2025
Efficacy of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.
Zhang W, Wu X, Wang Z, Shi Y, Vermund S, Zou H. Efficacy of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2025, 178: 757-758. PMID: 40388823, DOI: 10.7326/annals-24-03589.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2024
Efficacy of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men : A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Gao Y, Zhan Y, Sun Y, Zheng W, Zhang W, Fu L, Guo Z, Lin Y, Li Y, Zheng L, Zhan Y, Zhu Z, Duan J, Zhang G, Huang T, Su B, Yu M, Wu G, Ouyang L, Zhao J, Wang G, Zhou Y, Qian H, Fitzpatrick T, Vermund S, Zou H. Efficacy of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2024, 177: 719-728. PMID: 38801778, DOI: 10.7326/m23-3317.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVoluntary medical male circumcisionEfficacy of VMMCPreventing incident HIV infectionsRandomized Controlled TrialsMedical male circumcisionIncident HIV infectionIntervention groupInsertive anal intercoursePractice insertive anal intercourseMale circumcisionAnal intercourseIncidence rate of syphilisHIV infectionRates of syphilisMale sex partnersSexually transmitted infectionsIntention-to-treat analysisPrevent HIV InfectionHIV incidenceControl groupHIV riskIncidence rateHerpes simplex virus type 2HIV seroconversionSelf-Report
2022
Does Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Reduce HIV Risk in Men Who Have Sex with Men?
Lin Y, Gao Y, Sun Y, Turner D, Zou H, Vermund S, Qian H. Does Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Reduce HIV Risk in Men Who Have Sex with Men? Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2022, 19: 522-525. PMID: 36520379, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00637-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoluntary medical male circumcisionRandomized clinical trialsHIV riskMedical male circumcisionPurpose of ReviewToSubgroup of menHIV prevalenceClinical trialsAnal sexMale circumcisionPopulation-level impactAvailable evidenceMSMInsertive roleConflicting resultsMenSexRiskOriginal studyEfficacyInterventionEvidenceReviewToStrong evidencePrevalenceVoluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Reduce HIV Acquisition and Transmission
Vermund S. Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Reduce HIV Acquisition and Transmission. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2022, 19: 471-473. PMID: 36478080, PMCID: PMC10767716, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00631-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV acquisitionVoluntary medical male circumcisionHIV infection acquisitionVoluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programsMinor surgical interventionsMale circumcision programsHIV incidence ratesHigh HIV prevalenceMedical male circumcisionFirst clinical trialUninfected menHIV incidenceHIV prevalenceInfection acquisitionSaharan AfricaSurgical interventionCircumcision programsClinical trialsIncidence ratePreventive benefitsHIV riskCircumcision ratesRecent FindingsSinceMale circumcisionHealth sectionVoluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: a Global Overview
Zhang C, Vermund S. Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention: a Global Overview. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2022, 19: 474-483. PMID: 36348186, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00632-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoluntary medical male circumcisionMedical male circumcisionHIV preventionMale circumcisionPrevention strategiesEvidence-based HIV prevention strategiesBehavioral prevention strategiesHigher sexual risk behaviorsHIV prevention strategiesSexual risk behaviorsPurpose of ReviewWithDecreased riskClinical trialsCircumcision coverageVMMC coverageProtective effectRecent FindingsThereHealth professionalsSystematic reviewIncidence areaRisk behaviorsSexual partnersHealth authoritiesHealth systemMale partners
2021
Association between medical male circumcision and HIV risk compensation among heterosexual men: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Gao Y, Yuan T, Zhan Y, Qian HZ, Sun Y, Zheng W, Fu L, Liang B, Zhu Z, Ouyang L, Liu M, Fitzpatrick T, Wu Z, Meng X, Baeten JM, Zhao J, Vermund SH, Yu M, Wu G, Su B, Zou H. Association between medical male circumcision and HIV risk compensation among heterosexual men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2021, 9: e932-e941. PMID: 33939956, PMCID: PMC8690595, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00102-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedical male circumcisionHigh-risk sexual behaviorOdds ratioMultiple sex partnersSex partnersHIV infectionMale circumcisionMantel-Haenszel random-effects modelSystematic reviewCondom useHeterosexual menLow self-perceived riskAdjusted odds ratioSelf-perceived riskPooled odds ratioHIV preventive measuresMultiple sexual partnersSexual behaviorRandom-effects modelSexual health educationOriginal study dataCircumcision prevalenceCochrane LibrarySubgroup analysisEligible studies
2020
Mobile Device Usage by Gender Among High-Risk HIV Individuals in a Rural, Resource-Limited Setting
Campbell BR, Choi K, Neils MG, Canan C, Moll A, Dillingham R, Shenoi SV. Mobile Device Usage by Gender Among High-Risk HIV Individuals in a Rural, Resource-Limited Setting. Telemedicine Journal And E-Health 2020, 27: 615-624. PMID: 32835638, PMCID: PMC8215405, DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0218.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMHealth interventionsRural KwaZulu-NatalCare of HIVLack of circumcisionMultivariable logistic regressionMedical male circumcisionResource limited settingsHealthcare messagesCircumcision statusHIV counselingHIV individualsMiddle-income countriesCondomless sexMale circumcisionCondom useCommunity settingsLogistic regressionHIVYoung womenHealthcare interventionsUnderserved populationsKwaZulu-NatalHealth information seekingHealth informationIntervention
2019
1657. Notes From the Field: A Survey of Mobile Device Usage Among Individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Campbell B, Choi K, Gray M, Canan C, Moll A, Dillingham R, Shenoi S. 1657. Notes From the Field: A Survey of Mobile Device Usage Among Individuals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2019, 6: s606-s606. PMCID: PMC6810393, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1521.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMHealth interventionsRural KwaZulu-NatalCondomless sexHealthcare messagesCare of HIVLack of circumcisionMultivariable logistic regressionMedical male circumcisionMonthly grantsCircumcision statusMedian ageHIV counselingMiddle-income countriesLMIC populationsMale circumcisionCondom useCommunity settingsKwaZulu-NatalLogistic regressionYoung womenHealthcare interventionsHIVUnderserved populationsHealth information seekingHealth informationPredicting the long-term impact of voluntary medical male circumcision on HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China
Zhang C, Webb GF, Lou J, Shepherd BE, Qian HZ, Liu Y, Vermund SH. Predicting the long-term impact of voluntary medical male circumcision on HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. AIDS Care 2019, 32: 343-353. PMID: 31619058, PMCID: PMC6981072, DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1679704.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoluntary medical male circumcisionNew HIV casesMedical male circumcisionHIV incidenceHIV casesMale circumcisionSignificant public health impactHIV prevention interventionsPublic health impactCoverage ratePrevention interventionsNew infectionsEvidence baseMSMMenHealth impactsIncidenceCircumcisionLong-term impactFirst studyDifferent coverage ratesInfectionPrevalenceBaselineModeling economic and epidemiological impact of voluntary medical male circumcision among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China
Zhang C, Penson DF, Qian HZ, Webb GF, Lou J, Shephard BE, Liu Y, Vermund SH. Modeling economic and epidemiological impact of voluntary medical male circumcision among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. International Journal Of STD & AIDS 2019, 30: 630-638. PMID: 30890118, PMCID: PMC6666307, DOI: 10.1177/0956462419831859.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoluntary medical male circumcisionNew HIV casesMedical male circumcisionHIV casesMale circumcisionHIV/AIDS epidemicCoverage rateHIV acquisitionHIV incidenceCumulative numberCircumcision ratesDeterministic compartmental modelEpidemiological impactVMMC implementationAIDS epidemicMenMSMCircumcisionSexYearsCompartmental modelCasesIncidenceVoluntary medical male circumcision and HIV infection among men who have sex with men: Implications from a systematic review
Zhang C, Qian HZ, Liu Y, Vermund SH. Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV infection among men who have sex with men: Implications from a systematic review. SAGE Open Medicine 2019, 7: 2050312119869110. PMID: 31448119, PMCID: PMC6689924, DOI: 10.1177/2050312119869110.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVoluntary medical male circumcisionMedical male circumcisionMale circumcisionSystematic reviewHIV infectionProtective effectPotential protective effectArticles/abstractsMeta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelinesRandomized control trialPreferred Reporting ItemsRandom-effects modelKey study characteristicsComprehensive literature searchSubgroup analysisHIV epidemicHIV preventionHIV riskControl trialReporting ItemsStudy characteristicsLiterature searchCircumcisionSexMen
2016
Lower HIV Risk Among Circumcised Men Who Have Sex With Men in China
Qian HZ, Ruan Y, Liu Y, Milam DF, Spiegel HM, Yin L, Li D, Shepherd BE, Shao Y, Vermund SH. Lower HIV Risk Among Circumcised Men Who Have Sex With Men in China. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2016, 71: 444-451. PMID: 26413852, PMCID: PMC4767598, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000856.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLower oddsHIV infectionGenital examinationMale circumcisionVoluntary medical male circumcisionLifetime male sexual partnersHIV heterosexual transmissionMale sexual transmissionLow HIV riskInsertive anal sexInsertive anal intercourseMedical male circumcisionMale sexual partnersAnal sex rolesUncircumcised menCircumcision statusHeterosexual transmissionSexual transmissionInsertive sexClinical trialsHIV riskCircumcision ratesSyphilis riskAnal intercourseLower risk
2014
Strategic Roles for Health Communication in Combination HIV Prevention and Care Programs
Vermund SH, Van Lith LM, Holtgrave D. Strategic Roles for Health Communication in Combination HIV Prevention and Care Programs. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2014, 66: s237-s240. PMID: 25007259, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000244.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV preventionHealth communicationAcquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeVoluntary medical male circumcisionPrevention of motherOpiate substitution therapyImmune deficiency syndromeCombination HIV preventionMedical male circumcisionRisk of HIVHealth communication expertsEvidence of effectivenessHealth communication strategiesEffective health communicationHealth communication approachChild transmissionPreexposure prophylaxisHIV controlSubstitution therapyDeficiency syndromeCurrent evidenceMale circumcisionCare programNeedle exchangePreventionHPTN 071 (PopART): Rationale and design of a cluster-randomised trial of the population impact of an HIV combination prevention intervention including universal testing and treatment – a study protocol for a cluster randomised trial
Hayes R, Ayles H, Beyers N, Sabapathy K, Floyd S, Shanaube K, Bock P, Griffith S, Moore A, Watson-Jones D, Fraser C, Vermund SH, Fidler S, The HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team. HPTN 071 (PopART): Rationale and design of a cluster-randomised trial of the population impact of an HIV combination prevention intervention including universal testing and treatment – a study protocol for a cluster randomised trial. Trials 2014, 15: 57. PMID: 24524229, PMCID: PMC3929317, DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-57.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAnti-HIV AgentsCircumcision, MaleClinical ProtocolsCost-Benefit AnalysisDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleHealth Care CostsHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMaleMass ScreeningPredictive Value of TestsPrevalenceResearch DesignSouth AfricaTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultZambiaConceptsImmediate antiretroviral treatmentAntiretroviral treatmentHIV incidenceHIV testingCombination HIV prevention packageHIV combination prevention interventionsHome-based HIV testingUniversal testingCombination prevention interventionsHIV prevention packageHPTN 071 (PopART) trialUniversal HIV testingHIV-negative menCluster-randomised trialCurrent national guidelinesStandard of careMedical male circumcisionPublic health problemThree-arm designPotential adverse effectsART initiationHPTN 071Testing HIVSecondary outcomesArm B
2013
Can Combination Prevention Strategies Reduce HIV Transmission in Generalized Epidemic Settings in Africa? The HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Plan in South Africa and Zambia
Vermund SH, Fidler SJ, Ayles H, Beyers N, Hayes RJ. Can Combination Prevention Strategies Reduce HIV Transmission in Generalized Epidemic Settings in Africa? The HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Plan in South Africa and Zambia. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2013, 63: s221-s227. PMID: 23764639, PMCID: PMC3739051, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e318299c3f4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV Prevention Trials NetworkHPTN 071 (PopART) studyHPTN 071HIV incidenceHIV transmissionHome-based HIV testingVoluntary medical male circumcisionGeneralized epidemic settingsLinkage of HIVUniversal antiretroviral therapyChild HIV transmissionPrevention of motherHIV viral loadCommunity health workersMedical male circumcisionCommunity-randomized trialIntervention strategiesCombination prevention strategiesAntiretroviral therapyHIV acquisitionSeropositive personsTuberculosis servicesHIV testingViral loadTuberculosis transmissionCombination Prevention: New Hope for Stopping the Epidemic
Vermund SH, Hayes RJ. Combination Prevention: New Hope for Stopping the Epidemic. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2013, 10: 169-186. PMID: 23456730, PMCID: PMC3642362, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-013-0155-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAfrica South of the SaharaAnti-HIV AgentsFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth PolicyHealth Services AccessibilityHIV InfectionsHumansInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalMaleMass ScreeningPatient Acceptance of Health CarePregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousRisk Reduction BehaviorSex WorkersSexual BehaviorSocial StigmaSocioeconomic FactorsWorld Health OrganizationConceptsAntiretroviral therapyVoluntary medical male circumcisionCombination prevention approachesOral antiretroviral drugsPre-exposure prophylaxisMedical male circumcisionSuccessful viral suppressionConsistent condom useEvidence-based modalitiesBoost vaccineViral suppressionHIV testingAntiretroviral coverageHIV transmissionAntiretroviral drugsBlood screeningVaginal microbicidesClean needlesInfection controlAdolescent sexual debutTransmission reductionFemale condomMale circumcisionSingle interventionHIV research
2012
Track E Implementation Science, Health Systems and Economics
Tiam A, Oyebanji O, Nkonyana J, Ahimbisibwe A, Putsoane M, Mokone M, Nyabela M, Isavwa A, Tsoeu M, Foso M, Buhendwa L, Chamie G, Kwarisiima D, Clark T, Kabami J, Jain V, Geng E, Petersen M, Thirumurthy H, Kamya M, Havlir D, Charlebois E, Consortium S, Hounkanrin G, Melkamu Y, Ibrahim I, Ogo I, Opeyemi O, Toki D, Grote S, Middleton‐Lee S, Robertson J, Mehta S, Bertrand J, Rech D, Njeuhmeli E, Castor D, Frade S, Loolpapit M, Machaku M, Mavhu W, Perry L, Bertrand J, Rech D, Njeuhmeli E, Castor D, Frade S, Loolpapit M, Machaku M, Mavhu W, Perry L, Soboil N, Cockburn J, Rech D, Taljaard D, Agot K, Ohaga S, Ayieko B, Omanga E, Kabare M, Lates J, Ongeri B, Wolde A, Sagwa E, Mabirizi D, Touhon M, Pringle A, Sheridan C, Evi J, Kizito H, Tugume G, Jaramillo L, Mulema V, Kabogoza S, Tumuhairwe D, Mumbe L, Kimuli R, Mugume A, Kohler J, Revathi A, Gwarzo U, Maji T, Isa‐Dutse S, Ahmed Y, Obayagbona K, Okechukwu E, Odafe S, Khamofu H, Torpey K, Chabikuli O, Mulenga E, Chisoko C, Mulenga Y, Makoane C, Yekeye R, Manenji A, Magure D, Regan K, Seo D, Churchman E, Kiwango J, Gervas S, Whiddon L, Cohn J, Xiong K, Veres A, Dryden‐Peterson S, van Widenfelt E, Motshegwa P, Mine M, Moyo S, Keapoletswe K, Avalos A, Mmalane M, Shapiro R, Lockman S, Tobaiwa O, Bollinger T, Sitoe N, Lehe J, Peter T, Jani I, Quevedo J, Nwuba C, Dagunduro T, Umenyi C, Peters B, Afolayan F, Abolarin O, Segaren N, Lewis T, Desinor O, Simeon E, Segaren N, Drain P, Losina E, Chetty S, Giddy J, Ross D, Katz J, Coleman S, Bogart L, Freedberg K, Walensky R, Ingrid B, Sabapathy K, Van den Bergh R, Fidler S, Hayes R, Ford N, Wood A, Parris D, Hamilton F, Brockington S, Mbengashe T, Nevhutalu Z, Chipimo M, Chidarikire T, Diseko L, van der Helm J, Zuure F, Fennema H, Davidovich U, Prins M, group H, Panessa C, O'Briain W, McGowan G, Montaner J, Kendall P, Tirumalasetti V, Mahapatra B, Juneja S, Singh I, Jain V, Kwarisiima D, Liegler T, Clark T, Chamie G, Kabami J, Black D, Amanyire G, Byonanebye D, Geng E, Thirumurthy H, Petersen M, Charlebois E, Kamya M, Havlir D, Collaboration T, Hill A, Sawyer W, Chimbindi N, Newell M, Bärnighausen T, Bor J, Bärnighausen T, Tanser F, Newell M, Sun D, Dorman S, Shah M, Manabe Y, Dowdy D, Yazdanpanah Y, Perelman J, Alves J, Mansinho K, Dilorenzo M, Park J, Losina E, Walensky R, Noubary F, Barros H, Freedberg K, Paltiel A, Boyer S, March L, Kouanfack C, Laborde‐Balen G, Marino P, Aghokeng A, Mpoudi‐Ngole E, Koulla‐Shiro S, Delaporte E, Carrieri M, Spire B, Laurent C, Moatti J, Group S, Zeng G, Lu F, Khoshnood K, Wu Z, Escaleira F, Birger R, Hallett T, Grenfell B, Hodder S, Sinha A, Remme M, Vassall A, Lutz B, Watts C, Visnegarwala F, Nalli A, Babu R, Satish S, Pradeep L, Alexander G, Revill P, Sculpher M, Walker S, Chasela C, Kayira D, Hosseinipour M, Merry C, Barry M, King C, Jamieson D, Gibb D, van der Horst C, Ryan M, Walensky R, Sax P, Nakamura Y, Weinstein M, Pei P, Freedberg K, Paltiel A, Schackman B, Johnson D, Cheng X, Sulzbach S, Hasselberg E, Chavez J, Nidhi G, Ranebennur V, Gaikwad D, Bhende A, Maggard K, Hatwiinda S, Phiri W, Morse J, Turnbull E, Topp S, Roberts S, Samungole G, Kapata N, Chileshe C, Harris J, Reid S, Henostroza G, Labhardt N, Sello M, Mohlaba M, Keiser O, Pfeiffer K, Egger M, Ehmer J, Wandeler G, Scheibe F, Muhamadi L, Waiswa P, Mueller O, Neuhann H, Edmonds A, Thompson D, Okitolonda V, Feinstein L, Kawende B, Behets F, Team P, Shafique N, van Dijk J, Moss W, Sinywimaanzi P, Hamangaba F, Sutcliffe C, Shroufi A, Dixon M, Gunguwo H, Nyathi M, Ndlovu M, Saint‐Sauveur J, Taziwa F, Ndebele W, Ferreyra C, Anthony J, Hugar V, Munjattu J, Pal A, Gyarappagari S, Ghosh S, Murugan S, Fahim S, Naduta G, Fatti G, Grimwood A, Shea J, Nsabala H, Kapila G, Makwelebi V, Ndagano D, Tshipala D, Cornier N, Gounongbe M, Petros G, Assouan I, Bilguissa D, Spiegel P, Doumbouya B, Zaho M, Adouko S, Komena E, Mensah‐Maïka B, Touré S, Purification N, Chandrashekar S, Vassal A, Shetty G, Alary M, Vickerman P, Nguyen T, Weir B, Pinkerton S, Jarlais D, Holtgrave D, Telake D, Formson C, Forsythe S, El‐Adas A, Amenyah R, Koleros A, Addo N, Asante F, Wondergem P, Atuahene K, Asante K, Dancel E, Ashigbie P, Senefeld S, Miller C, Mgugu D, Mavise G, Rowe W, Thirumurthy H, Chamie G, Kabami J, Jain V, Clark T, Kwarisiima D, Geng E, Petersen M, Kamya M, Charlebois E, Havlir D, Collaboration T, Bor J, Herbst A, Newell M, Bärnighausen T, Orlando S, Alumando E, Marazzi M, Germano P, Guidotti G, Gennaro E, Ciccacci F, Palombi L, Mondal S, Gupta I, Meyer‐Rath G, Pienaar J, Brink B, van Zyl A, Muirhead D, Grant A, Churchyard G, Watts C, Vickerman P, Birdthistle I, Dringus S, Knight L, Yankah E, Idele P, Suzuki C, Nguyen L, Kasedde S, Katz I, Wong W, Glandon D, Kargbo B, Ombam R, Singh S, Osika J, Teyssier L, Arrighi Y, Nguimfack B, Moatti J, Ali S, Menzies N, Kenyon T, Melaku Z, Gadisa T, Graham B, Feleke G, Zewdu S, Makonnen M, Mattanovich D, Mamo Y, Simelela N, Senabe S, Sozi C, Damisoni H, Guthrie T, Rodrigues R, Shet A, Swaroop N, Shastri S, Bogg L, De Costa A, Makani V, Rusakaniko S, Angela A, ‐Chikwinya B, Shetty A, Chandisarewa W, Group Z, Garcia C, Tweya H, Feldacker C, Phiri S, Weigel R, Muttai H, Wanjiku L, Gichangi A, Miruka F, Ayuaya T, Soti D, Zeh C, Ackers M, Nganga L, Muttai H, Anthony G, Miruka F, Soti D, Okonji J, Ackers M, Palchaudhuri S, Tweya H, Hosseinipour M, Muchedzi A, Chadambuka A, Chikwinya B, Mahomva A, Dhaliwal M, Avafia T, O'Malley J, Konstantinov B, Milani B, Oh C, Practice U, Park C, Moon S, Burrone E, Boulet P, Juneja S, Hoen E, Villardi P, Spiegel P, Hering H, Paik E, Schilperoord M, Ditmore M, Allman D, Shakarishvili A, Sharapka K, Gotsadze G, Ilnitski A, Nizova N, Zhyhinas O, Dutta A, Wallace N, Savosnick P, Adungosi J, Kioko U, Stewart S, Hijazi M, Gichanga B, Bhardwaj K, Freeman A, Kiumbu M, Mwamba B, Atibu J, Kalenga L, Mukumbi H, Ntambwe T, Ramazani R, Mafutamingi J, Mwepu C, Kalindula B, Mbuya V, Mwila L, Cummiskey C, Stolka K, Newman J, Hemingway‐Foday J. Track E Implementation Science, Health Systems and Economics. Journal Of The International AIDS Society 2012, 15: 18443-01. PMCID: PMC3499904, DOI: 10.7448/ias.15.5.18443.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLate-stage HIV diseaseFirst-line ART regimenNeed of ARTCommunity health workersNumber of patientsHome-based testingInjection drug usersMedical male circumcisionIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioNon-communicable diseasesFemale sex workersMedical College HospitalPatient/yearAntiretroviral treatment programElizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS FoundationSt. John's Medical College HospitalQuality-adjusted life yearsMobile phone remindersResource-poor settingsTen-year CVD riskYears of ARTCost-effectiveness ratioMinistry of HealthHIV/AIDSHIV-positive infants
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