1997
Dorsal root origin of axonal growth cones: regenerative synapto-neogenesis in the upper spinal dorsal horn of primates.
Knyihár-Csillik E, Seres L, Rakic P, Csillik B. Dorsal root origin of axonal growth cones: regenerative synapto-neogenesis in the upper spinal dorsal horn of primates. Ideggyógyászati Szemle 1997, 5: 481-8. PMID: 9591285.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1996
Selective expression of m2 muscarinic receptor in the parvocellular channel of the primate visual cortex.
Mrzljak L, Levey A, Rakic P. Selective expression of m2 muscarinic receptor in the parvocellular channel of the primate visual cortex. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1996, 93: 7337-7340. PMID: 8692994, PMCID: PMC38985, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.14.7337.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDorsal lateral geniculate nucleusLateral geniculate nucleusGeniculate nucleusVisual cortexMacaque monkey visual cortexM2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptorM2 muscarinic receptorsM2 receptor proteinMuscarinic acetylcholine receptorsMonkey visual cortexPrimate visual cortexM2 receptorsCerebral cortexMuscarinic receptorsExcitatory neurotransmissionParvocellular layersLayers IIAcetylcholine receptorsSynaptic circuitsNeuronal channelsParvocellular channelsParvocellular pathwayCortexSelective expressionReceptors
1995
Structure of the embryonic primate spinal cord at the closure of the first reflex arc
Knyihar-Csillik E, Csillik B, Rakic P. Structure of the embryonic primate spinal cord at the closure of the first reflex arc. Brain Structure And Function 1995, 191: 519-540. PMID: 7677259, DOI: 10.1007/bf00186742.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimate spinal cordReflex arcSpinal cordSpinal reflex arcAlar plateDay gestation periodAssociation interneuronsProximal dendritesAxon collateralsMotoneuronal somataFirst synapsesNeuronal perikaryaGlial cellsAfferent impulsesNumerous synapsesGolgi impregnationAssociation fibersBasal plateAxonal pathwaysAssociation neuronsCordNerve impulsesTarget cellsSynapsesCellular mechanisms
1994
Axon overproduction and elimination in the anterior commissure of the developing rhesus monkey
LaMantia A, Rakic P. Axon overproduction and elimination in the anterior commissure of the developing rhesus monkey. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1994, 340: 328-336. PMID: 8188854, DOI: 10.1002/cne.903400304.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior commissureRhesus monkeysAC axonsAdult rhesus monkeysJuvenile rhesus monkeysProcess of overproductionDistinct cortical regionsAxon eliminationAxon lossAxon numberPostnatal monthCorpus callosumMyelinated axonsPostnatal developmentCortical regionsAxonsAxon diameterCommissureSpecific modulationMonkeysAdult numbersGrowth conesTwo-thirds
1991
Synaptogenesis in Monkey Somatosensory Cortex
Zecevic N, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in Monkey Somatosensory Cortex. Cerebral Cortex 1991, 1: 510-523. PMID: 1822755, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/1.6.510.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageSomatosensory cortexSynaptic densityPostcentral gyrusLate fetal ageUpper limb representationDensity of synapsesMonkey somatosensory cortexNumber of synapsesSecond postnatal monthRate of synaptogenesisMicrons 3Timing of synaptogenesisPost-natal lifeSymmetrical synapsesDendritic shaftsSynaptic eliminationSomatosensory functionPostnatal monthDendritic spinesNeocortical areasCortical growthEarly infancyNeurotransmitter receptorsLimb representationGrowth cone distribution patterns in the optic nerve of fetal monkeys: implications for mechanisms of axon guidance
Williams R, Borodkin M, Rakic P. Growth cone distribution patterns in the optic nerve of fetal monkeys: implications for mechanisms of axon guidance. Journal Of Neuroscience 1991, 11: 1081-1094. PMID: 1901353, PMCID: PMC6575387, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.11-04-01081.1991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nervePia materGrowth conesMonkey optic nerveGlial end feetPeripheral gradientFetal monkeysEnd feetAxon ingrowthNerveQuantitative electron microscopic methodsPossible associationOlder axonsDay 39Single fasciclePrenatal developmentTemporal edgeBasal laminaFasciclesAxon guidanceAxonsEarly phaseCell generationMonkeysMater
1990
Axon overproduction and elimination in the corpus callosum of the developing rhesus monkey
LaMantia A, Rakic P. Axon overproduction and elimination in the corpus callosum of the developing rhesus monkey. Journal Of Neuroscience 1990, 10: 2156-2175. PMID: 2376772, PMCID: PMC6570389, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.10-07-02156.1990.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCallosal axonsAxon eliminationNewborn monkeysCorpus callosumRhesus monkeysCallosal projection zonePrimate cerebral cortexInterhemispheric projectionsCallosal projectionsCerebral cortexSynaptic densityPostnatal monthPostnatal weekSupernumerary axonsPostnatal eliminationMonkey cortexProjection zonesFetal developmentAdult valuesAxonsLocal proliferationCallosumDay 65BirthMonkeysCytological and quantitative characteristics of four cerebral commissures in the rhesus monkey
Lamantia A, Rakic P. Cytological and quantitative characteristics of four cerebral commissures in the rhesus monkey. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1990, 291: 520-537. PMID: 2329189, DOI: 10.1002/cne.902910404.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlial fibrillary acidic proteinAnterior commissureCorpus callosumHippocampal commissureTelencephalic commissuresCerebral commissureNeocortical commissuresUnmyelinated axonsRhesus monkeysNumber of axonsPrimary sensory cortexGFAP-positive cellsFibrillary acidic proteinLarge myelinated axonsQuantitative electron microscopic analysisClasses of axonsNumerous desmosomal junctionsAdult rhesus monkeysAxonal compositionOpposite cerebralNeurons projectAssociation projectionsUnmyelinated fibersAxonal fasciclesGlia cells
1989
Transneuronal degeneration in the Rolando substance of the primate spinal cord evoked by axotomy-induced transganglionic degenerative atrophy of central primary sensory terminals
Knyihár-Csillik E, Rakic P, Csillik B. Transneuronal degeneration in the Rolando substance of the primate spinal cord evoked by axotomy-induced transganglionic degenerative atrophy of central primary sensory terminals. Cell And Tissue Research 1989, 258: 515-525. PMID: 2611858, DOI: 10.1007/bf00218863.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransganglionic degenerative atrophyTransneuronal degenerationDegenerative atrophyMild formPrimary sensory terminalsPrimate spinal cordSubstantia gelatinosa cellsUpper dorsal hornSG cellsDorsal hornSpinothalamic tractPrimary afferentsAfferent activityInnocuous inputsRolando substanceSciatic nerveSynaptic relationshipsSpinal cordProjection cellsSynaptic glomeruliSensory terminalsSevere degenerationSevere formDendritic processesCentral terminalsDistribution of neuropeptide y‐containing perikarya and axons in various neocortical areas in the macaque monkey
Kuljis R, Rakic P. Distribution of neuropeptide y‐containing perikarya and axons in various neocortical areas in the macaque monkey. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1989, 280: 383-392. PMID: 2918100, DOI: 10.1002/cne.902800305.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeuropeptide YMacaque monkeysDensity of NPYDistribution of NPYNPY-like immunoreactivityLocal neuronal circuitsLimbic areasInfragranular layersLayer IVArea 17Cortical greyLaminar differencesMotor areaCortical areasNeocortical areasLayers IIPrimary sensoryLaminar segregationWhite matterNeuronal circuitsLayer INPYAxonsImmunocytochemical labelingPerikarya
1985
The Changing View of Neural Specificity
Easter S, Purves D, Rakic P, Spitzer N. The Changing View of Neural Specificity. Science 1985, 230: 507-511. PMID: 4048944, DOI: 10.1126/science.4048944.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDispersion of growing axons within the optic nerve of the embryonic monkey.
Williams R, Rakic P. Dispersion of growing axons within the optic nerve of the embryonic monkey. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1985, 82: 3906-3910. PMID: 3858851, PMCID: PMC397898, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.11.3906.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFine structure of growth cones in the upper dorsal horn of the adult primate spinal cord in the course of reactive synapto-neogenesis
Knyihár-Csillik E, Rakic P, Csillik B. Fine structure of growth cones in the upper dorsal horn of the adult primate spinal cord in the course of reactive synapto-neogenesis. Cell And Tissue Research 1985, 239: 633-641. PMID: 2580631, DOI: 10.1007/bf00219242.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUpper dorsal hornDendritic growth conesSpinal cordDorsal hornAxonal growth conesGrowth conesPrimate spinal cordTransganglionic degenerative atrophyLumbar spinal cordPrimary afferent terminalsImmature synapsesAfferent terminalsSciatic nerveDegenerative atrophyCNS regenerationGrowth cone vesiclesAxoplasmic reticulumPreterminal portionsCordMacacus rhesusRegenerative processesMembrane specializationsElectron microscopic structureHornAtrophy
1984
Region‐specific distribution of catecholamine afferents in primate cerebral cortex: A fluorescence histochemical analysis
Levitt P, Rakic P, Goldman‐Rakic P. Region‐specific distribution of catecholamine afferents in primate cerebral cortex: A fluorescence histochemical analysis. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1984, 227: 23-36. PMID: 6470208, DOI: 10.1002/cne.902270105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCA innervationCerebral cortexCerebral lobesFluorescent axonsRhesus monkeysFirst anatomical demonstrationFluorescence histochemical analysisPrimate cerebral cortexSubjacent white matterPrimary visual cortexConcentration of DAAdult rhesus monkeysDifferent cortical regionsRegion-specific distributionLaminar distributionGyrencephalic brainLayer VICatecholamine afferentsSomatosensory areaFluorescence histochemistryPremotor areasCytoarchitectonic regionsIntracerebral distributionPreterminal axonsLayers II
1983
Regulation of axon number in primate optic nerve by prenatal binocular competition
Rakic P, Riley K. Regulation of axon number in primate optic nerve by prenatal binocular competition. Nature 1983, 305: 135-137. PMID: 6888556, DOI: 10.1038/305135a0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nerveAge-matched control animalsPrimate optic nerveMature rhesus monkeysOptic axonsAxon numberEarly lesionsRetinal axonsControl animalsSupernumerary fibresBrain areasSynaptic territoryRhesus monkeysBinocular competitionNerveEyesAxonsMonkeysNormal processVisual experienceGestationLesionsOverproduction and Elimination of Retinal Axons in the Fetal Rhesus Monkey
Rakic P, Riley K. Overproduction and Elimination of Retinal Axons in the Fetal Rhesus Monkey. Science 1983, 219: 1441-1444. PMID: 6828871, DOI: 10.1126/science.6828871.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1982
Ultrastructure of normal and degenerating glomerular terminals of dorsal root axons in the substantia gelatinosa of the rhesus monkey
Knyihar‐Csillik E, Csillik B, Rakic P. Ultrastructure of normal and degenerating glomerular terminals of dorsal root axons in the substantia gelatinosa of the rhesus monkey. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1982, 210: 357-375. PMID: 7142447, DOI: 10.1002/cne.902100404.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary sensory terminalsDorsal root axonsLamina IIClear synaptic vesiclesSynaptic vesiclesSensory terminalsRhesus monkeysDorsal root transectionDorsal root fibersEmpty synaptic vesiclesAdult rhesus monkeysSynaptic vesicle populationDense-core vesiclesDeep collateralsDorsal hornRoot transectionSubstantia gelatinosaDorsal rootsPrimary afferentsGlomerular terminalsSpinal cordAxon terminalsGlial cellsPosterior hornDegeneration patternsThe development and modifiability of the cerebral cortex. Overview.
Rakic P, Goldman-Rakic P. The development and modifiability of the cerebral cortex. Overview. Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin 1982, 20: 433-8. PMID: 6289184.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1981
Development of Visual Centers in the Primate Brain Depends on Binocular Competition Before Birth
Rakic P. Development of Visual Centers in the Primate Brain Depends on Binocular Competition Before Birth. Science 1981, 214: 928-931. PMID: 7302569, DOI: 10.1126/science.7302569.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVisual centersPrimate brainAberrant synaptic connectionsLateral geniculate nucleusOcular dominance columnsGeniculate neuronsGeniculate nucleusSynaptic connectivityIntact eyeVisual cortexSynaptic connectionsBinocular competitionCellular layersBrainBirthNotable alterationsEyesNormal inputFiber bandsCortexNeurons
1978
Transient Synapses in the Embryonic Primate Spinal Cord
Knyihar E, Csillik B, Rakic P. Transient Synapses in the Embryonic Primate Spinal Cord. Science 1978, 202: 1206-1209. PMID: 103200, DOI: 10.1126/science.103200.Peer-Reviewed Original Research