2009
Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing
Town T, Bai F, Wang T, Kaplan AT, Qian F, Montgomery RR, Anderson JF, Flavell RA, Fikrig E. Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing. Immunity 2009, 30: 242-253. PMID: 19200759, PMCID: PMC2707901, DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsToll-like receptor 7West Nile virusReceptor 7WNV infectionImmune cell infiltrationLethal WNV infectionMyeloid differentiation factorIL-23 p19IL-23 responsesIL-12 p40West Nile encephalitisIL-12 p35Infected target cellsHost defense mechanismsRNA flavivirusInnate cytokinesWNV encephalitisInterleukin-12Cell infiltrationImmune cellsTarget organsVariable severityMiceTarget cellsTissue concentrations
2004
Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
Wang T, Town T, Alexopoulou L, Anderson JF, Fikrig E, Flavell RA. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis. Nature Medicine 2004, 10: 1366-1373. PMID: 15558055, DOI: 10.1038/nm1140.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApoptosisBlood-Brain BarrierBrainEncephalitisImmunohistochemistryInflammationMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMicroscopy, FluorescencePermeabilityReceptors, Cell SurfaceSignal TransductionToll-Like Receptor 3Toll-Like ReceptorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaViral LoadWest Nile virusConceptsToll-like receptor 3West Nile virusWNV infectionViral loadInflammatory responseReceptor 3Blood-brain barrier compromiseTLR3-deficient miceWest Nile virus entryLethal WNV infectionBlood-brain barrierWild-type miceNeuronal injuryIntracerebroventricular administrationBrain infectionCytokine productionBrain penetrationTumor necrosisTLR3 stimulationLethal encephalitisBarrier compromiseVariable severityInfectionVirus entryNile virus