2025
SLICE: SPT-CL J0546-5345—A Prominent Strong-lensing Cluster at z = 1.07
Allingham J, Zitrin A, Golubchik M, Furtak L, Bayliss M, Cerny C, Diego J, Edge A, Gassis R, Gladders M, Jauzac M, Lagattuta D, Leroy G, Limousin M, Mahler G, Meena A, Natarajan P, Sharon K. SLICE: SPT-CL J0546-5345—A Prominent Strong-lensing Cluster at z = 1.07. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2025, 990: l25. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adfa85.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiEffective Einstein radiusGalaxy clustersArchival Hubble Space Telescope imagesHubble Space Telescope imagesMassive galaxy clustersSpectroscopic follow-upStrong-lensing analysisSunyaev-Zeldovich effectStrong-lensing clustersPoint-like morphologyGalactic nucleiHigher redshiftsTelescope imagesPhotometric redshiftsCluster LensingBackground galaxiesRedshiftCluster evolutionCentral massMass distributionGalaxiesObserver biasJWST/NIRCamHubbleGLIMPSE: An Ultrafaint ≃105 M⊙ Pop III Galaxy Candidate and First Constraints on the Pop III UV Luminosity Function at z ≃ 6–7
Fujimoto S, Naidu R, Chisholm J, Atek H, Endsley R, Kokorev V, Furtak L, Pan R, Liu B, Bromm V, Venditti A, Visbal E, Sarmento R, Weibel A, Oesch P, Brammer G, Schaerer D, Adamo A, Berg D, Bezanson R, Bouwens R, Chemerynska I, Claeyssens A, Dessauges-Zavadsky M, Frebel A, Korber D, Labbe I, Marques-Chaves R, Matthee J, McQuinn K, Muñoz J, Natarajan P, Saldana-Lopez A, Suess K, Volonteri M, Zitrin A. GLIMPSE: An Ultrafaint ≃105 M⊙ Pop III Galaxy Candidate and First Constraints on the Pop III UV Luminosity Function at z ≃ 6–7. The Astrophysical Journal 2025, 989: 46. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUV luminosity functionGas-phase metallicityStellar massGalaxy candidatesLuminosity functionActive galactic nucleiPop III galaxiesYoung stellar populationsGalactic nucleiJWST eraJWST observationsBalmer jumpStellar populationsLensing galaxyGravitational lensingHa emissionNIRCam imagingPopulation IIIDistant galaxiesLegacy fieldsMass functionObservational constraintsJWSTGalaxiesTheoretical predictionsBASS. XLV. Quantifying Active Galactic Nuclei Selection Effects in the Chandra COSMOS-legacy Survey with BASS
Tokayer Y, Koss M, Urry C, Natarajan P, Mushotzky R, Baloković M, Bauer F, Boorman P, Peca A, Ricci C, Ricci F, Stern D, Treister E, Trakhtenbrot B. BASS. XLV. Quantifying Active Galactic Nuclei Selection Effects in the Chandra COSMOS-legacy Survey with BASS. The Astrophysical Journal 2025, 982: 134. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adb8c9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBAT AGN Spectroscopic SurveyX-ray surveysBroadband X-ray spectrumChandra COSMOS Legacy surveyExtragalactic X-ray surveysCOSMOS legacy fieldSupermassive black holesX-ray missionsCOSMOS Legacy surveyLow-redshift analogsX-ray spectraLevels of obscurationLow counting statisticsSelection effectsGalactic nucleiBlack holeSpectroscopic surveyLuminosity distributionColumn densityObserved redshiftSpectral fittingAGNChandraLuminosityRedshiftBridging Scales: Coupling the Galactic Nucleus to the Larger Cosmic Environment
Su K, Natarajan P, Cho H, Narayan R, Hopkins P, Anglés-Alcázar D, Prather B. Bridging Scales: Coupling the Galactic Nucleus to the Larger Cosmic Environment. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2025, 981: l33. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adb7dd.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEvent Horizon TelescopeM87* and Sgr A*.Star formation rateSgr ABlack holeBH spinSgr A*.Feedback efficiencyEvent Horizon Telescope observationsCooling flowSgr A*Suppression of accretionObservations of M87BH growthGalactic nucleiKiloparsec scalesMagnetohydrodynamic simulationsEvent horizonFIRE-2Horizon scaleAccretion rateNon-cosmologicalCosmic environmentGas inflowM87Hubble Space Telescope Observations within the Sphere of Influence of the Powerful Supermassive Black Hole in PKS 0745-191
Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Choi H, Guo M, Richard-Laferrière A, Rhea C, Prunier M, Russell H, Fabian A, Walsh J, Gingras M, McNamara B, Allen S, Chené A, Edge A, Gendron-Marsolais M, McDonald M, Natarajan P, Sanders J, Steiner J, Vigneron B, von der Linden A. Hubble Space Telescope Observations within the Sphere of Influence of the Powerful Supermassive Black Hole in PKS 0745-191. The Astrophysical Journal 2025, 980: 170. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ada7ed.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesActive galactic nucleiRadio-mode feedbackBlack holeIonized gasSpace Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observationsHubble Space Telescope observationsSupermassive black hole fuelingActive galactic nucleus feedbackSpace Telescope observationsHubble Space TelescopeX-ray gasGas dynamicsGalactic nucleiMBH ~Host galaxiesKiloparsec scalesSpace TelescopeSubkiloparsec scalesTelescope observationsGalaxy clustersSpectrograph observationsJet activityBondi radiusGalaxy evolutionRates of Stellar Tidal Disruption Events around Intermediate-mass Black Holes
Chang J, Dai L, Pfister H, Chowdhury R, Natarajan P. Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption Events around Intermediate-mass Black Holes. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2025, 980: l22. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adace7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntermediate-mass black holesTidal disruption eventsSupermassive black holesTidal disruption event ratesStellar tidal disruption eventsBlack holeBH massTDE ratesGlobular clustersDisruptive eventsGalactic nucleiHost galaxiesStellar profilesOccupation fractionGalaxiesYr-1Plunging eventsHolesTheoretical workVolumetric rateMassClustersCone theoryPinholeRegime
2024
Multiwavelength Constraints on the Local Black Hole Occupation Fraction
Burke C, Natarajan P, Baldassare V, Geha M. Multiwavelength Constraints on the Local Black Hole Occupation Fraction. The Astrophysical Journal 2024, 978: 77. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad94d9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack hole occupation fractionIntermediate-mass black holesActive galactic nucleiAGN luminosity functionBlack hole seedsLuminosity functionOccupation fractionDwarf galaxiesLaser Interferometer Space Antenna missionVery Large Array Sky SurveyBlack hole mass functionFraction of dwarf galaxiesArray Sky SurveyLow-luminosity endPalomar Transient FactoryMass of MAccretion signaturesGalactic nucleiIMBH populationMultiwavelength constraintsStellar massBlack holeLow redshiftRadio dataSky SurveyObservational Signatures of AGN Feedback in the Morphology and the Ionization States of Milky Way-like Galaxies
Qutob N, Emami R, Su K, Smith R, Hernquist L, Triani D, Hummels C, Fielding D, Hopkins P, Somerville R, Ballantyne D, Vogelsberger M, Tremblay G, Steiner J, Finkbeiner D, Narayan R, Park M, Grindlay J, Natarajan P, Hayward C, Kereš D, Ponnada S, Belli S, Davies R, Maheson G, Bugiani L, Li Y. Observational Signatures of AGN Feedback in the Morphology and the Ionization States of Milky Way-like Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal 2024, 977: 72. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad8658.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCosmic ray jetsInterstellar mediumO VIIIMg IISignatures of AGN feedbackIsolated galaxy simulationsIsotropic ion distributionsLow-energy ionsHigh-energy ionsGalactic nucleiStellar feedbackAGN feedbackObservational signaturesHalo massGalaxy simulationsJet powerEnergy ionsJet modelHigh energyDensity profileIonization stateFlux levelsAGNIon distributionCore densityAstrometric Jitter as a Detection Diagnostic for Recoiling and Slingshot Supermassive Black Hole Candidates
Uppal A, Ward C, Gezari S, Natarajan P, Chen N, LaChance P, Di Matteo T. Astrometric Jitter as a Detection Diagnostic for Recoiling and Slingshot Supermassive Black Hole Candidates. The Astrophysical Journal 2024, 975: 286. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad7ff0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiSupermassive black holesLegacy Survey of Space and TimeAstrometric jitterPan-STARRS1Evolution of binary supermassive black holesBinary supermassive black holesSupermassive black hole candidatesGravitational wave recoilKeck LRIS spectroscopyBlack hole candidatesInner accretion diskSpace and TimeOptical survey dataGalactic centerGalactic nucleiAccretion diskGalaxy mergersSlingshot mechanismAGN candidatesBlack holeSpin evolutionLegacy SurveyMagnitude limitStudy feedback effectsDAVOS: Dwarf Active Galactic Nuclei from Variability for the Origins of Seeds: Properties of Variability-selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the COSMOS Field and Expectations for the Rubin Observatory
Burke C, Liu Y, Ward C, Liu X, Natarajan P, Greene J. DAVOS: Dwarf Active Galactic Nuclei from Variability for the Origins of Seeds: Properties of Variability-selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the COSMOS Field and Expectations for the Rubin Observatory. The Astrophysical Journal 2024, 971: 140. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad54ca.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiBlack holeGalactic nucleiCOSMOS fieldIntermediate-mass black hole candidatesHost galaxy stellar massVirial black hole massesVariable active galactic nucleiHyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic ProgramBroad-line widthsStellar mass relationBlack hole candidatesBlack hole massCentral black holeHigh-precision photometryGalaxy stellar massStellar mass estimatesLow-mass galaxiesEarly-type galaxiesSubaru Strategic ProgramBroad-lineHole massStellar massActive galaxiesMass relationThe Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public Near-infrared Slitless Survey Epoch 1 (NGDEEP-NISS1): Extragalactic Star-formation and Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.5 < z < 3.6
Pirzkal N, Rothberg B, Papovich C, Shen L, Leung G, Bagley M, Finkelstein S, Vanderhoof B, Lotz J, Koekemoer A, Hathi N, Cheng Y, Cleri N, Grogin N, Yung L, Dickinson M, Ferguson H, Gardner J, Jung I, Kartaltepe J, Ryan R, Simons R, Ravindranath S, Berg D, Backhaus B, Casey C, Castellano M, Ortiz Ó, Chworowsky K, Cox I, Davé R, Davis K, Estrada-Carpenter V, Fontana A, Fujimoto S, Giavalisco M, Grazian A, Hutchison T, Jaskot A, Kewley L, Kirkpatrick A, Kocevski D, Larson R, Matharu J, Natarajan P, Pentericci L, Pérez-González P, Snyder G, Somerville R, Trump J, Wilkins S. The Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public Near-infrared Slitless Survey Epoch 1 (NGDEEP-NISS1): Extragalactic Star-formation and Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.5 < z < 3.6. The Astrophysical Journal 2024, 969: 90. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad429c.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWide-field slitless spectroscopyProperties of galaxiesEmission linesPresence of active galactic nucleiSpectral energy distribution modelingPhysical properties of galaxiesActive galactic nucleiCase B recombinationMultiple position anglesSlitless spectroscopic observationsSupermassive black holesStar formation rateMultiple emission linesEnergy distribution modelNear-infrared wavelengthsGalactic nucleiNear-infrared imagingStar-formationBlack holeRedshift rangeSlitless spectroscopySpectroscopic observationsSlitless spectrographPosition angleGalaxiesOvermassive Black Holes at Cosmic Noon: Linking the Local and the High-redshift Universe
Mezcua M, Pacucci F, Suh H, Siudek M, Natarajan P. Overmassive Black Holes at Cosmic Noon: Linking the Local and the High-redshift Universe. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2024, 966: l30. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad3c2a.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchJames Webb Space TelescopeSupermassive black holesBlack holeCosmic noonCoevolution of supermassive black holesHigh-redshift UniverseHigh-z sourcesLow-mass galaxiesStar formation historyOvermassive black holesPresent-day UniverseGalactic nucleiEarly universeHost galaxiesSpace TelescopeActive galaxiesCosmic timeRedshift rangeStellar contentHigh-zFormation historyGalaxiesLocal relationsHolesTelescopeA Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10
Kovács O, Bogdán Á, Natarajan P, Werner N, Azadi M, Volonteri M, Tremblay G, Chadayammuri U, Forman W, Jones C, Kraft R. A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy at Z ≈ 10. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2024, 965: l21. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad391f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSupermassive black holesActive galactic nucleiBlack holeLuminosity functionAGN luminosity functionX-ray active galactic nucleusCollapse of massive starsSupermassive black holes formDeep Chandra observationsEarly cosmic epochsEddington-limited accretionGravitationally lensed galaxiesHigh-redshift galaxiesHigh-redshift quasarsBH candidatesChandra observationsSMBH populationBolometric luminosityGalactic nucleiMassive starsRedshift zCosmic epochsFormation epochLensing galaxyFormation scenario
2022
Dwarf AGNs from variability for the origins of seeds (DAVOS): Intermediate-mass black hole demographics from optical synoptic surveys
Burke C, Shen Y, Liu X, Natarajan P, Caplar N, Bellovary J, Wang Z. Dwarf AGNs from variability for the origins of seeds (DAVOS): Intermediate-mass black hole demographics from optical synoptic surveys. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 2022, 518: 1880-1904. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac2478.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiStellar massDwarf galaxiesIMBH massOptical variabilityRubin ObservatoryHost galaxy stellar massVariable active galactic nucleiHost stellar massGalaxy stellar massVera C. Rubin ObservatorySpectral energy distributionBlack hole massMock light curvesBlack hole demographicsGalactic nucleiMonte Carlo modelLuminosity functionHole massLight curvesRapid variabilitySurvey sensitivityEnergy distributionObservational constraintsMass rangeExploring the High-redshift PBH-ΛCDM Universe: Early Black Hole Seeding, the First Stars and Cosmic Radiation Backgrounds
Cappelluti N, Hasinger G, Natarajan P. Exploring the High-redshift PBH-ΛCDM Universe: Early Black Hole Seeding, the First Stars and Cosmic Radiation Backgrounds. The Astrophysical Journal 2022, 926: 205. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac332d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimordial black holesCold dark matter universeJames Webb Space TelescopeHalo occupation distribution modelsCosmic radiation backgroundActive galactic nucleiDark matter componentX-ray backgroundBlack hole seedsEmission power spectraCurrent observational limitsSource count distributionFirst starsBaryonic matterGalactic nucleiStar formationDark matterSolar massesVolume emissivitySpace TelescopeLow redshiftLuminosity functionReionization historyObservational limitsObservational implications
2021
Unveiling the Population of Wandering Black Holes via Electromagnetic Signatures
Ricarte A, Tremmel M, Natarajan P, Quinn T. Unveiling the Population of Wandering Black Holes via Electromagnetic Signatures. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2021, 916: l18. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac1170.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiSupermassive black holesCentral active galactic nucleusBlack holesBolometric luminosity L bolCentral supermassive black holeHyperluminous X-ray sourcesElectromagnetic signaturesSimilar mass galaxiesMajority of galaxiesX-ray observationsX-ray sourcesGalaxy assemblyMass galaxiesSatellite galaxiesTDE rateGalactic nucleiMost galaxiesStellar componentSMBH massCosmological simulationsHalo centreCollective emissionL bolComparable brightness
2020
A Link between Ram Pressure Stripping and Active Galactic Nuclei
Ricarte A, Tremmel M, Natarajan P, Quinn T. A Link between Ram Pressure Stripping and Active Galactic Nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2020, 895: l8. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab9022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiRam-pressure strippingRam pressurePressure strippingStar formationAGN feedbackGalactic nucleiGalaxy clustersBlack holesQuenching star formationLow-mass galaxiesTail of gasHigh Eddington ratiosBlack hole accretionJellyfish galaxiesMass galaxiesAGN activityPericentric passageEddington ratioGalaxiesDense environmentsCosmological settingHigh-resolution simulationsRecent observationsAccretion
2017
AGN Populations in Large-volume X-Ray Surveys: Photometric Redshifts and Population Types Found in the Stripe 82X Survey
Ananna T, Salvato M, LaMassa S, Urry C, Cappelluti N, Cardamone C, Civano F, Farrah D, Gilfanov M, Glikman E, Hamilton M, Kirkpatrick A, Lanzuisi G, Marchesi S, Merloni A, Nandra K, Natarajan P, Richards G, Timlin J. AGN Populations in Large-volume X-Ray Surveys: Photometric Redshifts and Population Types Found in the Stripe 82X Survey. The Astrophysical Journal 2017, 850: 66. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa937d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchActive galactic nucleiX-ray surveysPhotometric redshiftsHigh-redshift active galactic nucleiLarge Synoptic Survey TelescopeXMM-Newton observationsLarge Area SurveyX-ray sourcesGalactic nucleiAGN populationMultiwavelength coverageMultiwavelength surveySurvey TelescopeOutlier fractionRedshiftRare objectsX-rayAccurate censusEROSITAChandraTelescopeMultiwavelengthUltravioletFieldCatalogueThe Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: Energy Spectrum of the Cosmic X-Ray Background and Constraints on Undetected Populations
Cappelluti N, Li Y, Ricarte A, Agarwal B, Allevato V, Ananna T, Ajello M, Civano F, Comastri A, Elvis M, Finoguenov A, Gilli R, Hasinger G, Marchesi S, Natarajan P, Pacucci F, Treister E, Urry C. The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: Energy Spectrum of the Cosmic X-Ray Background and Constraints on Undetected Populations. The Astrophysical Journal 2017, 837: 19. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa5ea4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSpectral index γBlack holesCosmic X-ray background spectrumIndex γCosmic X-ray backgroundX-ray background spectrumX-ray-detected sourcesStar-forming galaxiesActive galactic nucleiKeV energy bandX-ray backgroundEarly black holesLow-metallicity environmentsX-ray sourcesUndetected galaxiesExtragalactic componentGalactic nucleiChandra observationsFaint galaxiesHard spectrumUnresolved sourcesLegacy SurveyPower lawEnergy spectrumThermal plasma
2016
ON R − W1 AS A DIAGNOSTIC TO DISCOVER OBSCURED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN WIDE-AREA X-RAY SURVEYS
LaMassa S, Civano F, Brusa M, Stern D, Glikman E, Gallagher S, Urry C, Cales S, Cappelluti N, Cardamone C, Comastri A, Farrah D, Greene J, Komossa S, Merloni A, Mroczkowski T, Natarajan P, Richards G, Salvato M, Schawinski K, Treister E. ON R − W1 AS A DIAGNOSTIC TO DISCOVER OBSCURED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN WIDE-AREA X-RAY SURVEYS. The Astrophysical Journal 2016, 818: 88. DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/818/1/88.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchX-ray surveysHardness ratioSky coverageShallow X-ray surveySloan Digital Sky SurveySupermassive black hole accretionHigh spectroscopic completenessModerate luminosity AGNX-ray AGNActive galactic nucleiX-ray obscurationDigital Sky SurveyBlack hole accretionHigh-luminosity AGNParameter spaceOptical reddeningSpectroscopic completenessAGN candidatesGalactic nucleiNormal galaxiesColour cutsSky SurveyMost starsBluer coloursLuminosity bins
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