2017
Longitudinal outcomes of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)
Leon J, Hommer R, Grant P, Farmer C, D’Souza P, Kessler R, Williams K, Leckman JF, Swedo S. Longitudinal outcomes of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2017, 27: 637-643. PMID: 29119300, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1077-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersAutoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersIntravenous immunoglobulinStreptococcal infectionDose of IVIGNeuropsychiatric disordersPlacebo-controlled trialSignificant obsessive-compulsive symptomsPopulation of childrenCognitive behavioral therapySubacute illnessSydenham's choreaBlinded infusionChronic coursePsychiatric medicationsTreatment modalitiesSpecific symptomsChildhood-onset OCDLongitudinal courseNatural historyObsessive-compulsive symptomsBehavioral therapyExacerbationParents of participantsTelephone interviewsA double-blind randomized pilot trial comparing computerized cognitive exercises to Tetris in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Bikic A, Christensen TØ, Leckman JF, Bilenberg N, Dalsgaard S. A double-blind randomized pilot trial comparing computerized cognitive exercises to Tetris in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry 2017, 71: 455-464. PMID: 28598701, DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1328070.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderComputerized cognitive exercisesCognitive exercisesHyperactivity disorderComputer game TetrisSignificant intra-group changesADHD symptom measuresSignificant group differencesLarge effect sizesDouble-blind randomized pilot trialBrain trainingSustained attentionCognitive testsGame TetrisMotivation questionnaireHome-based interventionGroup differencesSignificant beneficial effectRandomized pilot trialActive placeboIntra-group changesTetrisAdolescentsEffect sizeBeneficial effects
2016
Intranasal Oxytocin Enhances Connectivity in the Neural Circuitry Supporting Social Motivation and Social Perception in Children with Autism
Gordon I, Jack A, Pretzsch CM, Vander Wyk B, Leckman JF, Feldman R, Pelphrey KA. Intranasal Oxytocin Enhances Connectivity in the Neural Circuitry Supporting Social Motivation and Social Perception in Children with Autism. Scientific Reports 2016, 6: 35054. PMID: 27845765, PMCID: PMC5109935, DOI: 10.1038/srep35054.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderIntranasal oxytocinSocial motivationSocial perceptionSocial-emotional informationFunctional magnetic resonance imagingPlacebo-controlled crossover designBiological motionSocial stimuliAngry voicesSocial deficitsSpectrum disorderOT administrationMesolimbic reward pathwayBehavioral treatmentBrain rewardReduced connectivityBrain regionsReward pathwayCortical sitesRewardPerceptionMotivationOxytocinBrain sitesRandomized, Controlled Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections
Williams KA, Swedo SE, Farmer CA, Grantz H, Grant PJ, D’Souza P, Hommer R, Katsovich L, King RA, Leckman JF. Randomized, Controlled Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2016, 55: 860-867.e2. PMID: 27663941, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersIntravenous immunoglobulinAutoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersYale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive ScaleChildren's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive ScaleStreptococcal infectionIVIG groupPlacebo groupObsessive-compulsive disorderClinical Global Impression improvement ratingNeuropsychiatric disordersDouble-blind infusionDouble-blind phaseSustained symptom improvementDouble-blind comparisonOpen-label treatmentPrimary outcome measureSevere obsessive-compulsive disorderCY-BOCS total scoreCross-reactive antibodiesIdentification of biomarkersCY-BOCS scoresObsessive Compulsive ScaleImmunomodulatory therapyControlled TrialsN-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Yaffa A, Alvarenga PG, Jakubovski E, Mulqueen JM, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2016, 26: 327-334. PMID: 27027204, PMCID: PMC6445198, DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBenefit of NACEfficacy of NACYale Global Tic Severity ScaleAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeN-acetylcysteineObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersSide effectsRecent placebo-controlled trialPediatric Tourette syndromePlacebo-controlled trialCurrent pharmacological treatmentsTreatment of ticsTotal tic scoreSeverity of ticsSubstantial side effectsTic Severity ScaleYears of ageMinimal side effectsPediatric TSPrimary outcomeSecondary outcomesGlutamatergic systemPharmacological treatment
2014
Randomized Sham Controlled Double-blind Trial of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adults With Severe Tourette Syndrome
Landeros-Weisenberger A, Mantovani A, Motlagh MG, de Alvarenga PG, Katsovich L, Leckman JF, Lisanby SH. Randomized Sham Controlled Double-blind Trial of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adults With Severe Tourette Syndrome. Brain Stimulation 2014, 8: 574-581. PMID: 25912296, PMCID: PMC4454615, DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotor CortexTourette SyndromeTranscranial Magnetic StimulationTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultConceptsRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationSham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationSupplementary motor areaLow-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationFrequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationActive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationSevere Tourette syndromeTranscranial magnetic stimulationTourette syndromeTic severityMagnetic stimulationDouble-blind sham-controlled trialEfficacy of rTMSOpen-label active treatmentYGTSS total tic scoreAlternative stimulation protocolsDouble-blind trialOpen-label studySham-controlled trialTotal tic scoreActive rTMS treatmentRandomized ShamRTMS treatmentActive treatmentMotor threshold
2013
N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Trichotillomania: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Grant JE, Pittenger C, Leckman JF. N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Trichotillomania: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2013, 52: 231-240. PMID: 23452680, PMCID: PMC3745012, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsN-acetylcysteinePharmacological interventionsPediatric trichotillomaniaBenefit of NACBehavioral therapySecondary outcome measuresTreatment of childrenClinician-rated improvementMassachusetts General HospitalTreat populationPlacebo groupPrimary outcomeNAC groupGeneral HospitalOutcome measuresTreatment respondersSecondary measuresPlaceboTreatment assignmentTrichotillomaniaLinear mixed modelsTrialsSignificant differencesChildrenTherapy
2011
Risperidone-Related Improvement of Irritability in Children with Autism Is not Associated with Changes in Serum of Epidermal Growth Factor and Interleukin-13
Tobiasova Z, van der Lingen KH, Scahill L, Leckman JF, Zhang Y, Chae W, McCracken JT, McDougle CJ, Vitiello B, Tierney E, Aman MG, Arnold LE, Katsovich L, Hoekstra PJ, Volkmar F, Bothwell AL, Kawikova I. Risperidone-Related Improvement of Irritability in Children with Autism Is not Associated with Changes in Serum of Epidermal Growth Factor and Interleukin-13. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2011, 21: 555-564. PMID: 22070180, PMCID: PMC3279715, DOI: 10.1089/cap.2010.0134.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedication-free subjectsEpidermal growth factorHealthy controlsInflammatory markersIL-13IL-1 receptor antagonistGrowth factorSerum inflammatory markersChemoattractant protein-1Placebo groupClinical improvementBaseline visitIL-17Serum levelsCytokine concentrationsInflammatory moleculesSerum concentrationsClinical trialsHealthy subjectsIL-1Interleukin-13RisperidoneAltered levelsProtein 1Diagnosis of autism
2010
Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Exacerbations of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Leckman JF, King RA, Gilbert DL, Coffey BJ, Singer HS, Dure LS, Grantz H, Katsovich L, Lin H, Lombroso PJ, Kawikova I, Johnson DR, Kurlan RM, Kaplan EL. Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Exacerbations of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2010, 50: 108-118.e3. PMID: 21241948, PMCID: PMC3024577, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExacerbation of ticsGABHS infectionStreptococcal infectionSymptom exacerbationStreptococcal upper respiratory tract infectionPediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersUpper respiratory tract infectionObsessive-compulsive symptomsAutoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersHemolytic streptococcal infectionRespiratory tract infectionsThroat swab cultureLongitudinal studyProspective longitudinal studyPANDAS subjectsClinical exacerbationStreptococcal antibodiesTract infectionsClinical symptomsGABHS infectionsGroup of childrenLaboratory valuesSwab culturesClinical conditionsClinical evaluatorsThe Human Immune Response to Streptococcal Extracellular Antigens: Clinical, Diagnostic, and Potential Pathogenetic Implications
Johnson DR, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Kaplan EL. The Human Immune Response to Streptococcal Extracellular Antigens: Clinical, Diagnostic, and Potential Pathogenetic Implications. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010, 50: 481-490. PMID: 20067422, DOI: 10.1086/650167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntibody titersImmune responseSingle antibody titerStreptococcal extracellular antigensB antibody titersHuman antibody responseHuman immune responsePaediatric study participantsSymptoms of infectionPotential pathogenetic implicationsThroat culturesGAS infectionAntibody responseSubsequent sequelaePathogenetic mechanismsImmunologic confirmationBlood samplesEpidemiological studiesPathogenetic implicationsStreptococcus antigensCulture resultsStudy participantsImportant human pathogenInfectionExtracellular antigens
2009
Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2009, 48: 884-893. PMID: 19625978, PMCID: PMC3943246, DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b26e9f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAtomoxetine HydrochlorideAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildComorbidityContraindicationsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodHumansMethylphenidatePropylaminesPsychotropic DrugsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsAlpha-2 agonistsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTic symptomsComorbid ticsSupratherapeutic dosesTic disordersADHD symptomsTreatment of ADHDHyperactivity disorderPlacebo-controlled trialEfficacy of medicationsStandardized mean differenceEvidence-based treatmentsHalf of childrenComorbid tic disordersPrimary outcomeDifferent medicationsPsychostimulant medicationPubMed searchTic severityTourette syndromePackage insertsDrug AdministrationAtomoxetineSymptomsMeta-analysis of the dose-response relationship of SSRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Bloch MH, McGuire J, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF, Pittenger C. Meta-analysis of the dose-response relationship of SSRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 2009, 15: 850-855. PMID: 19468281, PMCID: PMC2888928, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.50.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsY-BOCS scoresSerotonin reuptake inhibitorsObsessive-compulsive disorderHigh dosesReuptake inhibitorsTreatment respondersDose of SSRIsTreatment efficacyDouble-blind placebo-controlled clinical trialGreater side effect burdenPlacebo-controlled clinical trialSide effect burdenAbsolute risk differenceTreatment of adultsGreater treatment efficacyMajor depressive disorderImproved treatment efficacyTreatment of OCDDose-response relationshipRevMan 4.2.8Clinical trialsDepressive disorderCause dropoutsMean change
2007
Systematic Review: Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatment for Trichotillomania
Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Dombrowski P, Kelmendi B, Wegner R, Nudel J, Pittenger C, Leckman JF, Coric V. Systematic Review: Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatment for Trichotillomania. Biological Psychiatry 2007, 62: 839-846. PMID: 17727824, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsHabit reversal therapyTreatment of trichotillomaniaCochrane Central RegisterPrimary outcome measureClinical rating scalesNon-specific effectsSSRI pharmacotherapyCentral RegisterControlled TrialsRelevant trialsReuptake inhibitorsTreat analysisPharmacotherapy studiesBlinded assessmentClinical trialsTrichotillomania severityMean changeOutcome measuresFuture therapiesElectronic databasesLarger sample sizeRigorous control conditionsPsychiatric conditionsSystematic review
2006
A systematic review: antipsychotic augmentation with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder
Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Kelmendi B, Coric V, Bracken MB, Leckman JF. A systematic review: antipsychotic augmentation with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 2006, 11: 622-632. PMID: 16585942, DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001823.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAntipsychotic AgentsBasal Ganglia DiseasesBenzodiazepinesComorbidityDepressive DisorderDibenzothiazepinesDouble-Blind MethodDrug ResistanceDrug Therapy, CombinationHaloperidolHumansMiddle AgedObsessive-Compulsive DisorderOlanzapinePatient DropoutsQuetiapine FumarateRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisperidoneSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsTic DisordersTreatment OutcomeConceptsSerotonin reuptake inhibitorsAntipsychotic augmentationAbsolute risk differenceObsessive-compulsive disorderComorbid ticsOCD patientsTreatment responseSystematic reviewTreatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorderTreatment-refractory OCD patientsRefractory obsessive-compulsive disorderDouble-blind trialEfficacy of quetiapineTreatment-refractory OCDCochrane Central RegisterMeaningful treatment responseProportion of subjectsEfficacy of haloperidolRandomized control trialObsessive-compulsive disorder patientsSRI monotherapyAdequate trialCentral RegisterControlled TrialsReuptake inhibitors
2003
A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome
Scahill L, Leckman JF, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Peterson BS. A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome. Neurology 2003, 60: 1130-1135. PMID: 12682319, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000055434.39968.67.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAntipsychotic AgentsBody WeightChildDiagnostic Techniques, NeurologicalDopamine AntagonistsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodErectile DysfunctionFemaleHeart Conduction SystemHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhobic DisordersRisperidoneSeverity of Illness IndexTicsTourette SyndromeTreatment OutcomeConceptsYale Global Tic Severity ScalePlacebo-controlled trialTotal tic scoreTourette syndromeTic scoreYGTSS total tic scoreCardiac conduction timesSafety of risperidonePrimary outcome measureWeeks of treatmentDurability of efficacyTic Severity ScaleShort-term treatmentMedication-free subjectsPlacebo patientsMedication discontinuationRisperidone groupExtrapyramidal symptomsTic symptomsOutcome measuresDose reductionConduction timeSeverity ScaleTic severityBody weight
2001
A Placebo-Controlled Study of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Children With Tic Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Scahill L, Chappell PB, Kim YS, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Shepherd E, Arnsten AF, Cohen DJ, Leckman JF. A Placebo-Controlled Study of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Children With Tic Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2001, 158: 1067-1074. PMID: 11431228, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1067.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderWeeks of treatmentPlacebo groupTic disordersGuanfacine groupDeficit hyperactivity disorderClinical Global Improvement ScaleHyperactivity disorderSafety of guanfacineGlobal Improvement ScaleDouble-blind conditionsTreatment of childrenMedication-free subjectsDose adjustmentBlood pressureADHD Rating ScaleDisorders ClinicWeek 4Mean improvementEffective treatmentImprovement ScaleGuanfacinePlaceboTic severityContinuous Performance Test
1997
Fluoxetine Has No Marked Effect on Tic Symptoms in Patients with Tourette's Syndrome: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Scahill L, Riddle MA, King RA, Hardin MT, Rasmusson A, Makuch RW, Leckman JF. Fluoxetine Has No Marked Effect on Tic Symptoms in Patients with Tourette's Syndrome: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 1997, 7: 75-85. PMID: 9334893, DOI: 10.1089/cap.1997.7.75.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeObsessive-compulsive symptomsObsessive-compulsive disorderPlacebo-controlled crossover trialTreatment of ticsWeeks of treatmentEfficacy of fluoxetineFluoxetine monotherapyFluoxetine treatmentCrossover trialObsessive-compulsive featuresAdditional subjectsFluoxetineSymptomsSignificant reductionSyndromeTreatmentSubjectsCrossover analysisMonotherapyPatientsMarked effectTrialsWeeks
1994
Haloperidol Addition in Fluvoxamine-Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients With and Without Tics
McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, Lee NC, Heninger GR, Price LH. Haloperidol Addition in Fluvoxamine-Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients With and Without Tics. JAMA Psychiatry 1994, 51: 302-308. PMID: 8161290, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950040046006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsComorbid chronic tic disorderChronic tic disorderYale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive ScaleObsessive-compulsive disorderTic disordersFluvoxamine treatmentOCD patientsClinical Global Impression ScalePlacebo-treated groupDouble-blind fashionWeeks of treatmentGlobal Impression ScaleTreatment of patientsHaloperidol-treated groupEffective symptom reductionObsessive Compulsive ScaleNeuroleptic therapyBlood levelsImpression ScaleTreatment outcomesTreatment responseAdequate treatmentPatientsPlaceboSymptom reduction
1993
Limited therapeutic effect of addition of buspirone in fluvoxamine- refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder
McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, Holzer JC, Barr LC, McCance-Katz E, Heninger GR, Price LH. Limited therapeutic effect of addition of buspirone in fluvoxamine- refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal Of Psychiatry 1993, 150: 647-649. PMID: 8465885, DOI: 10.1176/ajp.150.4.647.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1991
Clonidine Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome
Leckman JF, Hardin MT, Riddle MA, Stevenson J, Ort SI, Cohen DJ. Clonidine Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry 1991, 48: 324-328. PMID: 2009034, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810280040006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGilles de la Tourette's syndromeLa Tourette's syndromeClonidine treatmentTourette syndromeTic severityDouble-blind clinical trialMotor tic severityClinical trialsClonidine hydrochlorideBehavioral symptomsClinical ratingsSyndromeMagnitude of responseClonidineTreatmentParent-rated measuresSeveritySubjectsPlaceboVideotaped interviewGroupSymptomsCliniciansHyperactivityTrials