2013
Glutamatergic targets for new alcohol medications
Holmes A, Spanagel R, Krystal JH. Glutamatergic targets for new alcohol medications. Psychopharmacology 2013, 229: 539-554. PMID: 23995381, PMCID: PMC3811052, DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3226-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlutamate systemGlycineB siteAlcohol-related behaviorsNMDA receptorsAlcohol abuseAlcohol consumptionN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsChronic alcohol exposureElevated extracellular glutamatePathophysiology of alcoholismAMPA receptor subunitsAlcohol use disorderNovel pharmacotherapeutic approachesEffects of alcoholAlcohol medicationsBlocking NMDAHyperglutamatergic stateMetabotropic receptorsPharmacotherapeutic approachesAlcohol exposureExcess glutamateExtracellular glutamateGlutamate receptorsPreclinical studiesKainate receptors
2008
Riluzole in the Treatment of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Pittenger C, Coric V, Banasr M, Bloch M, Krystal JH, Sanacora G. Riluzole in the Treatment of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. CNS Drugs 2008, 22: 761-786. PMID: 18698875, DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200822090-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment of moodAnxiety disordersMultiple molecular actionsOpen-label trialPlacebo-controlled trialAmino acid neurotransmissionCommon adverse effectsLiver function testsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisVoltage-gated sodium channelsBorderline personality disorderSelf-injurious behaviorStandard therapyIll patientsBipolar depressionFunction testsObsessive-compulsive disorderCase reportGlutamatergic neurotransmissionGlutamate levelsExtracellular glutamateClinical consequencesLateral sclerosisAstrocytic uptakeRiluzoleDecreased hippocampal volume on MRI is associated with increased extracellular glutamate in epilepsy patients
Cavus I, Pan JW, Hetherington HP, Abi‐Saab W, Zaveri HP, Vives KP, Krystal JH, Spencer SS, Spencer DD. Decreased hippocampal volume on MRI is associated with increased extracellular glutamate in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia 2008, 49: 1358-1366. PMID: 18410365, DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01603.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTemporal lobe epilepsyHippocampal volumeClinical factorsHippocampal atrophyEpileptogenic hippocampusGABA levelsNeurochemical levelsElevated extracellular glutamate levelsContralateral hippocampal volumeIntracranial EEG evaluationMedication-resistant epilepsyRefractory TLE patientsHigh seizure frequencyRelevant clinical factorsSmaller hippocampal volumesExtracellular glutamate levelsFebrile seizure historyTreatment of epilepsySeizure frequencyLobe epilepsySeizure historyTLE patientsAtrophic hippocampusGlutamate levelsExtracellular glutamate
2005
Extracellular metabolites in the cortex and hippocampus of epileptic patients
Cavus I, Kasoff WS, Cassaday MP, Jacob R, Gueorguieva R, Sherwin RS, Krystal JH, Spencer DD, Abi‐Saab W. Extracellular metabolites in the cortex and hippocampus of epileptic patients. Annals Of Neurology 2005, 57: 226-235. PMID: 15668975, DOI: 10.1002/ana.20380.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlutamate-glutamine cyclingEpileptogenic hippocampusGlutamate levelsEpileptic patientsImpaired glutamate reuptakeBasal glutamate levelsBrain energy metabolismHigher lactate levelsGlutamine/glutamate ratioPoor glucose utilizationEnergy metabolismNeurometabolic processesNonepileptogenic cortexEpileptogenic cortexGlutamate reuptakeNeocortical epilepsyExtracellular glutamateSeizure generationInterictal periodLactate levelsMicrodialysis methodExtracellular levelsNeuronal toxicityGlucose utilizationDepth electrodes