2022
HIV Compartmentalization in the CNS and Its Impact in Treatment Outcomes and Cure Strategies
Chan P, Spudich S. HIV Compartmentalization in the CNS and Its Impact in Treatment Outcomes and Cure Strategies. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2022, 19: 207-216. PMID: 35536438, PMCID: PMC10590959, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00605-1.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsCentral Nervous SystemHIV InfectionsHIV SeropositivityHIV-1HumansRNA, ViralTreatment OutcomeViral LoadConceptsHIV-1 escapeAntiretroviral therapyCentral nervous system reservoirHIV-1 infection resultsStable antiretroviral therapyCerebrospinal fluid findingsWorse neurocognitive performanceTreatment interruption studiesHIV compartmentalizationCNS reservoirsCure strategiesChronic infectionTreatment outcomesCells persistRecent FindingsComparedInfection resultsReviewThis reviewViral variantsViral replicationSummaryFuture studiesNeurocognitive performanceInterruption studiesSystemic reservoirInfected cellsLongitudinal benefits
2019
Slowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3
Sandhu MR, Rutledge R, Grant M, Mahajan A, Spudich S. Slowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3. International Journal Of STD & AIDS 2019, 30: 810-813. PMID: 31046614, DOI: 10.1177/0956462419835966.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveBrainCD4 Lymphocyte CountDisease ProgressionDystonic DisordersFatal OutcomeHIV InfectionsHumansImmune Reconstitution Inflammatory SyndromeJC VirusLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleTreatment OutcomeConceptsImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromePML-IRISAntiretroviral therapyCell countInflammatory syndromeInitiation of ARTHIV/AIDS patientsReconstitution inflammatory syndromeRobust immune reconstitutionCells/mm3Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyRole of CD4Blood-brain barrierCells/Antiretroviral initiationInflammatory picturePersistent positivityImmune reconstitutionMultifocal leukoencephalopathyNeurological symptomsOpportunistic infectionsAIDS patientsVirus antigenImmune responseJC virus
2016
Cognitive Impairment and Persistent CNS Injury in Treated HIV
Chan P, Hellmuth J, Spudich S, Valcour V. Cognitive Impairment and Persistent CNS Injury in Treated HIV. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2016, 13: 209-217. PMID: 27188299, PMCID: PMC4977199, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-016-0319-7.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsCentral nervous systemCombination antiretroviral therapyCognitive impairmentPersistent immune activationPre-cART eraPlasma HIV RNACD8 encephalitisHIV biomarkersTreated HIVAntiretroviral therapyCNS involvementHIV RNAHIV infectionImaging findingsImmune activationCNS injuryHIV StudyChronic illnessNervous systemViral invasionCognitive outcomesCognitive manifestationsCognitive changesInfectionImpairment
2015
Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy
Kore I, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Paul R, Reynolds J, Tipsuk S, Ubolyam S, Rattanamanee S, Jagodzinski L, Kim J, Spudich S. Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2015, 70: 393-399. PMID: 26509933, PMCID: PMC4625393, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000746.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2012
Change in Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy after Treatment during Acute HIV Infection
Sailasuta N, Ross W, Ananworanich J, Chalermchai T, DeGruttola V, Lerdlum S, Pothisri M, Busovaca E, Ratto-Kim S, Jagodzinski L, Spudich S, Michael N, Kim JH, Valcour V, Phanuphak N, Teeratakulpisarn N, Fletcher J, Suttichom D, Pinyakorn S, Rattanamanee S, Chomchey N, Mangum P, Ubolyam S, Suwanwela N, Chaisinanunkul N, Suthiponpaisan U, Sutthapas C, deSouza M, Ngauy V, Trichavaroj R, Akapirat S, Marovich M, Wendelken L, Busovaca E, Liu C, Mun E, Miller B. Change in Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy after Treatment during Acute HIV Infection. PLOS ONE 2012, 7: e49272. PMID: 23229129, PMCID: PMC3500278, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049272.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOccipital gray matterAntiretroviral therapyHIV infectionFrontal gray matterFrontal white matterN-acetyl aspartateBasal gangliaControl subjectsGray matterHIV-negative control subjectsInitiation of ARTSingle-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopyBrain magnetic resonance spectroscopyAcute HIV infectionEarly antiretroviral therapyBrain metabolite levelsNegative control subjectsProton magnetic resonance spectroscopyMagnetic resonance spectroscopyHIV subjectsBrain inflammationNeuronal injuryHIV casesCNS injuryCellular inflammation
2010
HIV-1 Viral Escape in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Subjects on Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment
Edén A, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Spudich S, Svennerholm B, Price RW, Gisslén M. HIV-1 Viral Escape in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Subjects on Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2010, 202: 1819-1825. PMID: 21050119, PMCID: PMC3052942, DOI: 10.1086/657342.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 RNAAntiretroviral therapy regimensCerebrospinal fluidViral escapeTherapy regimensPlasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNACSF HIV-1 RNAHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNACentral nervous system infectionCSF neopterin levelsCSF viral escapeHigher CSF neopterinIntrathecal immune activationPrevious treatment interruptionsSuppressive antiretroviral treatmentAtazanavir/ritonavirLopinavir/ritonavirNervous system infectionCSF virusNew treatment combinationsCopies/mLEnzyme-linked immunosorbentPolymerase chain reaction assaysCSF escapeCSF neopterin
2006
Treatment Benefit on Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV‐1 Levels in the Setting of Systemic Virological Suppression and Failure
Spudich S, Lollo N, Liegler T, Deeks SG, Price RW. Treatment Benefit on Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV‐1 Levels in the Setting of Systemic Virological Suppression and Failure. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2006, 194: 1686-1696. PMID: 17109340, DOI: 10.1086/508750.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 RNA levelsCSF HIV-1 RNA levelsPlasma HIV-1 RNA levelsRNA levelsAntiretroviral therapyCSF inflammationCopies/Successful therapyPlasma HIV-1 RNA assaysHIV-1 RNA assaysHIV-1-infected subjectsSuppressive combination antiretroviral therapyDrug resistanceHIV-1 levelsCombination antiretroviral therapyHIV-negative subjectsGenotypic resistance testingFailure of therapyHuman immunodeficiency virusCopies/mLSubset of subjectsActive neurological diseaseCross-sectional analysisVirological suppressionImmunodeficiency virusPrevalence of CXCR4 Tropism among Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-1–Infected Patients with Detectable Viremia
Hunt PW, Harrigan PR, Huang W, Bates M, Williamson DW, McCune JM, Price RW, Spudich SS, Lampiris H, Hoh R, Leigler T, Martin JN, Deeks SG. Prevalence of CXCR4 Tropism among Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-1–Infected Patients with Detectable Viremia. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2006, 194: 926-930. PMID: 16960780, DOI: 10.1086/507312.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT-cell countsX4-tropic virusesCXCR4-tropic virusesDetectable viremiaCell countUntreated human immunodeficiency virusHIV-1-infected patientsClinic-based cohortTreatment-naive participantsT-cell depletionHuman immunodeficiency virusViral coreceptor usageCXCR4 tropismSalvage therapySignificant CD4Advanced immunodeficiencyImmunodeficiency virusCell depletionCoreceptor usageCCR5 inhibitorsLow pretreatmentViremiaCD4VirusPatients