Excretion of urine extracellular vesicles bearing markers of activated immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology differ between calcium kidney stone formers and non-stone formers
Zhang J, Kumar S, Jayachandran M, Herrera Hernandez L, Wang S, Wilson E, Lieske J. Excretion of urine extracellular vesicles bearing markers of activated immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology differ between calcium kidney stone formers and non-stone formers. BMC Nephrology 2021, 22: 204. PMID: 34074247, PMCID: PMC8170929, DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02417-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-stone formersCalcium oxalate stone formersUrinary extracellular vesiclesStone formersExtracellular vesiclesKidney stone formersUrinary stone diseaseStone removal surgeryDifferent nephron segmentsImmune cellsStone diseasePathogenic mechanismsRemoval surgeryNephron segmentsUrine samplesPhosphorus physiologyProtein markersPrevious studiesSurgeryPhysiologyExcretionDisease