1996
Nimodipine reduction of naltrexone-precipitated locus coeruleus activation and abstinence behavior in morphine-dependent rats
Krystal J, Compere S, Nestler E, Rasmussen K. Nimodipine reduction of naltrexone-precipitated locus coeruleus activation and abstinence behavior in morphine-dependent rats. Physiology & Behavior 1996, 59: 863-866. PMID: 8778878, DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(95)02206-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsL-type calcium channel antagonistLocus coeruleus neuronsMorphine-dependent ratsOpiate-dependent ratsCalcium channel antagonistsSingle-unit recordingsLocus coeruleus activationNimodipine effectCoeruleus neuronsNoradrenergic mechanismsOpiate withdrawalLocus coeruleusChannel antagonistsAnesthetized animalsNimodipineAbstinence behaviorTime courseRatsWithdrawal behaviorActivationNaltrexoneCoeruleus
1991
Excitatory amino acids and morphine withdrawal: differential effects of central and peripheral kynurenic acid administration
Rasmussen K, Krystal J, Aghajanian G. Excitatory amino acids and morphine withdrawal: differential effects of central and peripheral kynurenic acid administration. Psychopharmacology 1991, 105: 508-512. PMID: 1771218, DOI: 10.1007/bf02244371.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcid administrationKynurenic acidSubcutaneous administrationPeripheral excitatory amino acid receptorsExcitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acidExcitatory amino acid receptorsAntagonist kynurenic acidExcitatory amino acidsAmino acid receptorsLocus coeruleus neuronsMorphine-dependent ratsBlood-brain barrierSingle-unit recordingsMorphine withdrawalCoeruleus neuronsAntagonist treatmentAbstinence symptomsOpiate withdrawalUnit recordingsAnesthetized animalsAcid receptorsBehavioral signsAdministrationDifferential effectsWithdrawal