Ryan MacLeod, MD, PhD
he/him/his
Clinical Fellow T32About
Research
Publications
2026
Timing of Denosumab Therapy in Relation to Parathyroidectomy in the Setting of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Case Report
MacLeod R, Ramirez A, Gulanski B, Majumdar S. Timing of Denosumab Therapy in Relation to Parathyroidectomy in the Setting of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Case Report. Case Reports In Endocrinology 2026, 2026: 8562872. PMID: 42256324, PMCID: PMC13239141, DOI: 10.1155/crie/8562872.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDual-energy X-ray absorptiometryBone mineral densityDenosumab therapyPrimary hyperparathyroidismBone densityYears of denosumab therapyReduction of bone mineral densityConsistent with primary hyperparathyroidismRisk of vertebral fracturesMid-normal rangeSteroid-induced osteoporosisTime of parathyroidectomyCalcium/vitamin D supplementationHistory of lupusTreated with alendronateX-ray absorptiometryVitamin D levelsLiberation of calciumOptimal timingPostsurgical hypocalcemiaDenosumab injectionDaily prednisoneDenosumab dosesAntiresorptive therapyParathyroid surgery
2025
TNFR2 signaling in musculoskeletal diseases: Implications for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Qian E, MacLeod R, Liu C. TNFR2 signaling in musculoskeletal diseases: Implications for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Journal Of Leukocyte Biology 2025, 118: qiaf178. PMID: 41384366, PMCID: PMC12850386, DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf178.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsIodine for the Outpatient Management of Graves’ Disease: A Case Series of 7 Patients
Magvanjav O, MacLeod R, Balasubramanian P, Mekala K, Peter P, Inzucchi S, Majumdar S. Iodine for the Outpatient Management of Graves’ Disease: A Case Series of 7 Patients. AACE Endocrinology And Diabetes 2025, 13: 83-87. PMID: 41641309, PMCID: PMC12866150, DOI: 10.1016/j.aed.2025.10.015.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesGraves' diseaseRadioactive iodineOutpatient managementManagement of Graves' diseaseBridge to surgeryMean treatment durationChemotherapy-induced pancytopeniaThyroid hormone levelsDose of iodineDefinitive treatmentCase seriesSafety profileHormone elevationUncontrolled hyperthyroidismHormone levelsThionamidesTreatment durationSurgeryPatientsAlternative treatmentPropylthiouracilMonotherapyDiseaseTherapyTreatmentLocal Production of Osteoprotegerin by Osteoblasts Suppresses Bone Resorption
Cawley K, Bustamante-Gomez N, Guha A, MacLeod R, Xiong J, Gubrij I, Liu Y, Mulkey R, Palmieri M, Thostenson J, Goellner J, O’Brien C. Local Production of Osteoprotegerin by Osteoblasts Suppresses Bone Resorption. Cell Reports 2025, 44: 115821. PMID: 40440173, PMCID: PMC12286569, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115821.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
2024
Discontinuation of Denosumab
MacLeod RS, Gulanski BI. Clinical Overview: Discontinuation of Denosumab. ClinicalKey. Updated September, 23,2024. Published October 11, 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/clinical_overview/67-s2.0-V2747Peer-Reviewed Educational Materials
2023
A Ticklish Parrot-dox: Dual Diagnosis of Lyme Carditis and Psittacosis
Tran P, Maayah M, MacLeod R, Frampton J. A Ticklish Parrot-dox: Dual Diagnosis of Lyme Carditis and Psittacosis. Journal Of Brown Hospital Medicine 2023, 2: 72765. PMID: 40046139, PMCID: PMC11878842, DOI: 10.56305/001c.72765.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesLyme carditisDry coughDiagnosis of Lyme carditisComplete heart blockInitiation of treatmentShortness of breathSymptoms of dry coughClinical suspicionHeart blockAtrial fibrillationAtrial flutterChest pressureEarly treatmentCarditisEndemic areasYoung femalesHeadacheCoughYoung individualsLyme diseasePsittacosis
2022
Loss of chaperone-mediated autophagy is associated with low vertebral cancellous bone mass
Akel N, MacLeod R, Berryhill S, Laster D, Dimori M, Crawford J, Fu Q, Onal M. Loss of chaperone-mediated autophagy is associated with low vertebral cancellous bone mass. Scientific Reports 2022, 12: 3134. PMID: 35210514, PMCID: PMC8873216, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07157-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProtein degradation pathwaysRole of CMACRISPR-Cas9-based genome editingChaperone-mediated autophagySkeletal homeostasisDegradation pathwayProteome remodelingMouse genomeGene trapCytoplasmic proteinsOsteoblastic cell lineGenome editingProteasomal degradationSpecific knockdownWild-type controlsCell typesLAMP2ACultured cellsOsteoblast formationCell linesRANKL expressionCathepsin K.Pathophysiological conditionsAutophagyCMA process
2021
Deletion of a putative promoter-proximal Tnfsf11 regulatory region in mice does not alter bone mass or Tnfsf11 expression in vivo
MacLeod RS, Meyer MB, Xiong J, Cawley KM, Liu Y, Onal M, Benkusky NA, Thostenson JD, Pike JW, O’Brien C. Deletion of a putative promoter-proximal Tnfsf11 regulatory region in mice does not alter bone mass or Tnfsf11 expression in vivo. PLOS ONE 2021, 16: e0250974. PMID: 33970941, PMCID: PMC8109787, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250974.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMonths of ageParathyroid hormoneBone massVitamin D3Osteoclast formationLumbar vertebraeElevated parathyroid hormoneSympathetic nervous systemPathological bone resorptionCultured stromal cellsWild-type littermatesFourth lumbar vertebraFifth lumbar vertebraMRNA abundanceLymph nodesLymphocyte productionBone resorptionCytokine RANKLT lymphocytesKnockout miceBone marrowNervous systemStromal cellsNormal physiological conditionsMaximal stimulation
2020
Osteocyte RANKL is required for cortical bone loss with age and is induced by senescence
Kim HN, Xiong J, MacLeod RS, Iyer S, Fujiwara Y, Cawley KM, Han L, He Y, Thostenson JD, Ferreira E, Jilka RL, Zhou D, Almeida M, O'Brien CA. Osteocyte RANKL is required for cortical bone loss with age and is induced by senescence. JCI Insight 2020, 5: e138815. PMID: 32870816, PMCID: PMC7566701, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138815.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCortical bone lossBone lossControl miceAged miceCortical boneAge-associated bone lossOsteoclastogenic cytokine RANKLOsteocyte-derived RANKLTrabecular boneMonths of ageSenescent cellsConditional knockout miceHuman cell culture modelsRANKL levelsCytokine RANKLRANKL productionKnockout miceTranscription factor GATA4Cell culture modelSenolytic compoundsRANKLMiceAgeBoneCellular senescenceLocal Production of Osteoprotegerin by Osteoblasts Suppresses Bone Resorption
Cawley KM, Bustamante-Gomez NC, Guha AG, MacLeod RS, Xiong J, Gubrij I, Liu Y, Mulkey R, Palmieri M, Thostenson JD, Goellner JJ, O’Brien C. Local Production of Osteoprotegerin by Osteoblasts Suppresses Bone Resorption. Cell Reports 2020, 32: 108052. PMID: 32905775, PMCID: PMC7493998, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108052.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
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Yale School of Medicine
333 Cedar Street
New Haven, Connecticut 06510
United States