2024
Infants' salivary oxytocin and positive affective reactions to people
Zeng G, Leung T, Maylott S, Malik A, Adornato A, Lebowitz M, Messinger D, Szeto A, Feldman R, Simpson E. Infants' salivary oxytocin and positive affective reactions to people. Hormones And Behavior 2024, 164: 105579. PMID: 38905820, DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOxytocin levelsSalivary oxytocinFacial affectAffective reactionsEarly Social Communication ScalesInfant positive affectStable individual differencesPositive facial affectSocial Communication ScalesHigher oxytocin levelsPositive affective reactionsSocio-emotional developmentPositive affectIndividual differencesSocial behaviorSmiling womenCommunication ScaleAffectOxytocinPhysiological measuresMonths of ageProsocialityStatistically significant changesU.S. infantsInfantsWhy Should I? Examining How Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits Relate to Prosocial and Affiliative Behaviors and Motivations
Paz Y, All K, Kohli S, Plate R, Viding E, Waller R. Why Should I? Examining How Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits Relate to Prosocial and Affiliative Behaviors and Motivations. Research On Child And Adolescent Psychopathology 2024, 52: 1075-1087. PMID: 38498231, DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01170-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCU traitsHigh CU traitsAffiliative behaviorProsocial behaviorNeutral situationsSocial affiliationChild CU traitsCallous-unemotional traitsDifficulties of childrenCallous-unemotionalLow empathyEmotional needsSocial motivationMotivational difficultiesAssess recognitionConduct problemsAssociated with different subtypesYoung childrenProsocialityTraitsInstrumental needsMotivationChildrenSelfChildhoodNewborn Brain Function and Early Emerging Callous-Unemotional Traits
Brady R, Donohue M, Waller R, Latham A, Ayala M, Smyser T, Warner B, Barch D, Luby J, Rogers C, Smyser C. Newborn Brain Function and Early Emerging Callous-Unemotional Traits. JAMA Psychiatry 2024, 81: 303-311. PMID: 38117491, PMCID: PMC10733851, DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4842.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCallous-unemotional traitsMedial prefrontal cortexChild externalizing symptomsCingulo-opercular networkFunctional connectivityExternalizing symptomsInventory of Callous-Unemotional TraitsChild callous-unemotional traitsBrain functionAssociated with lower empathyNovel intervention developmentPersistent conduct problemsExposure to socioeconomic disadvantageAt-risk childrenCallous-unemotionalNeurobiological underpinningsPrefrontal cortexLow empathyLow prosocialityNeural mechanismsBrain regionsConnectivity analysisDevelopment of novel treatmentsProsocialityLongitudinal cohort studyLess attention to emotional faces is associated with low empathy and prosociality in 12‐to 20‐month old infants
Donohue M, Camacho M, Drake J, Schwarzlose R, Brady R, Hoyniak C, Hennefield L, Wakschlag L, Rogers C, Barch D, Luby J. Less attention to emotional faces is associated with low empathy and prosociality in 12‐to 20‐month old infants. Infancy 2024, 29: 113-136. PMID: 38173191, PMCID: PMC10872599, DOI: 10.1111/infa.12569.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNegative emotional facesEmotional facesDevelopment of empathyEye regionAssociated with less empathyEye region of facesAssociated with lower empathyEmotional processing skillsRegion of facesAngry facesFearful facesEmotional processingInfant attentionLow empathyAssociated with disruptionProsocial behaviorDecreased attentionProsocial helpingDiverse sampleComfort behaviourDevelopmental periodEffect sizeProsocialityProcess skillsEmpathy
2022
Expectancy Effects Threaten the Inferential Validity of Synchrony-Prosociality Research
Atwood S, Schachner A, Mehr S. Expectancy Effects Threaten the Inferential Validity of Synchrony-Prosociality Research. Open Mind 2022, 6: 280-290. PMID: 36891035, PMCID: PMC9987344, DOI: 10.1162/opmi_a_00067.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEffect of synchronyParticipants' expectanciesProsocial attitudesExperimenter biasMeta-analytic evidencePreregistered experimentsExpectancy effectsAlternative accountIndependent replication attemptsProsocialityExperimenter effectsReplication attemptsInferential validityExperimenter expectancyPlacebo effect
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