Gary Stack, MD, PhD
Professor EmeritusDownloadHi-Res Photo
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Appointments
Laboratory Medicine
Primary
Additional Titles
Chief, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at VA Connecticut
Contact Info
Laboratory Medicine
PO Box 208035, 333 Cedar Street
New Haven, CT 06520-8035
United States
Appointments
Laboratory Medicine
Primary
Additional Titles
Chief, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at VA Connecticut
Contact Info
Laboratory Medicine
PO Box 208035, 333 Cedar Street
New Haven, CT 06520-8035
United States
Appointments
Laboratory Medicine
Primary
Additional Titles
Chief, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at VA Connecticut
Contact Info
Laboratory Medicine
PO Box 208035, 333 Cedar Street
New Haven, CT 06520-8035
United States
About
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Titles
Professor Emeritus
Chief, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at VA Connecticut
Appointments
Laboratory Medicine
EmeritusPrimary
Other Departments & Organizations
- Apheresis/Transfusion Service
- Blood Bank
- Laboratory Medicine
- VA Connecticut Clinical Laboratories
- Yale Ventures
Education & Training
- Fellow
- Yale-New Haven Hospital (1991)
- Resident
- Yale-New Haven Hospital (1990)
- Fellow
- Institut de Chimie Bioligique (1987)
- MD
- Johns Hopkins University (1984)
- PhD
- University of Wisconsin (1983)
- BS
- University of Maryland-College Park, Biochemistry (1975)
Board Certifications
Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine
- Certification Organization
- AB of Pathology
- Original Certification Date
- 1992
Pathology Clinical
- Certification Organization
- AB of Pathology
- Original Certification Date
- 1992
Research
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Overview
We have investigated the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mediating adverse effects of blood transfusion. We have shown that leukocyte-derived cytokines such as interleukins-1, -6, - 8, as well as MIP-1 alpha, GRO-alpha, and TNF-alpha are present in the plasma portion of stored platelet concentrates and are generated in vitro during blood bank preparation and storage. Some cytokines were also detected in the supernatant portion of red blood cell units. These cytokines are generated in direct proportion to the leukocyte content of the component, the storage temperature, and the storage time. Bacterial contamination of blood components, as might occur in the setting of a septic transfusion reaction, further stimulates cytokine generation. Pre-storage leukoreduction of blood components prevents the generation of leukocyte-dereived cytokines.
Medical Research Interests
Blood Banks; Blood Transfusion; Cytokines; Medical Laboratory Science; Pathology; Pharmacogenetics
ORCID
0000-0002-6501-7255
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Frequent collaborators of Gary Stack's published research.
Publications Timeline
A big-picture view of Gary Stack's research output by year.
Research Interests
Research topics Gary Stack is interested in exploring.
Christopher Tormey, MD
John Greg Howe, PhD
9Publications
415Citations
Blood Transfusion
Publications
2025
Relationship between immunogenicity and protein structure at amino acid substitution sites of blood group antigens
Howe J, Stack G. Relationship between immunogenicity and protein structure at amino acid substitution sites of blood group antigens. Blood 2025, 146: 504-517. PMID: 40163810, DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024025071.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsProtein structureAa substitutionsBlood group antigensThree-dimensional protein structuresAmino acid substitution sitesAmino acidsGroup antigensSurface-accessible loopsInvestigating protein structureStructure predictionProtein regionsB strandsTertiary structureFlexible regionsInformatics analysisAlphaFold2ProteinAminoImmunogenic antigensSitesDeterminants of immunogenicitySubstitutionPolypeptideConfidence scoresDisordered coils
2023
Search of a genomic sequence database for potential novel blood group antigens: Investigation into why some amino acid substitutions are not immunogenic
Howe J, Stack G. Search of a genomic sequence database for potential novel blood group antigens: Investigation into why some amino acid substitutions are not immunogenic. Transfusion 2023, 63: 1399-1411. PMID: 37386886, DOI: 10.1111/trf.17459.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsBlood group antigensGroup antigensB-cell epitopesGenomic sequence databasesLinear B-cell epitopesLow prevalenceSequence databasesAtypical chemokine receptor 1Chemokine receptor 1New blood group antigensExtracellular domainHuman genome sequence databaseMissense mutationsGenome sequence databaseEpitope prediction programsTransfusion practiceProtein structural analysisPoor immunogenicityAmino acid substitutionsReceptor 1Phenotype prevalenceAntigenStudy designBlood groupPrevalence
2010
Comparison of assay systems for warfarin-related CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotyping
Maurice CB, Barua PK, Simses D, Smith P, Howe JG, Stack G. Comparison of assay systems for warfarin-related CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotyping. Clinica Chimica Acta 2010, 411: 947-954. PMID: 20226775, DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.03.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetric
2009
Immunogenicity of blood group antigens: a mathematical model corrected for antibody evanescence with exclusion of naturally occurring and pregnancy-related antibodies
Tormey CA, Stack G. Immunogenicity of blood group antigens: a mathematical model corrected for antibody evanescence with exclusion of naturally occurring and pregnancy-related antibodies. Blood 2009, 114: 4279-4282. PMID: 19713462, DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-227793.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsIMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: The characterization and classification of concurrent blood group antibodies
Tormey CA, Stack G. IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: The characterization and classification of concurrent blood group antibodies. Transfusion 2009, 49: 2709-2718. PMID: 19682334, DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02337.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsBlood group antibodiesGroup antibodiesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterAntigenic specificityAlloimmunized individualsConcurrent antibodiesAntibody persistenceTransfusion recordsAntibody screenAlloimmunized patientsTime of disappearanceMedical CenterPatientsBG antibodyStudy designAntibody specificityAntibodiesAlloantibodiesAlloimmunizationAntibody pairsCompatibility testingSpecificityMost casesEstimation of Combat-Related Blood Group Alloimmunization and Delayed Serologic Transfusion Reactions in U.S. Military Veterans
Tormey CA, Stack G. Estimation of Combat-Related Blood Group Alloimmunization and Delayed Serologic Transfusion Reactions in U.S. Military Veterans. Military Medicine 2009, 174: 503-507. PMID: 20731281, DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-02-5808.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsSerologic transfusion reactionsTransfusion reactionsVeterans Affairs Medical CenterAnamnestic immune responseMilitary veteran patientsBlood group alloantibodiesMilitary veteransPre-existing antibodiesU.S. military veteransAlloimmunization ratePrior alloimmunizationVeteran patientsTransfusion recordsVA careImmune responseMedical CenterAlloimmunizationAlloantibodiesVeteransAntibodiesHigh rateTransfusionPatientsPrevalenceCareThe persistence and evanescence of blood group alloantibodies in men
Tormey CA, Stack G. The persistence and evanescence of blood group alloantibodies in men. Transfusion 2009, 49: 505-512. PMID: 19040411, DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02014.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsBlood group alloantibodiesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterInitial negative testingTransfusion service recordsTransfusion-related alloimmunizationDuration of followHemolytic transfusion reactionsMonths of detectionFirst antibodyMale patientsTransfusion reactionsMedical CenterAlloantibodiesNegative testingAntibody detectionYear of inductionStudy designAntigenic specificityAntibodiesMilitary veteransPatientsMore yearsTwo-thirdsService recordsMen
2008
Red blood cell alloantibody frequency, specificity, and properties in a population of male military veterans
Tormey CA, Fisk J, Stack G. Red blood cell alloantibody frequency, specificity, and properties in a population of male military veterans. Transfusion 2008, 48: 2069-2076. PMID: 18631165, DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01815.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsRBC alloantibodiesMale military veteransDecade of birthMilitary veteransVA careRed blood cell alloantibodiesVeterans Affairs Medical CenterHospital-based patientsPercent of casesLarge male predominanceRace/ethnicityAlloantibody frequenciesAlloantibody specificitiesFrequent alloantibodiesTransfusion historyMale predominanceD alloimmunizationTransfusion recordsHigh prevalenceMedical CenterAlloantibodiesAntibody developmentAlloimmunizationAntiglobulin phasePrevalence
2003
Enhancing Biocompatibility of Platelets with Plastic Containers during Blood Bank Preparation & Storage: Reducing Platelet-Derived Cytokine Release
Ali H, Enderle J, Stack G, Jensen K. Enhancing Biocompatibility of Platelets with Plastic Containers during Blood Bank Preparation & Storage: Reducing Platelet-Derived Cytokine Release. 2003, 179-180. DOI: 10.1109/nebc.2003.1216052.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
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Laboratory Medicine
PO Box 208035, 333 Cedar Street
New Haven, CT 06520-8035
United States