1988
Adolescent smoking: research and health policy.
Cleary P, Hitchcock J, Semmer N, Flinchbaugh L, Pinney J. Adolescent smoking: research and health policy. Milbank Quarterly 1988, 66: 137-71. PMID: 3050419, DOI: 10.2307/3349988.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1987
Adolescent smoking from a functional perspective: The Berlin-Bremen Study
Semmer N, Dwyer J, Lippert P, Fuchs R, Cleary P, Schindler A. Adolescent smoking from a functional perspective: The Berlin-Bremen Study. European Journal Of Psychology Of Education 1987, 2: 387. DOI: 10.1007/bf03172623.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSmoking behaviorSelf-reported smoking behaviorDifferent educational strataAffective effectsYoung adolescentsAdolescent smokingOlder adolescentsEighth gradersPeer groupSmoking onsetRegular smokingLongitudinal dataAdequate validityHealth behaviorsAdolescentsFunctional perspectiveBest predictorDirect functionExpectationsGradersBehaviorRates of smokingPredictorsIndirect functionSmoking