2025
Signatures of black hole seeding in the local Universe: predictions from the BRAHMA cosmological simulations
Bhowmick A, Blecha L, Torrey P, Somerville R, Kelley L, Weinberger R, Vogelsberger M, Hernquist L, Natarajan P, Kho J, Di Matteo T. Signatures of black hole seeding in the local Universe: predictions from the BRAHMA cosmological simulations. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2025, 538: 518-536. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staf269.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack holeDwarf galaxiesSeed modelLocal UniverseBlack hole seedsLow-redshift constraintsSupermassive black holesLocalized black holesLyman–Werner radiationGas accretionRedshift constraintsAccretion physicsCosmological simulationsBH populationMerger dynamicsOccupation fractionGalaxiesDwarfAccretionMergerMass seedsSpinSignaturePhysicsHoles
2024
Multiwavelength Constraints on the Local Black Hole Occupation Fraction
Burke C, Natarajan P, Baldassare V, Geha M. Multiwavelength Constraints on the Local Black Hole Occupation Fraction. The Astrophysical Journal 2024, 978: 77. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad94d9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack hole occupation fractionIntermediate-mass black holesActive galactic nucleiAGN luminosity functionBlack hole seedsLuminosity functionOccupation fractionDwarf galaxiesLaser Interferometer Space Antenna missionVery Large Array Sky SurveyBlack hole mass functionFraction of dwarf galaxiesArray Sky SurveyLow-luminosity endPalomar Transient FactoryMass of MAccretion signaturesGalactic nucleiIMBH populationMultiwavelength constraintsStellar massBlack holeLow redshiftRadio dataSky SurveyAn Enhanced Massive Black Hole Occupation Fraction Predicted in Cluster Dwarf Galaxies
Tremmel M, Ricarte A, Natarajan P, Bellovary J, Sharma R, Quinn T. An Enhanced Massive Black Hole Occupation Fraction Predicted in Cluster Dwarf Galaxies. The Open Journal Of Astrophysics 2024, 7 DOI: 10.33232/001c.116617.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMassive black holesLow-mass galaxiesBlack hole occupation fractionDwarf galaxiesMass galaxiesOccupation fractionBlack holeCosmological simulationsCluster environmentPopulation of massive black holesFunction of galaxy stellar massLow-mass black holesMassive black hole formationSeed massive black holeHost massive black holesMass black holesNuclear star clusterGalaxy stellar massCluster dwarf galaxiesMass assembly historyLocal gas propertiesStellar massEarly universeStar clustersCluster dwarfs
2023
Constraints From Dwarf Galaxies on Black Hole Seeding and Growth Models With Current and Future Surveys
Chadayammuri U, Bogdán Á, Ricarte A, Natarajan P. Constraints From Dwarf Galaxies on Black Hole Seeding and Growth Models With Current and Future Surveys. The Astrophysical Journal 2023, 946: 51. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acbea6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDwarf galaxiesIntermediate-mass black holesActive galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosityCurrent X-ray observationsLarge survey volumesStar formation rateAGN luminosity functionX-ray observationsLower BH massesMBH populationSemianalytical modelBH accretionBH massFundamental planeHubble timeMass assemblyMultiwavelength campaignEddington ratioLuminosity functionSurvey volumeShallow surveysBlack holesGalaxiesOccupation fractionObserved AGN
2022
Dwarf AGNs from variability for the origins of seeds (DAVOS): Intermediate-mass black hole demographics from optical synoptic surveys
Burke C, Shen Y, Liu X, Natarajan P, Caplar N, Bellovary J, Wang Z. Dwarf AGNs from variability for the origins of seeds (DAVOS): Intermediate-mass black hole demographics from optical synoptic surveys. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2022, 518: 1880-1904. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac2478.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiStellar massDwarf galaxiesIMBH massOptical variabilityRubin ObservatoryHost galaxy stellar massVariable active galactic nucleiHost stellar massGalaxy stellar massVera C. Rubin ObservatorySpectral energy distributionBlack hole massMock light curvesBlack hole demographicsGalactic nucleiMonte Carlo modelLuminosity functionHole massLight curvesRapid variabilitySurvey sensitivityEnergy distributionObservational constraintsMass range
2020
A new channel to form IMBHs throughout cosmic time
Natarajan P. A new channel to form IMBHs throughout cosmic time. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2020, 501: 1413-1425. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3724.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNuclear star clustersBlack holesCosmic timeLow-mass dwarf galaxiesFormation of BHsFirst black holesLow-mass dwarfsCenter black holeTidal disruption eventsZero-angular momentumIMBH formationMassive galaxiesDwarf galaxiesCosmic epochsGas accretionHigh redshiftStar clustersBH formationBH massHole rangeDisruption eventsAngular momentumFinal massMass gapWave coalescence
1998
Quasar outflows and the formation of dwarf galaxies
Natarajan P, Sigurdsson S, Silk J. Quasar outflows and the formation of dwarf galaxies. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 1998, 298: 577-582. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01703.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDwarf galaxiesIntergalactic mediumCosmic microwave background radiation mapHigh-redshift quasarsHigh redshiftGlobular clustersArcminute scalesRadio wavebandsLuminous quasarsEnergetic outflowsHot bubbleObservational detectionOptimal detection strategyGalaxiesQuasarsX-rayRadiation mapsRedshiftDwarfsIntrinsic propertiesWavebandsOutflowSame modelImagingMass
1997
The host to gamma-ray burst 970508: a distant dwarf galaxy? 1 Supplementary materials are available at, http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9807315 1
Natarajan P, Bloom J, Sigurdsson S, Johnson R, Tanvir N, Groot P, Galama T, Van Paradijs J, Kouveliotou C. The host to gamma-ray burst 970508: a distant dwarf galaxy? 1 Supplementary materials are available at, http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9807315 1. New Astronomy 1997, 2: 471-475. DOI: 10.1016/s1384-1076(97)00033-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOptical transientsHost galaxiesDwarf galaxiesMg II absorption featuresHubble Space Telescope imagesDistant dwarf galaxiesGRB host galaxiesSpace Telescope imagesFaint galaxiesTelescope imagesGalaxiesMetzger et alComoving distanceSpectral linesStar modelsAbsorption featuresIntrinsic brightnessLarge distancesGRBsLarge offsetsAbsorption systemBrightnessSupplementary materialTransientsDistance
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