2025
Fundamental physics opportunities with future ground-based mm/sub-mm VLBI arrays
Ayzenberg D, Blackburn L, Brito R, Britzen S, Broderick A, Carballo-Rubio R, Cardoso V, Chael A, Chatterjee K, Chen Y, Cunha P, Davoudiasl H, Denton P, Doeleman S, Eichhorn A, Eubanks M, Fang Y, Foschi A, Fromm C, Galison P, Ghosh S, Gold R, Gurvits L, Hadar S, Held A, Houston J, Hu Y, Johnson M, Kocherlakota P, Natarajan P, Olivares H, Palumbo D, Pesce D, Rajendran S, Roy R, Saurabh, Shao L, Tahura S, Tamar A, Tiede P, Vincent F, Visinelli L, Wang Z, Wielgus M, Xue X, Yakut K, Yang H, Younsi Z. Fundamental physics opportunities with future ground-based mm/sub-mm VLBI arrays. Living Reviews In Relativity 2025, 28: 4. DOI: 10.1007/s41114-025-00057-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesEvent Horizon TelescopeVery-long-baseline interferometryBlack holeNext-generation Event Horizon TelescopeProperties of supermassive black holesSupermassive black hole systemBlack hole systemsStrong-field regimeMilky Way GalaxyProbe physical processesWay GalaxyHole systemsVLBI arrayMm/sub-mmScience casesPhysics opportunitiesTelescopeImaging interferometryTheoretical studyHolesPhysical processesPhysical investigationsInterferometryGalaxiesSignatures of black hole seeding in the local Universe: predictions from the BRAHMA cosmological simulations
Bhowmick A, Blecha L, Torrey P, Somerville R, Kelley L, Weinberger R, Vogelsberger M, Hernquist L, Natarajan P, Kho J, Di Matteo T. Signatures of black hole seeding in the local Universe: predictions from the BRAHMA cosmological simulations. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2025, 538: 518-536. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staf269.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack holeDwarf galaxiesSeed modelLocal UniverseBlack hole seedsLow-redshift constraintsSupermassive black holesLocalized black holesLyman–Werner radiationGas accretionRedshift constraintsAccretion physicsCosmological simulationsBH populationMerger dynamicsOccupation fractionGalaxiesDwarfAccretionMergerMass seedsSpinSignaturePhysicsHolesRates of Stellar Tidal Disruption Events around Intermediate-mass Black Holes
Chang J, Dai L, Pfister H, Chowdhury R, Natarajan P. Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption Events around Intermediate-mass Black Holes. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2025, 980: l22. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adace7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntermediate-mass black holesTidal disruption eventsSupermassive black holesTidal disruption event ratesStellar tidal disruption eventsBlack holeBH massTDE ratesGlobular clustersDisruptive eventsGalactic nucleiHost galaxiesStellar profilesOccupation fractionGalaxiesYr-1Plunging eventsHolesTheoretical workVolumetric rateMassClustersCone theoryPinholeRegimeProposal for many-body quantum chaos detection
Das A, Cianci C, Cabral D, Zarate-Herrada D, Pinney P, Pilatowsky-Cameo S, Matsoukas-Roubeas A, Batista V, del Campo A, Torres-Herrera E, Santos L. Proposal for many-body quantum chaos detection. Physical Review Research 2025, 7: 013181. DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.7.013181.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSpectral form factorCorrelation holeForm factorsQuantum chaosTwo-point spectral correlation functionAnalysis of level statisticsMany-body quantum systemsSpin autocorrelation functionQuantum systemsRandom matrix theoryQuench dynamicsQuantum computationCorrelation functionLevel statisticsSpectral correlation functionPhysical quantitiesMatrix theoryChaos detectionHolesAutocorrelation functionSpectral correlationSurvival probabilityChaosQuantumSpin
2024
Overmassive Black Holes at Cosmic Noon: Linking the Local and the High-redshift Universe
Mezcua M, Pacucci F, Suh H, Siudek M, Natarajan P. Overmassive Black Holes at Cosmic Noon: Linking the Local and the High-redshift Universe. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2024, 966: l30. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad3c2a.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchJames Webb Space TelescopeSupermassive black holesBlack holeCosmic noonCoevolution of supermassive black holesHigh-redshift UniverseHigh-z sourcesLow-mass galaxiesStar formation historyOvermassive black holesPresent-day UniverseGalactic nucleiEarly universeHost galaxiesSpace TelescopeActive galaxiesCosmic timeRedshift rangeStellar contentHigh-zFormation historyGalaxiesLocal relationsHolesTelescope
2023
Flyby Galaxy Encounters with Multiple Black Holes Produce Star-forming Linear Features
Chen N, LaChance P, Ni Y, Di Matteo T, Croft R, Natarajan P, Bird S. Flyby Galaxy Encounters with Multiple Black Holes Produce Star-forming Linear Features. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2023, 954: l2. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aced45.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOvermassive central black holes in the cosmological simulations astrid and Illustris TNG50
Weller E, Pacucci F, Natarajan P, Di Matteo T. Overmassive central black holes in the cosmological simulations astrid and Illustris TNG50. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2023, 522: 4963-4971. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad1362.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCentral supermassive black holeSupermassive black holesLeo ICosmological simulationsOverdense regionsBlack holesCold dark matter cosmological simulationsMilky Way satellitesGalaxy Leo ICentral black holeLocal MBHStellar massHost galaxiesBH seedsAssembly historyGalaxiesDynamical measurementsDense environmentsGas fractionMBHLike systemAdditional environmental effectsHolesTNG50InfallA Candidate Runaway Supermassive Black Hole Identified by Shocks and Star Formation in its Wake
van Dokkum P, Pasha I, Buzzo M, LaMassa S, Shen Z, Keim M, Abraham R, Conroy C, Danieli S, Mitra K, Nagai D, Natarajan P, Romanowsky A, Tremblay G, Urry C, van den Bosch F. A Candidate Runaway Supermassive Black Hole Identified by Shocks and Star Formation in its Wake. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2023, 946: l50. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acba86.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesHubble Space TelescopeStar formationCircumgalactic mediumBlack holesCompact star-forming galaxiesBinary supermassive black holesStar-forming galaxiesContinuum coloursSpace TelescopeYoung starsHST imagesSurvey imagesBright knotsShocked gasFast shocksSpectrometer spectraHolesSerendipitous discoveryGalaxiesSimple modelTelescopeKpcFainterLuminosity
2022
The ngEHT’s Role in Measuring Supermassive Black Hole Spins
Ricarte A, Tiede P, Emami R, Tamar A, Natarajan P. The ngEHT’s Role in Measuring Supermassive Black Hole Spins. Galaxies 2022, 11: 6. DOI: 10.3390/galaxies11010006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black hole massSupermassive black holesBlack hole massSpin measurementsSupermassive black hole spinBlack holesEvent Horizon TelescopeEvent horizon scalesBlack hole spinHole spinCosmic timeTelescope ArrayHigh accretion ratesAccretion flowSpinCosmic AssemblyAccretion ratePre-existing samplesNew constraintsTelescopeHolesNew samplesConstraintsMeasurementsMultifrequencyThe two z ∼ 13 galaxy candidates HD1 and HD2 are likely not lensed
Lee R, Pacucci F, Natarajan P, Loeb A. The two z ∼ 13 galaxy candidates HD1 and HD2 are likely not lensed. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2022, 519: 585-593. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3605.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHubble Space TelescopeSupermassive black holesGalaxy candidatesStar formationHST imagingLensing hypothesisForeground galaxiesSpace TelescopeSpherical deflectorLensing galaxyEarly universeGravitational lensingDeep imagingBlack holesGalaxiesJWSTLuminosityHigh magnificationTelescopeLensingUniverseDeflectorUltravioletHolesMagnitudeExpectations for Horizon-Scale Supermassive Black Hole Population Studies with the ngEHT
Pesce D, Palumbo D, Ricarte A, Broderick A, Johnson M, Nagar N, Natarajan P, Gómez J. Expectations for Horizon-Scale Supermassive Black Hole Population Studies with the ngEHT. Galaxies 2022, 10: 109. DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10060109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesBlack hole massBlack holesEvent Horizon Telescope collaborationHole massEvent Horizon TelescopeBlack hole spinBlack hole shadowSMBH accretionEmission structurePrior theoretical studiesHole spinPhysical quantitiesSimple geometric modelPhysical parametersGeometric modelEntire skySource sizeTheoretical studyFlux densityHolesTelescopeSpinParametersEstimates
2019
Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes
Woods T, Agarwal B, Bromm V, Bunker A, Chen K, Chon S, Ferrara A, Glover S, Haemmerlé L, Haiman Z, Hartwig T, Heger A, Hirano S, Hosokawa T, Inayoshi K, Klessen R, Kobayashi C, Koliopanos F, Latif M, Li Y, Mayer L, Mezcua M, Natarajan P, Pacucci F, Rees M, Regan J, Sakurai Y, Salvadori S, Schneider R, Surace M, Tanaka T, Whalen D, Yoshida N. Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes. Publications Of The Astronomical Society Of Australia 2019, 36: e027. DOI: 10.1017/pasa.2019.14.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFirst supermassive black holesSupermassive black holesBlack holesEarly universeNext-generation observatoryMassive quasarsSupermassive starsMassive seedsProgenitor modelsFormation scenarioSuch objectsUniverseTheoretical understandingTheoretical evidenceQuasarsHolesStarsObservatoryPresent understanding
2016
Unveiling early black holes with JWST
Natarajan P. Unveiling early black holes with JWST. Proceedings Of The International Astronomical Union 2016, 12: 257-264. DOI: 10.1017/s174392131700076x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchJames Webb Space TelescopeBlack hole seedsBlack holesHigh redshiftUpcoming James Webb Space TelescopeEarly-stage mergersMulti-wavelength spectrumUnique observational signaturesSupermassive black holesEarly black holesHigh-redshift quasarsNearby galaxiesStellar componentSpace TelescopeAccretion luminosityObservational signaturesMassive seedsRedshift quasarsGalaxiesLonger wavelengthsRedshiftHolesTelescopeLuminosityQuasarsHot Hole Hopping in a Polyoxotitanate Cluster Terminated with Catechol Electron Donors
Bao J, Gundlach L, Yu Z, Benedict J, Snoeberger R, Batista V, Coppens P, Piotrowiak P. Hot Hole Hopping in a Polyoxotitanate Cluster Terminated with Catechol Electron Donors. The Journal Of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120: 20006-20015. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06042.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPolyoxotitanate clustersQuantum dynamics simulationsIntramolecular vibrational relaxationHole hoppingUltrafast spectroscopyPolaronic excitonsWavepacket propagationInjected electronsPolaronic statesVibrational relaxationCharge transfer bandCharge-separated stateHot holesConduction bandMolecular orbitalsElectronsDepolarization measurementsCatechol ligandInorganic coreCatechol siteCatechol moietyHoppingHolesElectron donorTiO2 coreDetecting direct collapse black holes: making the case for CR7
Agarwal B, Johnson J, Zackrisson E, Labbe I, van den Bosch F, Natarajan P, Khochfar S. Detecting direct collapse black holes: making the case for CR7. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2016, 460: 4003-4010. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1173.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2015
SU‐E‐T‐786: Utility of Gold Wires to Optimize Intensity Modulation Capacity of a Novel Directional Modulated Brachytherapy Tandem Applicator for Image Guided Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy
Han D, Safigholi H, Soliman A, Scanderbeg D, Liu Z, Song W. SU‐E‐T‐786: Utility of Gold Wires to Optimize Intensity Modulation Capacity of a Novel Directional Modulated Brachytherapy Tandem Applicator for Image Guided Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy. Medical Physics 2015, 42: 3518-3518. DOI: 10.1118/1.4925150.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDirection modulated brachytherapyD2cc dosesClinical plansDose of OARsCervical cancer brachytherapyDose distributionPlan qualityCancer brachytherapyTungsten alloy rodsGold wireTandem applicationsPlanning systemMonte CarloOARsRadiation intensityHolesClinical benefitBrachytherapyTungsten alloysCase 2Patient casesDoseDirectional beamsBeamWireTU‐AB‐201‐01: A Comprehensive Planning Comparison Study Between a Novel Direction Modulated Brachytherapy Tandem Applicator and Conventional T&R Applicator for Image Guided Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy
Han D, Tanderup K, Safigholi H, Soliman A, Scanderbeg D, Liu Z, Song W. TU‐AB‐201‐01: A Comprehensive Planning Comparison Study Between a Novel Direction Modulated Brachytherapy Tandem Applicator and Conventional T&R Applicator for Image Guided Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy. Medical Physics 2015, 42: 3593-3594. DOI: 10.1118/1.4925539.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDirection modulated brachytherapyClinically treated plansOAR dose limitsPlanning comparison studyPlan qualityTungsten alloy rodsIntensity modulationPDR brachytherapyClinical constraintsClinical conditionsBrachytherapyDose limitPeripheral holesTandem applicationsOARsPlastic sheathT&RNeedleAlloy rodsHolesConventional ringD90BladderRectumDwell time
2012
Probing quasar shutdown timescales with Hanny's Voorwerp
Evans D, Schawinski K, Virani S, Urry C, Keel W, Natarajan P, Lintott C, Manning A, Coppi P, Kaviraj S, Bamford S, Józsa G, Garrett M, van Arkel H, Gay P, Fortson L. Probing quasar shutdown timescales with Hanny's Voorwerp. AIP Conference Proceedings 2012, 1427: 193-200. DOI: 10.1063/1.3696176.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesHanny's VoorwerpBlack holesXMM-Newton X-ray observationsPhysics of accretionCenters of galaxiesX-ray observationsBlack hole transitionGalaxy formationQuasar phaseIC 2497Light echoesHole transitionsAccretion diskRadiative outputIndividual quasarsFirst measurementOrders of magnitudeSuch phasesHolesTimescalesGalaxiesSuzakuQuasarsTransition
2011
EVIDENCE FOR THREE ACCRETING BLACK HOLES IN A GALAXY AT z ∼ 1.35: A SNAPSHOT OF RECENTLY FORMED BLACK HOLE SEEDS?**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Institute. STScI is operated by the association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
Schawinski K, Urry M, Treister E, Simmons B, Natarajan P, Glikman E. EVIDENCE FOR THREE ACCRETING BLACK HOLES IN A GALAXY AT z ∼ 1.35: A SNAPSHOT OF RECENTLY FORMED BLACK HOLE SEEDS?**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Institute. STScI is operated by the association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2011, 743: l37. DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/l37.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holes formBlack hole formsBlack holesNASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeHole formsNASA contract NAS 5Star-forming galaxiesHubble Space TelescopeMassive black holesContract NAS 5Central black holeBlack hole seedsAssociation of UniversitiesGrism observationsClumpy galaxiesGalaxy bulgesGalaxy mergersHost galaxiesCosmology todaySpace TelescopeNAS 5GalaxiesMultiple black holesFormation modelHolesBlack hole growth in the early Universe is self-regulated and largely hidden from view
Treister E, Schawinski K, Volonteri M, Natarajan P, Gawiser E. Black hole growth in the early Universe is self-regulated and largely hidden from view. Nature 2011, 474: 356-358. PMID: 21677753, DOI: 10.1038/nature10103.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
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