2023
Future therapies for cystic fibrosis
Allen L, Allen L, Carr S, Davies G, Downey D, Egan M, Forton J, Gray R, Haworth C, Horsley A, Smyth A, Southern K, Davies J. Future therapies for cystic fibrosis. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 693. PMID: 36755044, PMCID: PMC9907205, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36244-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorGenetic TherapyHumansMutationConceptsMutation-specific drugsCystic fibrosisSymptom-directed treatmentMultisystem clinical manifestationsCystic fibrosis therapyCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorGenetic variantsClinical manifestationsFuture therapiesFibrosis therapyTranslational research collaborationsModulator drugsCFTR modulatorsSingle gene disordersHealth inequalitiesTherapyGene variantsImproved treatmentDrugsPatientsFibrosisFibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorGene disordersTransmembrane conductance regulatorStrategy group
2022
Recruited monocytes/macrophages drive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and irreversible lung tissue remodeling in cystic fibrosis
Öz H, Cheng E, Di Pietro C, Tebaldi T, Biancon G, Zeiss C, Zhang P, Huang P, Esquibies S, Britto C, Schupp J, Murray T, Halene S, Krause D, Egan M, Bruscia E. Recruited monocytes/macrophages drive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and irreversible lung tissue remodeling in cystic fibrosis. Cell Reports 2022, 41: 111797. PMID: 36516754, PMCID: PMC9833830, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111797.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorHumansInflammationLungMacrophagesMiceMonocytesPneumoniaReceptors, ChemokineTransforming Growth Factor betaConceptsC motif chemokine receptor 2Monocytes/macrophagesLung tissue damageCystic fibrosisTissue damageCF lungPulmonary neutrophilic inflammationPro-inflammatory environmentChemokine receptor 2CF lung diseaseNumber of monocytesSpecific therapeutic agentsGrowth factor βCF transmembrane conductance regulatorLung hyperinflammationLung neutrophiliaNeutrophilic inflammationNeutrophil inflammationInflammation contributesLung damageNeutrophil recruitmentLung diseaseLung tissueReceptor 2Therapeutic targetNon-Modulator Therapies Developing a Therapy for Every Cystic Fibrosis Patient
Egan M. Non-Modulator Therapies Developing a Therapy for Every Cystic Fibrosis Patient. Clinics In Chest Medicine 2022, 43: 717-725. PMID: 36344076, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorGenetic TherapyHumansMutationConceptsModulator therapyCystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapiesCFTR modulator therapyTreatment of CFCystic fibrosis patientsGenetic-based therapiesMost patientsCF patientsFibrosis patientsTherapyPremature termination codon mutationsTherapeutic agentsPatientsDNA therapyRNA therapyTermination codon mutationsCodon mutation
2021
Emerging technologies for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator restoration in all people with CF
Egan ME. Emerging technologies for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator restoration in all people with CF. Pediatric Pulmonology 2021, 56: s32-s39. PMID: 32681713, PMCID: PMC8114183, DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24965.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorGenetic TherapyHumansMutationRNA, Messenger
2020
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor modulator therapy in cystic fibrosis, an update.
Egan ME. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor modulator therapy in cystic fibrosis, an update. Current Opinion In Pediatrics 2020, 32: 384-388. PMID: 32374578, DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000892.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAminophenolsBenzodioxolesChildCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorHumansIndolesMutationPyrazolesPyridinesPyrrolidinesQuality of LifeQuinolonesTreatment OutcomeConceptsModulator therapyCystic fibrosisCFTR modulatorsLung functionElexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftorEffective CFTR modulatorsEffective triple therapyTezacaftor/ivacaftorMonths of ageQuality of lifeCystic fibrosis patientsLong-term usePulmonary exacerbationsTriple therapyFirst therapyLong-term benefitsReceptor modulatorsFibrosisFibrosis patientsTherapyUnderlying causeWeight gainPatientsImproved healthCFTR mutations
2017
Ezrin links CFTR to TLR4 signaling to orchestrate anti-bacterial immune response in macrophages
Di Pietro C, Zhang PX, O’Rourke T, Murray TS, Wang L, Britto CJ, Koff JL, Krause DS, Egan ME, Bruscia EM. Ezrin links CFTR to TLR4 signaling to orchestrate anti-bacterial immune response in macrophages. Scientific Reports 2017, 7: 10882. PMID: 28883468, PMCID: PMC5589856, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11012-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCell LineCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorCytoskeletal ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalMacrophage ActivationMacrophagesMicePhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas InfectionsSignal TransductionToll-Like Receptor 4ConceptsCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorPI3K/AktFibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorTransmembrane conductance regulatorPI3K/Akt signalingConductance regulatorAnti-bacterial immune responseAkt signalingAltered localizationEzrinCystic fibrosis diseaseMφ activationAktProtein levelsFibrosis diseaseActivationImmune regulationPhagocytosisInductionDirect linkSignalingRegulatorImmune responseMΦMacrophagesEffects of Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in a Pediatric Cohort Homozygous for F508del-CFTR
Egan ME. Effects of Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in a Pediatric Cohort Homozygous for F508del-CFTR. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2017, 195: 849-850. PMID: 28362199, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2290ed.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAminophenolsAminopyridinesBenzodioxolesChildCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorHumansQuinolones
2016
Increased susceptibility of Cftr−/− mice to LPS-induced lung remodeling
Bruscia E, Zhang P, Barone C, Scholte BJ, Homer R, Krause D, Egan ME. Increased susceptibility of Cftr−/− mice to LPS-induced lung remodeling. American Journal Of Physiology - Lung Cellular And Molecular Physiology 2016, 310: l711-l719. PMID: 26851259, PMCID: PMC4836110, DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00284.2015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAirway RemodelingAnimalsChemokine CXCL10Cystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorLipopolysaccharidesLungMice, 129 StrainMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred CFTRMice, KnockoutPneumoniaRespiratory MucosaConceptsLung pathologyCF miceImmune responseWT miceChronic inflammationCystic fibrosisAbnormal immune responseChronic pulmonary infectionPersistent immune responseWild-type littermatesCF mouse modelsPseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharideCF lung pathologyPulmonary infectionChronic administrationLPS exposurePersistent inflammationLung remodelingWT littermatesLung tissueOverall pathologyMouse modelInflammationChronic exposureBacterial products
2015
Genetics of Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Implications
Egan ME. Genetics of Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Implications. Clinics In Chest Medicine 2015, 37: 9-16. PMID: 26857764, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2015.11.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorDisease ProgressionDNADNA Mutational AnalysisHumansMutationPhenotypeConceptsCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) proteinMutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) proteinRegulator proteinMutational classesModifier genesFunctional consequencesCFTR functionCFTR geneRecessive genetic disorderRespiratory phenotypeGenesSpecific CF genotypesAutosomal recessive genetic disorderGenetic disordersCFTR genotypeCystic fibrosisGenotypesGeneticsProteinCF genotypeMutationsPhenotypeNew therapiesVariantsNanoparticles that deliver triplex-forming peptide nucleic acid molecules correct F508del CFTR in airway epithelium
McNeer NA, Anandalingam K, Fields RJ, Caputo C, Kopic S, Gupta A, Quijano E, Polikoff L, Kong Y, Bahal R, Geibel JP, Glazer PM, Saltzman WM, Egan ME. Nanoparticles that deliver triplex-forming peptide nucleic acid molecules correct F508del CFTR in airway epithelium. Nature Communications 2015, 6: 6952. PMID: 25914116, PMCID: PMC4480796, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7952.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCell LineChloridesCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorDNA-Binding ProteinsGenetic TherapyHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansLactic AcidMice, Inbred C57BLNanoparticlesPeptide Nucleic AcidsPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerPolymersRespiratory MucosaConceptsFacile genome engineeringVivo gene deliveryBiodegradable polymer nanoparticlesTransient gene expressionNanoparticle systemsGene deliveryPolymer nanoparticlesGene correctionGenome engineeringNanoparticlesOff-target effectsPeptide nucleic acidLethal genetic disorderNucleic acidsDonor DNATarget effectsIntranasal deliveryDeliveryCystic fibrosisEngineeringOligonucleotideChloride effluxHuman cellsAirway epitheliumLung tissue
2013
Reduced Caveolin-1 Promotes Hyperinflammation due to Abnormal Heme Oxygenase-1 Localization in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Macrophages with Dysfunctional Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator
Zhang PX, Murray TS, Villella VR, Ferrari E, Esposito S, D'Souza A, Raia V, Maiuri L, Krause DS, Egan ME, Bruscia EM. Reduced Caveolin-1 Promotes Hyperinflammation due to Abnormal Heme Oxygenase-1 Localization in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Macrophages with Dysfunctional Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. The Journal Of Immunology 2013, 190: 5196-5206. PMID: 23606537, PMCID: PMC3711148, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201607.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAnimalsCaveolin 1Cells, CulturedChildChild, PreschoolCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorFemaleHeme Oxygenase-1HumansInflammationLipopolysaccharidesLung DiseasesMacrophagesMaleMembrane ProteinsMiceMice, KnockoutNasal PolypsReactive Oxygen SpeciesSignal TransductionToll-Like Receptor 4Young AdultConceptsCav-1 expressionHeme oxygenase-1Dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorCell surfaceFibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorProtein caveolin-1Cellular redox statusCell surface localizationCellular oxidative stateTransmembrane conductance regulatorHO-1 enzymePositive feed-forward loopCystic fibrosis macrophagesNegative regulatorCaveolin-1Conductance regulatorCell survivalHO-1 deliverySurface localizationRedox statusMΦ responsesHO-1/CO pathwayPathwayPotential target
2011
Calcium-Modulated Chloride Pathways Contribute to Chloride Flux in Murine Cystic Fibrosis-Affected Macrophages
Shenoy A, Kopic S, Murek M, Caputo C, Geibel JP, Egan ME. Calcium-Modulated Chloride Pathways Contribute to Chloride Flux in Murine Cystic Fibrosis-Affected Macrophages. Pediatric Research 2011, 70: 447-452. PMID: 21796019, PMCID: PMC3189336, DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31822f2448.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalciumCarbacholChloridesCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorFluorescent DyesMacrophagesMiceQuinolinium CompoundsThapsigarginConceptsCystic fibrosisWT macrophagesCF macrophagesExtracellular Ca2CAMP-activated chloride channelCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) proteinContribution of CFTRIon transport abnormalitiesResult of mutationsContribution of calciumRegulator proteinRobust inflammationChronic infectionMacrophage dysfunctionMacrophage functionIntracellular Ca2Transport abnormalitiesMacrophagesChloride channelsMethoxy-quinolinium bromideCFTRinh-172Fluorescent indicator dyesFibrosisPathwayCFTR
2009
Partial Correction of Cystic Fibrosis Defects with PLGA Nanoparticles Encapsulating Curcumin
Cartiera MS, Ferreira EC, Caputo C, Egan ME, Caplan MJ, Saltzman WM. Partial Correction of Cystic Fibrosis Defects with PLGA Nanoparticles Encapsulating Curcumin. Molecular Pharmaceutics 2009, 7: 86-93. PMID: 19886674, PMCID: PMC2815009, DOI: 10.1021/mp900138a.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdministration, OralAnimalsBiological AvailabilityBiological Transport, ActiveCurcuminCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorEnzyme InhibitorsHumansLactic AcidMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred CFTRMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMutationNanoparticlesPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerSarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases
2008
Macrophages Directly Contribute to the Exaggerated Inflammatory Response in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator−/− Mice
Bruscia EM, Zhang PX, Ferreira E, Caputo C, Emerson JW, Tuck D, Krause DS, Egan ME. Macrophages Directly Contribute to the Exaggerated Inflammatory Response in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator−/− Mice. American Journal Of Respiratory Cell And Molecular Biology 2008, 40: 295-304. PMID: 18776130, PMCID: PMC2645527, DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0170oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBone Marrow TransplantationBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidCells, CulturedCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorCytokinesImmunity, InnateLipopolysaccharidesMacrophagesMiceMice, TransgenicPseudomonas InfectionsConceptsExaggerated inflammatory responseExaggerated immune responseBone marrow-derived macrophagesIL-6Marrow-derived macrophagesCystic fibrosisCF miceKeratinocyte chemoattractantCytokine responsesInflammatory responseIL-1alphaImmune responseAlveolar macrophagesBronchoalveolar lavage fluidGranulocyte colony-stimulating factorNumber of neutrophilsChemoattractant protein-1CF lung diseaseElevated cytokine responseInnate immune systemImportant therapeutic targetCF mouse modelsPopulation of macrophagesColony-stimulating factorPseudomonas aeruginosa LPSRectal Potential Difference and the Functional Expression of CFTR in the Gastrointestinal Epithelia in Cystic Fibrosis Mouse Models
Weiner SA, Caputo C, Bruscia E, Ferreira EC, Price JE, Krause DS, Egan ME. Rectal Potential Difference and the Functional Expression of CFTR in the Gastrointestinal Epithelia in Cystic Fibrosis Mouse Models. Pediatric Research 2008, 63: 73-78. PMID: 18043508, DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31815b4bc6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBenzoatesColforsinColonCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorDisease Models, AnimalGenotypeIntestinal MucosaMembrane PotentialsMiceMice, Inbred CFTRMice, Mutant StrainsPhenotypeRectumReproducibility of ResultsThiazolidinesConceptsRectal potential differenceMouse modelCF mouse modelsCystic fibrosisFibrosis mouse modelDifferent mouse modelsCystic fibrosis mouse modelUssing chamber methodEffects of interventionsAutosomal recessive diseasePharmacologic interventionsRespiratory epitheliumElectrophysiologic phenotypeGastrointestinal epitheliumCF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) geneRecessive diseaseVivo methodsVivo assaysVivo dataCFTR functionTransmembrane conductance regulator geneReliable assayEpitheliumInterventionCFTR expression
2006
ΔF508 Mutation Results in Impaired Gastric Acid Secretion*
Sidani SM, Kirchhoff P, Socrates T, Stelter L, Ferreira E, Caputo C, Roberts KE, Bell RL, Egan ME, Geibel JP. ΔF508 Mutation Results in Impaired Gastric Acid Secretion*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2006, 282: 6068-6074. PMID: 17178714, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608427200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorGastric AcidGastric MucosaMiceMice, Mutant StrainsMice, TransgenicMutationPotassium ChannelsPotassium Channels, Inwardly RectifyingReceptors, DrugStomachSulfonylurea ReceptorsConceptsCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorATP-binding cassette (ABC) transportersFibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorTransmembrane conductance regulatorMouse gastric glandsParietal cellsMultifunctional proteinCFTR proteinRegulatory proteinsTransport proteinsCassette transportersConductance regulatorRegulatory roleApical poleSecretagogue-induced acid secretionGland lumenGastric glandsSulfonylurea receptorProteinImpaired gastric acid secretionK-ATPaseCl(-) secretionImmunofluorescent localizationCl- channelsATP-sensitive potassium channelsEngraftment of Donor‐Derived Epithelial Cells in Multiple Organs Following Bone Marrow Transplantation into Newborn Mice
Bruscia EM, Ziegler EC, Price JE, Weiner S, Egan ME, Krause DS. Engraftment of Donor‐Derived Epithelial Cells in Multiple Organs Following Bone Marrow Transplantation into Newborn Mice. Stem Cells 2006, 24: 2299-2308. PMID: 16794262, DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0166.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBone Marrow TransplantationCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorEpithelial CellsFemaleFluorescent Antibody TechniqueHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred StrainsMice, TransgenicRNA, MessengerY ChromosomeConceptsBone marrow-derived cellsMarrow-derived epithelial cellsBone marrow transplantationNewborn miceEpithelial cellsMarrow transplantationGI tractBone marrow-derived epithelial cellsDonor-derived epithelial cellsDoses of busulfanMarrow-derived cellsEngraftment of donorIrradiated adult recipientsMyeloablative regimenPreparative regimenAdult recipientsDifferent regimensEngrafted miceHematopoietic engraftmentGastrointestinal tractSurvival advantageTherapeutic benefitAdult miceMultiple organsBone marrowAssessment of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity in CFTR-null mice after bone marrow transplantation
Bruscia EM, Price JE, Cheng EC, Weiner S, Caputo C, Ferreira EC, Egan ME, Krause DS. Assessment of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity in CFTR-null mice after bone marrow transplantation. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2006, 103: 2965-2970. PMID: 16481627, PMCID: PMC1413802, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510758103.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBone Marrow TransplantationCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorGastric MucosaGenetic TherapyIntestinal MucosaMiceMice, Inbred CFTRNasal MucosaRNA, MessengerConceptsCftr-/- miceEpithelial cellsNasal epitheliumBM-derived cellsBone marrow transplantationWild-type BMAirway epithelial cellsCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activityCystic fibrosis miceRare epithelial cellsCftr-null miceMarrow transplantationBM transplantationFibrosis miceRespiratory tractCFTR activityGI tractBone marrowGastrointestinalChloride secretionCFTR-dependent chloride secretionIndividual miceTransplantationDifferent dosesMice
2004
Curcumin, a Major Constituent of Turmeric, Corrects Cystic Fibrosis Defects
Egan ME, Pearson M, Weiner SA, Rajendran V, Rubin D, Glöckner-Pagel J, Canny S, Du K, Lukacs GL, Caplan MJ. Curcumin, a Major Constituent of Turmeric, Corrects Cystic Fibrosis Defects. Science 2004, 304: 600-602. PMID: 15105504, DOI: 10.1126/science.1093941.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCalciumCalnexinCell LineCell MembraneCricetinaeCurcuminCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorElectrolytesEndoplasmic ReticulumGene TargetingGlycosylationHumansIntestinal MucosaIntestinal ObstructionIsoproterenolMembrane PotentialsMiceMice, KnockoutMutationNasal MucosaPolyethylene GlycolsProtein FoldingRectumTransfectionConceptsCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorCFTR proteinDeltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorDeltaF508 CFTR proteinFibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorTransmembrane conductance regulatorBaby hamster kidney cellsPlasma membraneComplete knockoutConductance regulatorHamster kidney cellsEndoplasmic reticulumCystic fibrosis defectCFTR geneKidney cellsCFTR miceGenesProteinMutationsCommon mutationsHomozygous expressionCurcumin treatmentFunctional appearanceWeight basisRegulator
2002
Calcium-pump inhibitors induce functional surface expression of ΔF508-CFTR protein in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells
Egan ME, Glöckner-Pagel J, Ambrose C, Cahill PA, Pappoe L, Balamuth N, Cho E, Canny S, Wagner CA, Geibel J, Caplan MJ. Calcium-pump inhibitors induce functional surface expression of ΔF508-CFTR protein in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Nature Medicine 2002, 8: 485-492. PMID: 11984593, DOI: 10.1038/nm0502-485.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmilorideCalcium Channel BlockersCell MembraneCells, CulturedCystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance RegulatorEpithelial CellsGene Expression RegulationHumansIsoproterenolPatch-Clamp TechniquesSequence DeletionThapsigarginConceptsEndoplasmic reticulumCalcium pump inhibitorΔF508-CFTR proteinCystic fibrosis epithelial cellsCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) proteinCystic fibrosis cell lineFunctional surface expressionSurface expressionChaperone activityChaperone proteinsRegulator proteinPlasma membraneCystic fibrosis defectCell surfaceProteinCell linesPotential targetOptimal activityInhibitor thapsigarginEpithelial cellsExpressionCommon mutationsInhibitorsMouse modelReticulum