Associations Between Maternal Experiences of Discrimination and Biomarkers of Toxic Stress in School-Aged Children
Condon EM, Holland ML, Slade A, Redeker NS, Mayes LC, Sadler LS. Associations Between Maternal Experiences of Discrimination and Biomarkers of Toxic Stress in School-Aged Children. Maternal And Child Health Journal 2019, 23: 1147-1151. PMID: 31222595, PMCID: PMC6660374, DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02779-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBiomarkersBlack or African AmericanBlood PressureChildChild, PreschoolConnecticutC-Reactive ProteinCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHair AnalysisHispanic or LatinoHumansInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-6Interleukin-8MaleMothersRacismSalivaSocioeconomic FactorsStress, PsychologicalTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaConceptsSalivary interleukin-6 levelsInterleukin-6 levelsMaternal experienceCross-sectional studyMaternal-child dyadsPoor health outcomesEthnic health inequitiesToxic stressSchool-Aged ChildrenChild healthNoninvasive biomarkersImmune pathwaysChild biomarkersHealth outcomesHealth inequitiesBiomarkersChildrenIndirect exposureLow-income neighborhoodsVicarious racismBiological mechanismsAdditional researchMothersExperiences of discriminationPhysiological mechanisms