2024
Neural responses to stress and alcohol cues in individuals with pain with and without alcohol use disorder
Radoman M, McGowan C, Heilner E, Lacadie C, Sinha R. Neural responses to stress and alcohol cues in individuals with pain with and without alcohol use disorder. Addiction Biology 2024, 29: e70010. PMID: 39660770, PMCID: PMC11632857, DOI: 10.1111/adb.70010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior insular cortexAlcohol use disorderRight anterior insular cortexOrbitofrontal cortexUse disorderAlcohol cue-induced cravingStages of alcohol use disorderDorsal anterior cingulate cortexLeft anterior insular cortexNeural responses to stressAlcohol cue-reactivityCue-elicited cravingOFC responsesRight dorsal caudateCue-induced cravingAnterior cingulate cortexVoxel-based analysisResponse to stressPreoccupation/anticipation stageAlcohol cuesCraving assessmentCue-reactivityAmygdala hyperactivationAlcohol cravingCue exposure
2021
Patients with chronic pain exhibit individually unique cortical signatures of pain encoding
Mayr A, Jahn P, Stankewitz A, Deak B, Winkler A, Witkovsky V, Eren O, Straube A, Schulz E. Patients with chronic pain exhibit individually unique cortical signatures of pain encoding. Human Brain Mapping 2021, 43: 1676-1693. PMID: 34921467, PMCID: PMC8886665, DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25750.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic back painEndogenous painAnterior insular cortexBack painChronic painInsular cortexCortical signaturesChronic pain exhibitChronic migraine patientsChange of painIntensity of painFunctional MRI sessionsUnique cortical signaturesChronic migrainePain intensityMigraine patientsPainMultifaceted diseaseClinical observationsPatientsLinear mixed effects modelsFrontal operculumMRI sessionsMixed effects modelsCortical processes
2020
An insula‐driven network computes decision uncertainty and promotes abstinence in chronic cocaine users
Yu J, Fiore V, Briggs R, Braud J, Rubia K, Adinoff B, Gu X. An insula‐driven network computes decision uncertainty and promotes abstinence in chronic cocaine users. European Journal Of Neuroscience 2020, 52: 4923-4936. PMID: 33439518, PMCID: PMC8485760, DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14917.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCocaine use disorderAnterior insular cortexCUD participantsDorsal anterior cingulate cortexVentral striatumCocaine use disorder individualsModel-based fMRIAnterior cingulate cortexChronic cocaine usersResidential treatment programDynamic causal modelingChoice uncertaintyMotor decision taskDecision taskCingulate cortexCocaine usersUse disorderInsular cortexBrain regionsTreatment programsDecision uncertaintyImpact relapseAbstinenceStronger activationCausal model
2019
Anterior insular cortex plays a critical role in interoceptive attention
Wang X, Wu Q, Egan L, Gu X, Liu P, Gu H, Yang Y, Luo J, Wu Y, Gao Z, Fan J. Anterior insular cortex plays a critical role in interoceptive attention. ELife 2019, 8: e42265. PMID: 30985277, PMCID: PMC6488299, DOI: 10.7554/elife.42265.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior insular cortexAnterior insular cortex activityInteroceptive attentionInsular cortexFunctional magnetic resonance imagingVisual sensory areasInteroceptive accuracyLesion patientsHealthy participantsSensory areasDiscrimination accuracyMagnetic resonance imagingSomatosensory areaCortexResonance imagingAttentionBreathing rhythmPatientsTaskEvidenceParticipants
2016
Micturition Drive is Associated with Decreased Brain Response to Palatable Milkshake in the Human Anterior Insular Cortex
Gao X, Sun X, Veldhuizen M, Nakamura Y, Kroemer N, Small D. Micturition Drive is Associated with Decreased Brain Response to Palatable Milkshake in the Human Anterior Insular Cortex. Chemosensory Perception 2016, 9: 174-181. DOI: 10.1007/s12078-016-9215-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAnterior insular cortexInsular cortexInsular responsesMagnetic resonance imaging studyBrain responsesResonance imaging studyFunctional magnetic resonance imaging studyPalatable milkshakeConclusionThis findingSmall bolusImaging studiesCortexVisceral representationMilkshakePrevious reportsInteroceptive informationTime participantsResponseBolusDissociable Fronto-Operculum-Insula Control Signals for Anticipation and Detection of Inhibitory Sensory Cue.
Cai W, Chen T, Ide JS, Li CR, Menon V. Dissociable Fronto-Operculum-Insula Control Signals for Anticipation and Detection of Inhibitory Sensory Cue. Cerebral Cortex 2016, 27: 4073-4082. PMID: 27473319, PMCID: PMC6059112, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInhibitory cuesInhibitory controlIndependent functional magnetic resonanceSensory cortexCausal influenceInferior frontal cortexMultiple sensory modalitiesFunctional magnetic resonanceAnterior insular cortexDynamic causal interactionsStrong causal influencesCue anticipationPrimary sensory cortexPrepotent responsesSalient stimuliSalient cuesSensory modalitiesTrial changesSensory cuesAdaptive behaviorCuesRight frontoRIFCExternal cuesHigher anticipation
2015
Autonomic and brain responses associated with empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder
Gu X, Eilam‐Stock T, Zhou T, Anagnostou E, Kolevzon A, Soorya L, Hof P, Friston K, Fan J. Autonomic and brain responses associated with empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder. Human Brain Mapping 2015, 36: 3323-3338. PMID: 25995134, PMCID: PMC4545680, DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22840.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSkin conductance responsesAutism spectrum disorderAnterior insular cortexInsular cortexEmpathy deficitsSpectrum disorderBrain connectivityNeural activityEmpathy-for-pain taskAutism spectrum disorder groupFunctional magnetic resonance imagingSocio-emotional impairmentsHigh-functioning adultsDynamic causal modelingSignificant group differencesEmotional processingSocial deficitsAutonomic arousalASD individualsConductance responsesGroup differencesCortical representationCortexCausal modelIntrinsic connectivity
2014
Abnormal autonomic and associated brain activities during rest in autism spectrum disorder
Eilam-Stock T, Xu P, Cao M, Gu X, Van Dam N, Anagnostou E, Kolevzon A, Soorya L, Park Y, Siller M, He Y, Hof P, Fan J. Abnormal autonomic and associated brain activities during rest in autism spectrum disorder. Brain 2014, 137: 153-171. PMID: 24424916, PMCID: PMC3891443, DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt294.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAlgorithmsAsperger SyndromeAutonomic Nervous SystemBrainChild Development Disorders, PervasiveData Interpretation, StatisticalDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersFemaleGalvanic Skin ResponseHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeural PathwaysNeuropsychological TestsRegression AnalysisWechsler ScalesYoung AdultConceptsSkin conductance responsesAutism spectrum disorderSpectrum disorderConductance responsesDefault mode network connectivityNon-specific skin conductance responsesSocio-emotional deficitsHigh-functioning adultsAnterior insular cortexFrontal brain regionsMode network connectivitySocio-emotional behaviorRelative to controlsAnterior cingulateEmotional processingEmotional deficitsNeurotypical controlsInsular cortexBrain regionsBrain activityControl participantsAutonomous processBrain fluctuationsAutismNeural activity
2013
Cognitive strategies regulate fictive, but not reward prediction error signals in a sequential investment task
Gu X, Kirk U, Lohrenz T, Montague P. Cognitive strategies regulate fictive, but not reward prediction error signals in a sequential investment task. Human Brain Mapping 2013, 35: 3738-3749. PMID: 24382784, PMCID: PMC4105325, DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22433.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsReward prediction error signalSequential investment taskPrediction error signalsReappraisal strategiesCognitive strategiesLearning signalsFunctional magnetic resonance imagingReward prediction errorAnterior insular cortexCognitive reappraisal strategiesInvestment taskFictive outcomesForegone rewardsReward outcomesReward processingBehavioral effectsNeural mechanismsInsular cortexBrain regionsNeural activityCognitive influencesRewardError signalLack of controlMagnetic resonance imagingAnterior insular cortex and emotional awareness
Gu X, Hof P, Friston K, Fan J. Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 2013, 521: 3371-3388. PMID: 23749500, PMCID: PMC3999437, DOI: 10.1002/cne.23368.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeople's emotional statesAnterior insular cortexAnterior cingulate cortexEmotional awarenessTop-down informationNeuroanatomical featuresConscious experienceConscious experience of emotionTop-down predictionsExperience of emotionTest casesCingulate cortexInteroceptive signalsAwareness statesInsular cortexStimulus-drivenEmotional states
2012
Anterior insular cortex is necessary for empathetic pain perception
Gu X, Gao Z, Wang X, Liu X, Knight R, Hof P, Fan J. Anterior insular cortex is necessary for empathetic pain perception. Brain 2012, 135: 2726-2735. PMID: 22961548, PMCID: PMC3437027, DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws199.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior cingulate cortex lesionsAnterior insular cortexCingulate cortex lesionsAnterior cingulate cortexInsular cortex lesionsCortex lesionsInsular cortexCingulate cortexNeuroimaging studiesPerson's affective stateInterference effectsNeuroimaging evidencePain perceptionNeuropsychiatric illnessAffective statesSocial functioningProlonged reaction timeCortexDiscrimination accuracyDeficitsEmpathetic responsesReaction timePain processingPerceptionPainCognition–Emotion Integration in the Anterior Insular Cortex
Gu X, Liu X, Van Dam N, Hof P, Fan J. Cognition–Emotion Integration in the Anterior Insular Cortex. Cerebral Cortex 2012, 23: 20-27. PMID: 22275476, PMCID: PMC3513949, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr367.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior insulaStimulus valenceCognitive demandsCognition-emotionBrain networksLaterality judgmentsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging studyEffects of cognitive demandAnterior insular cortexBilateral anterior insulaMagnetic resonance imaging studiesHealthy adult participantsEmotional processingFrontoparietal networkAffective processesEmotional valenceNonpainful situationsPosterior insulaInsular cortexMental resourcesPrimary somatosensory cortexAdult participantsBehavioral dataNonpainful stimuliInsula
2011
The Anterior Insular Cortex Represents Breaches of Taste Identity Expectation
Veldhuizen MG, Douglas D, Aschenbrenner K, Gitelman DR, Small DM. The Anterior Insular Cortex Represents Breaches of Taste Identity Expectation. Journal Of Neuroscience 2011, 31: 14735-14744. PMID: 21994389, PMCID: PMC3221736, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1502-11.2011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchModality-Specific Neural Effects of Selective Attention to Taste and Odor
Veldhuizen MG, Small DM. Modality-Specific Neural Effects of Selective Attention to Taste and Odor. Chemical Senses 2011, 36: 747-760. PMID: 21685407, PMCID: PMC3175104, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjr043.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary olfactory cortexPrimary taste cortexAnterior insular cortexInsular cortexOlfactory cortexTaste cortexPrimary gustatory cortexFunctional magnetic resonancePrimary olfactoryGustatory cortexModality-specific activationInsular responsesNeural effectsCortexBrain responsesMultimodal regionsTaste perceptionMagnetic resonanceGeneral effectSelective attentionActivationResponse
2010
Taste representation in the human insula
Small DM. Taste representation in the human insula. Brain Structure And Function 2010, 214: 551-561. PMID: 20512366, DOI: 10.1007/s00429-010-0266-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInsular cortexTaste cortexTaste representationsUnimodal sensory corticesPrimary taste cortexHuman insular cortexAnterior insular cortexHuman insulaInterspecies differencesSensory cortexSense of tasteCortexFeeding behaviorSensory regionsSignificant interspecies differencesCritical relayPrimary aimMonkeysHumans
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