Paltiel AD, Wood R. HIV Testing Rates and Outcomes in a South African Community, 2001-2006: Implications for Expanded Screening Policies. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2009, 51: 310-316. PMID: 19582895, PMCID: PMC3209660, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181a248e6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsART initiation ratesHIV testing ratesAntiretroviral treatmentTesting ratesHIV testingWorld Health Organization stageProvider-initiated testingFirst-time testersWorld Health Organization recommendationsMonths of eligibilityHigh-prevalence populationsHealth care facilitiesProportion of clientsMedian CD4Testing registersAnnual incidenceHIV servicesLate diagnosisPrevalence populationsTreatment trendsCare facilitiesStage distributionScreening policiesPatient recordsPopulation testing
2008
Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: The Impact of Speed on Survival
Walensky RP, Wood R, Weinstein MC, Martinson NA, Losina E, Fofana MO, Goldie SJ, Divi N, Yazdanpanah Y, Wang B, Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA. Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa: The Impact of Speed on Survival. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2008, 197: 1324-1332. PMID: 18422445, PMCID: PMC2423492, DOI: 10.1086/587184.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntiretroviral therapyEligible human immunodeficiency virusEffective antiretroviral therapyHuman immunodeficiency virusNeed of therapyHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusPatient outcomesAdult cohortDeath rateART scaleTherapyCumulative deathsTreatment slotsDeathRapid scaleHIVPatientsCohortInfectionMortality
2007
Predicting the Impact of a Partially Effective HIV Vaccine and Subsequent Risk Behavior Change on the Heterosexual HIV Epidemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Andersson KM, Owens DK, Vardas E, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, Paltiel AD. Predicting the Impact of a Partially Effective HIV Vaccine and Subsequent Risk Behavior Change on the Heterosexual HIV Epidemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2007, 46: 78-90. PMID: 17589368, PMCID: PMC3570247, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31812506fd.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEffective HIV vaccineHIV prevalenceHIV vaccineCondom useHIV infectionRisk behaviorsFuture HIV prevalenceTotal HIV infectionsHeterosexual HIV epidemicSuccessful vaccination campaignsRisk behavior changeVaccination statusMiddle-income countriesVaccinated individualsVaccination coverageDisease stageVaccine efficacyHIV epidemicVaccination scenariosVaccination campaignHigh riskAdult populationVaccinePrevalenceInfection