2025
Hubble Space Telescope Observations within the Sphere of Influence of the Powerful Supermassive Black Hole in PKS 0745-191
Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Choi H, Guo M, Richard-Laferrière A, Rhea C, Prunier M, Russell H, Fabian A, Walsh J, Gingras M, McNamara B, Allen S, Chené A, Edge A, Gendron-Marsolais M, McDonald M, Natarajan P, Sanders J, Steiner J, Vigneron B, von der Linden A. Hubble Space Telescope Observations within the Sphere of Influence of the Powerful Supermassive Black Hole in PKS 0745-191. The Astrophysical Journal 2025, 980: 170. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ada7ed.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesActive galactic nucleiRadio-mode feedbackBlack holeIonized gasSpace Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observationsHubble Space Telescope observationsSupermassive black hole fuelingActive galactic nucleus feedbackSpace Telescope observationsHubble Space TelescopeX-ray gasGas dynamicsGalactic nucleiMBH ~Host galaxiesKiloparsec scalesSpace TelescopeSubkiloparsec scalesTelescope observationsGalaxy clustersSpectrograph observationsJet activityBondi radiusGalaxy evolution
2024
Efficient Survey Design for Finding High-redshift Galaxies with JWST
Vujeva L, Steinhardt C, Jespersen C, Frye B, Koekemoer A, Natarajan P, Faisst A, Hibon P, Furtak L, Atek H, Cen R, Sneppen A. Efficient Survey Design for Finding High-redshift Galaxies with JWST. The Astrophysical Journal 2024, 974: 23. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad639d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNIRCam moduleGalaxy clustersLensing cluster fieldsHubble Space TelescopeMassive galaxy clustersBlank field surveysForeground galaxy clustersHigh-redshift galaxiesSpace TelescopeLensing clustersRedshift rangeSurvey strategyCluster fieldsJWSTSurvey depthGalaxiesSource planeHigh magnification factorObservational programMagnification factorLarge-areaHubbleImage planeNIRCamTelescope
2023
A Candidate Runaway Supermassive Black Hole Identified by Shocks and Star Formation in its Wake
van Dokkum P, Pasha I, Buzzo M, LaMassa S, Shen Z, Keim M, Abraham R, Conroy C, Danieli S, Mitra K, Nagai D, Natarajan P, Romanowsky A, Tremblay G, Urry C, van den Bosch F. A Candidate Runaway Supermassive Black Hole Identified by Shocks and Star Formation in its Wake. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2023, 946: l50. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acba86.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesHubble Space TelescopeStar formationCircumgalactic mediumBlack holesCompact star-forming galaxiesBinary supermassive black holesStar-forming galaxiesContinuum coloursSpace TelescopeYoung starsHST imagesSurvey imagesBright knotsShocked gasFast shocksSpectrometer spectraHolesSerendipitous discoveryGalaxiesSimple modelTelescopeKpcFainterLuminosityPrecision Modeling of JWST's First Cluster Lens SMACS J0723.3–7327* *Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs GO-11103, GO-12166, GO-12884, GO-1409; and on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, under NASA contract NAS 5–03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #2736.
Mahler G, Jauzac M, Richard J, Beauchesne B, Ebeling H, Lagattuta D, Natarajan P, Sharon K, Atek H, Claeyssens A, Clément B, Eckert D, Edge A, Kneib J, Niemiec A. Precision Modeling of JWST's First Cluster Lens SMACS J0723.3–7327* *Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs GO-11103, GO-12166, GO-12884, GO-1409; and on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, under NASA contract NAS 5–03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #2736. The Astrophysical Journal 2023, 945: 49. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acaea9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNASA contract NAS 5Contract NAS 5Space TelescopeNAS 5NASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeJames Webb Space TelescopeHubble Space Telescope observationsSpace Telescope Science InstituteBrightest cluster galaxiesStar-forming clumpsHubble Space TelescopeSpace Telescope observationsMultiple image systemsLens modelCluster mass distributionLine of sightAssociation of UniversitiesCluster galaxiesDistant universeBackground galaxiesChandra dataTelescope observationsGravitational lensingJWSTGalaxies
2022
The two z ∼ 13 galaxy candidates HD1 and HD2 are likely not lensed
Lee R, Pacucci F, Natarajan P, Loeb A. The two z ∼ 13 galaxy candidates HD1 and HD2 are likely not lensed. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2022, 519: 585-593. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3605.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHubble Space TelescopeSupermassive black holesGalaxy candidatesStar formationHST imagingLensing hypothesisForeground galaxiesSpace TelescopeSpherical deflectorLensing galaxyEarly universeGravitational lensingDeep imagingBlack holesGalaxiesJWSTLuminosityHigh magnificationTelescopeLensingUniverseDeflectorUltravioletHolesMagnitude
2017
The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results
Lotz J, Koekemoer A, Coe D, Grogin N, Capak P, Mack J, Anderson J, Avila R, Barker E, Borncamp D, Brammer G, Durbin M, Gunning H, Hilbert B, Jenkner H, Khandrika H, Levay Z, Lucas R, MacKenty J, Ogaz S, Porterfield B, Reid N, Robberto M, Royle P, Smith L, Storrie-Lombardi L, Sunnquist B, Surace J, Taylor D, Williams R, Bullock J, Dickinson M, Finkelstein S, Natarajan P, Richard J, Robertson B, Tumlinson J, Zitrin A, Flanagan K, Sembach K, Soifer B, Mountain M. The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results. The Astrophysical Journal 2017, 837: 97. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/837/1/97.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHubble Space TelescopePoint-source depthSpace TelescopeFrontier FieldsHubble Space Telescope ACS/WFCHubble Space Telescope orbitsJames Webb Space TelescopeMACSJ1149.5+2223Natural gravitational telescopesSpitzer Space TelescopePrimary science goalHigh-redshift galaxiesMACSJ0717.5+3745Frontier Fields clustersObservations of clustersAbell S1063MACSJ0416.1-2403WFC3/IR cameraHST imagesGravitational telescopesLensing galaxyDistant galaxiesScience goalsTiming campaignGalaxies
2015
ARE ULTRA-FAINT GALAXIES AT z = 6–8 RESPONSIBLE FOR COSMIC REIONIZATION? COMBINED CONSTRAINTS FROM THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTERS AND PARALLELS* * Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs 13495, 11386, 13389, and 11689. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Hubble Frontier Fields data and the lens models were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). This work utilizes gravitational lensing models produced by PIs Ebeling, Merten, and Zitrin, funded as part of the HST Frontier Fields program conducted by STScI.
Atek H, Richard J, Jauzac M, Kneib J, Natarajan P, Limousin M, Schaerer D, Jullo E, Ebeling H, Egami E, Clement B. ARE ULTRA-FAINT GALAXIES AT z = 6–8 RESPONSIBLE FOR COSMIC REIONIZATION? COMBINED CONSTRAINTS FROM THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTERS AND PARALLELS* * Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs 13495, 11386, 13389, and 11689. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Hubble Frontier Fields data and the lens models were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). This work utilizes gravitational lensing models produced by PIs Ebeling, Merten, and Zitrin, funded as part of the HST Frontier Fields program conducted by STScI. The Astrophysical Journal 2015, 814: 69. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/814/1/69.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNASA contract NAS 5Contract NAS 5UV LFsSpace TelescopeAssociation of UniversitiesLensing modelCosmic reionizationNAS 5NASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeDeep Hubble Space Telescope imagingRest-frame ultraviolet luminosity functionHubble Space Telescope imagingJames Webb Space TelescopeHubble Frontier Fields dataContribution of galaxiesParallel fieldUltra-faint galaxiesUV luminosity densityFrontier Fields programUltraviolet luminosity functionHubble Space TelescopeRedshift range zFaint-end slopeLarge aperture telescopesEffective survey volumeNEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE FAINT END OF THE UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT z ∼ 7–8 USING THE GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs 13495, 11386, 13389, and 11689. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Hubble Frontier Fields data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST).
Atek H, Richard J, Kneib J, Jauzac M, Schaerer D, Clement B, Limousin M, Jullo E, Natarajan P, Egami E, Ebeling H. NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE FAINT END OF THE UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT z ∼ 7–8 USING THE GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs 13495, 11386, 13389, and 11689. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Hubble Frontier Fields data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). The Astrophysical Journal 2015, 800: 18. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/800/1/18.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNASA contract NAS 5UV luminosity functionContract NAS 5Faint-end slopeLuminosity functionAssociation of UniversitiesGalaxy clustersSpace TelescopeGravitational lensingNAS 5NASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeHubble Frontier Fields programHubble Frontier Field clustersHubble Frontier Fields dataHubble Space Telescope observationsSteep faint-end slopeBlank-field surveysFaint galaxy populationMassive galaxy clustersFrontier Fields programFrontier Field clustersGalaxy luminosity functionHubble Space TelescopeSpace Telescope observationsBuildup of galaxies
2014
PROBING THE z > 6 UNIVERSE WITH THE FIRST HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs 13495 and 11689. Based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. This work utilizes gravitational lensing models produced by PIs Ebeling, Merten, and Zitrin, and Sharon funded as part of the HST Frontier Fields program conducted by STScI. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The lens models were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST).
Atek H, Richard J, Kneib J, Clement B, Egami E, Ebeling H, Jauzac M, Jullo E, Laporte N, Limousin M, Natarajan P. PROBING THE z > 6 UNIVERSE WITH THE FIRST HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER A2744**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs 13495 and 11689. Based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. This work utilizes gravitational lensing models produced by PIs Ebeling, Merten, and Zitrin, and Sharon funded as part of the HST Frontier Fields program conducted by STScI. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The lens models were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). The Astrophysical Journal 2014, 786: 60. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/786/1/60.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHubble Space TelescopeNASA contract NAS 5Massive galaxy clustersFrontier Fields programContract NAS 5Space TelescopeLuminosity functionAssociation of UniversitiesGalaxy clustersNAS 5NASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeRest-frame ultraviolet luminosity functionHubble Frontier Fields programHubble Frontier Field clustersHigh-redshift galaxiesUltraviolet luminosity functionFrontier Field clustersSpitzer Space TelescopeMultiply imaged systemsEffective survey volumeGravitational lensing modelsLens modelTotal survey areaDistant universeCosmic telescopes
2011
EVIDENCE FOR THREE ACCRETING BLACK HOLES IN A GALAXY AT z ∼ 1.35: A SNAPSHOT OF RECENTLY FORMED BLACK HOLE SEEDS?**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Institute. STScI is operated by the association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
Schawinski K, Urry M, Treister E, Simmons B, Natarajan P, Glikman E. EVIDENCE FOR THREE ACCRETING BLACK HOLES IN A GALAXY AT z ∼ 1.35: A SNAPSHOT OF RECENTLY FORMED BLACK HOLE SEEDS?**Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Institute. STScI is operated by the association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2011, 743: l37. DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/l37.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holes formBlack hole formsBlack holesNASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeHole formsNASA contract NAS 5Star-forming galaxiesHubble Space TelescopeMassive black holesContract NAS 5Central black holeBlack hole seedsAssociation of UniversitiesGrism observationsClumpy galaxiesGalaxy bulgesGalaxy mergersHost galaxiesCosmology todaySpace TelescopeNAS 5GalaxiesMultiple black holesFormation modelHoles
2009
THE SURVIVAL OF DARK MATTER HALOS IN THE CLUSTER Cl 0024+16
Natarajan P, Kneib J, Smail I, Treu T, Ellis R, Moran S, Limousin M, Czoske O. THE SURVIVAL OF DARK MATTER HALOS IN THE CLUSTER Cl 0024+16. The Astrophysical Journal 2009, 693: 970-983. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/693/1/970.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDark matter subhalosCluster-centric radiusLate-type galaxiesEarly-type galaxiesMillennium Run simulationMass functionDark matterCl 0024Lensing signalGalaxy-galaxy lensing techniquesDark matter-only simulationsWeak gravitational lensing signalLow-mass subhalosDark matter haloesCold dark matterHubble Space TelescopeSubhalo mass functionGravitational lensing signalOverall mass distributionMass distributionGalaxies increasesMatter haloesBaryonic componentGalaxy clustersVirial radius
2003
A Wide-Field Hubble Space Telescope Study of the Cluster Cl 0024+1654 at z=0.4. II. The Cluster Mass Distribution
Kneib J, Hudelot P, Ellis R, Treu T, Smith G, Marshall P, Czoske O, Smail I, Natarajan P. A Wide-Field Hubble Space Telescope Study of the Cluster Cl 0024+1654 at z=0.4. II. The Cluster Mass Distribution. The Astrophysical Journal 2003, 598: 804-817. DOI: 10.1086/378633.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMass profileDark matterCl 0024Cluster lightHubble Space Telescope studiesCluster radiusHubble Deep FieldHubble Space TelescopeCluster member galaxiesWeak lensing signalMass distributionWide-field dataCluster mass distributionThree-dimensional density distributionMember galaxiesPower-law fitNFW profileBackground galaxiesSpace TelescopeCluster massDeep FieldLensing analysisLight ratioMpc scalesRedshift distribution
2002
The Afterglow and Complex Environment of the Optically Dim Burst GRB 980613**Based on observations with the Nordic Optical Telescope, which is operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, at the Spanish Observatorio del Rocque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555.
Hjorth J, Thomsen B, Nielsen S, Andersen M, Holland S, Fynbo J, Pedersen H, Jaunsen A, Halpern J, Fesen R, Gorosabel J, Castro-Tirado A, McMahon R, Hoenig M, Björnsson G, Amati L, Tanvir N, Natarajan P. The Afterglow and Complex Environment of the Optically Dim Burst GRB 980613**Based on observations with the Nordic Optical Telescope, which is operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, at the Spanish Observatorio del Rocque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The Astrophysical Journal 2002, 576: 113-119. DOI: 10.1086/341624.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGamma-ray burstsOptical afterglowNASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeCosmological gamma-ray burstsX-ray spectral indexSpace Telescope Science InstituteSpectral indexStar-forming knotsNordic Optical TelescopeHubble Space TelescopeI-band imagesStar-forming regionsNIR spectral indexInstituto de AstrofisicaAssociation of UniversitiesHost galaxiesSpace TelescopeOptical TelescopeAfterglowLos MuchachosSpectral shapeFlat spectral shapeTelescopeLa PalmaBurstsProbing the Mass Distribution in Groups of Galaxies using Gravitational Lensing
Möller O, Natarajan P, Kneib J, Blain A. Probing the Mass Distribution in Groups of Galaxies using Gravitational Lensing. The Astrophysical Journal 2002, 573: 562-575. DOI: 10.1086/340655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGroups of galaxiesIndividual galaxiesGalaxy groupsGravitational lensingΣ confidenceLarge covering fractionsCompact galaxy groupsHubble Space TelescopeMass distributionExternal shearGroup halosAdvanced CameraSpace TelescopeStrong lensingCovering fractionWeak lensingHubble constantGalaxiesShear signalMatter distributionLensingAdditional systematic errorNearby groupsLens systemLensing behavior
2000
Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Imaging of the Host Galaxy of GRB 980425/SN 1998bw**Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555 and on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the Paranal Observatory under program 63.O-0065.
Fynbo J, Holland S, Andersen M, Thomsen B, Hjorth J, Björnsson G, Jaunsen A, Natarajan P, Tanvir N. Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Imaging of the Host Galaxy of GRB 980425/SN 1998bw**Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555 and on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the Paranal Observatory under program 63.O-0065. The Astrophysical Journal 2000, 542: l89-l93. DOI: 10.1086/312942.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHost galaxiesSpace TelescopeNASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeSpace Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observationsSpace Telescope Science InstituteHubble Space TelescopeStar-forming regionsAssociation of UniversitiesRadioactive decay modelSpectrograph observationsStar clustersSubluminous galaxyParanal ObservatoryGRB 980425ESO telescopeSN 1998bwLight curvesAstrometric uncertaintiesGalaxiesTelescopeSupernovaePoint sourcesESOSignificant flatteningDecay model
1998
The Mass-to-Light Ratio of Early-Type Galaxies: Constraints from Gravitational Lensing in the Rich Cluster AC 114**Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
Natarajan P, Kneib J, Smail I, Ellis R. The Mass-to-Light Ratio of Early-Type Galaxies: Constraints from Gravitational Lensing in the Rich Cluster AC 114**Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The Astrophysical Journal 1998, 499: 600-607. DOI: 10.1086/305660.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHubble Space TelescopeCluster galaxiesSpace TelescopeLight ratioNASA/ESA Hubble Space TelescopeWide Field Planetary Camera 2NASA contract NAS 5Field Planetary Camera 2Space Telescope Science InstituteDark matter haloesEarly-type galaxiesDifferent galaxy typesIndividual cluster galaxiesContract NAS 5Planetary Camera 2Ground-based spectroscopyWide-field imagesRatio M/Association of UniversitiesField galaxiesMatter haloesS0 galaxiesTidal strippingGalaxy typesMassive haloes
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