Forearm Pronation at Foot Contact: A Biomechanical Motion-Capture Analysis in High School and Professional Pitchers
Manzi J, Dowling B, Wang Z, Sudah S, Quan T, Moran J, McElheny K, Carr J, Gulotta L, Dines J. Forearm Pronation at Foot Contact: A Biomechanical Motion-Capture Analysis in High School and Professional Pitchers. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2023, 11: 23259671221145233. PMID: 37123995, PMCID: PMC10134138, DOI: 10.1177/23259671221145233.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchForearm pronationForearm supinationProfessional pitchersFoot contactHigh school pitchersUlnar collateral ligament injuriesCollateral ligament injuriesVarus torqueSignificant risk factorsMedial forceWeak positive associationDescriptive laboratory studySubsequent surgeryLigament injuryPronation/supinationRisk factorsElbow flexionExternal rotationForearm pronation/supinationPronationSupinationBaseball pitchersStrong associationMotion capture analysisGroup level