2025
The Redshift Evolution of the MBH–M* Scaling Relation: New Insights from Cosmological Simulations and Semianalytic Models
Dattathri S, Natarajan P, Porras-Valverde A, Burke C, Chen N, Di Matteo T, Ni Y. The Redshift Evolution of the MBH–M* Scaling Relation: New Insights from Cosmological Simulations and Semianalytic Models. The Astrophysical Journal 2025, 984: 122. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adbeef.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack hole accretion rateStar formation rateMBH–MBlack holeCosmological simulationsRedshift evolutionCoevolution of black holesJames Webb Space TelescopeSemianalytical modelMassive quenched galaxiesBlack hole feedbackStellar mass growthOvermassive black holesBH accretionBH growthHost galaxiesQuenched galaxiesSpace TelescopeStar formationBH dynamicsBH seedsAccretion rateScaling relationsGalaxiesRedshiftBridging Scales: Coupling the Galactic Nucleus to the Larger Cosmic Environment
Su K, Natarajan P, Cho H, Narayan R, Hopkins P, Anglés-Alcázar D, Prather B. Bridging Scales: Coupling the Galactic Nucleus to the Larger Cosmic Environment. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2025, 981: l33. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adb7dd.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEvent Horizon TelescopeM87* and Sgr A*.Star formation rateSgr ABlack holeBH spinSgr A*.Feedback efficiencyEvent Horizon Telescope observationsCooling flowSgr A*Suppression of accretionObservations of M87BH growthGalactic nucleiKiloparsec scalesMagnetohydrodynamic simulationsEvent horizonFIRE-2Horizon scaleAccretion rateNon-cosmologicalCosmic environmentGas inflowM87Multimessenger Probes of Supermassive Black Hole Spin Evolution
Ricarte A, Natarajan P, Narayan R, Palumbo D. Multimessenger Probes of Supermassive Black Hole Spin Evolution. The Astrophysical Journal 2025, 980: 136. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad9ea9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLaser Interferometer Space AntennaSpin distributionSpin-downAccretion flowNext-generation Event Horizon TelescopeEvolution of supermassive black holesGeneral relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulationsX-ray reflection spectroscopySupermassive black holesEvent Horizon TelescopeObserved spin distributionModulating spinRelativistic jetsAccretion diskGravitational wavesBlack holeCosmic timeMagnetohydrodynamic simulationsEvent horizonAccretion rateSpace AntennaCoherent accretionSpinning objectAccretionSpin
2023
Bridging Scales in Black Hole Accretion and Feedback: Magnetized Bondi Accretion in 3D GRMHD
Cho H, Prather B, Narayan R, Natarajan P, Su K, Ricarte A, Chatterjee K. Bridging Scales in Black Hole Accretion and Feedback: Magnetized Bondi Accretion in 3D GRMHD. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2023, 959: l22. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad1048.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesStrong magnetic fieldMagnetic fieldBondi rateAccretion rateOrders of magnitudeBlack hole accretionMagnetic field reconnectionLow accretion ratesEnergy feedbackHost galaxiesSMBH massGas accretionField reconnectionBondi accretionBondi problemBondi radiusHorizon scaleBlack holesDensity profilesEnergy transportAccretionTurbulent convectionExternal mediumDisparate scales
2022
The ngEHT’s Role in Measuring Supermassive Black Hole Spins
Ricarte A, Tiede P, Emami R, Tamar A, Natarajan P. The ngEHT’s Role in Measuring Supermassive Black Hole Spins. Galaxies 2022, 11: 6. DOI: 10.3390/galaxies11010006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black hole massSupermassive black holesBlack hole massSpin measurementsSupermassive black hole spinBlack holesEvent Horizon TelescopeEvent horizon scalesBlack hole spinHole spinCosmic timeTelescope ArrayHigh accretion ratesAccretion flowSpinCosmic AssemblyAccretion ratePre-existing samplesNew constraintsTelescopeHolesNew samplesConstraintsMeasurementsMultifrequency
2019
Tracing black hole and galaxy co-evolution in the Romulus simulations
Ricarte A, Tremmel M, Natarajan P, Quinn T. Tracing black hole and galaxy co-evolution in the Romulus simulations. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2019, 489: 802-819. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2161.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStar formation rateBlack hole growthBlack hole accretion rateStar-forming galaxiesBlack holesHole growthAccretion rateFormation rateSupermassive black hole growthStellar mass assemblyStellar mass ratioCold gas fractionHost halo massGalaxy mergersStellar massHost galaxiesStar formationGalactic scalesHalo massSolar massesIntergalactic environmentCosmological simulationsMass assemblyGalaxiesGas fraction
2017
Conditions for Optimal Growth of Black Hole Seeds
Pacucci F, Natarajan P, Volonteri M, Cappelluti N, Urry C. Conditions for Optimal Growth of Black Hole Seeds. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2017, 850: l42. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9aea.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack holesBlack hole seedsSupermassive black holesBlack hole massCentral gas densityGravitational wave detectionParameter spaceLow-mass black holesHole massHost galaxiesInitial mass functionMass functionBolometric luminosityEddington accretionIsothermal profileWave detectionAccretion scenarioGas densityEnhanced probabilityInitial massQuasarsAccretion rateOn the Accretion Rates and Radiative Efficiencies of the Highest-redshift Quasars
Trakhtenbrot B, Volonteri M, Natarajan P. On the Accretion Rates and Radiative Efficiencies of the Highest-redshift Quasars. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2017, 836: l1. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/836/1/l1.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2016
BULGE-DRIVEN FUELING OF SEED BLACK HOLES
Park K, Ricotti M, Natarajan P, Bogdanović T, Wise J. BULGE-DRIVEN FUELING OF SEED BLACK HOLES. The Astrophysical Journal 2016, 818: 184. DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/818/2/184.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSeed black holesBlack holesHost galaxiesBH massOne-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulationsAccretion rateGrowth of BHsNeutral gas reservoirCentral BH massPop III starsMassive black holesRadiation hydrodynamics simulationsBulge componentBH seedsBulge massDirect collapseBondi rateBondi radiusGravitational potentialTemperature K.Radiative feedbackGalaxiesBulgeDistinct dependenciesAccretion
2014
A large sample of Kohonen-selected SDSS quasars with weak emission lines: selection effects and statistical properties⋆
Meusinger H, Balafkan N. A large sample of Kohonen-selected SDSS quasars with weak emission lines: selection effects and statistical properties⋆. Astronomy & Astrophysics 2014, 568: a114. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201423810.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWeak emission linesRadio-quiet quasarsSpectral energy distributionAccretion rateEmission linesEnergy distributionSloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7Radio-detected quasarsBlack hole massBroad line regionPower-law componentRedshift range zData Release 7Selection effectsBluer continuumEddington ratioHole massQuasar populationRadio quasarsRadio-loudQuasar activityRadio propertiesQuasar spectraRadio sourcesAccretion activity
2006
Supermassive black hole formation during the assembly of pre-galactic discs
Lodato G, Natarajan P. Supermassive black hole formation during the assembly of pre-galactic discs. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2006, 371: 1813-1823. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10801.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack holesHigh redshiftSloan Digital Sky SurveySupermassive black hole formationMassive black holesSupermassive black holesDigital Sky SurveyBlack hole seedsSeed black holesBlack hole formationAngular momentum redistributionTime-dependent calculationsMolecular hydrogen formationProtogalactic disksSky SurveyPrimordial disksHalo propertiesLuminous quasarsConcordance cosmologyCold diskDisc fragmentationAccretion rateSuch disksGravitational instabilityMomentum redistribution
2002
Accretion during the Merger of Supermassive Black Holes
Armitage P, Natarajan P. Accretion during the Merger of Supermassive Black Holes. The Astrophysical Journal 2002, 567: l9-l12. DOI: 10.1086/339770.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1999
Warped discs and the directional stability of jets in active galactic nuclei
Natarajan P, Armitage P. Warped discs and the directional stability of jets in active galactic nuclei. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 1999, 309: 961-968. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02917.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiBlack holesAngular momentumGalactic nucleiOuter diskWarped diskLarge energy deposition rateLarge radiusLow-luminosity systemsMassive black holesSurface density profileInner disk regionEnergy deposition rateLong baseline interferometryStrong warpWarped accretionEddington limitAccretion historyInfrared wavelengthsAccretion rateDensity profilesDisc regionJet directionDeposition rateSuch objectsThe Blandford-Znajek Mechanism and the Emission from Isolated Accreting Black Holes
Armitage P, Natarajan P. The Blandford-Znajek Mechanism and the Emission from Isolated Accreting Black Holes. The Astrophysical Journal 1999, 523: l7-l10. DOI: 10.1086/312261.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlandford-Znajek mechanismBlack holesStellar-mass black holesAdvection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) modelMass black holesLow accretion ratesAccretion flow modelGalactic nucleiEGRET sourcesAccretion luminosityInterstellar mediumTotal luminosityThick diskAccretion rateGamma raysMagnetic fieldRotational energyDisc simulationsEnergy extractionLuminosityHolesFlow modelADAFsEmissionEnergy
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