Featured Publications
2-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients
Forrest JK, Deeb GM, Yakubov SJ, Rovin JD, Mumtaz M, Gada H, O'Hair D, Bajwa T, Sorajja P, Heiser JC, Merhi W, Mangi A, Spriggs DJ, Kleiman NS, Chetcuti SJ, Teirstein PS, Zorn GL, Tadros P, Tchétché D, Resar JR, Walton A, Gleason TG, Ramlawi B, Iskander A, Caputo R, Oh JK, Huang J, Reardon MJ. 2-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2022, 79: 882-896. PMID: 35241222, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.062.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve replacementEvolut Low Risk trialLow-risk trialsAortic valve replacementPrimary endpointRisk trialsCause mortalityValve replacementTranscatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve ReplacementLow surgical risk patientsSurgical aortic valve replacementIndependent clinical events committeeEchocardiographic core laboratoryKaplan-Meier ratesSevere aortic stenosisClinical events committeeLow-risk patientsCause mortality ratesSelf-expanding valvesDisabling strokeEchocardiographic outcomesSurgical AVRTAVR groupSurgery groupAdverse eventsTranscatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-risk Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis
Forrest JK, Ramlawi B, Deeb GM, Zahr F, Song HK, Kleiman NS, Chetcuti SJ, Michelena HI, Mangi AA, Skiles JA, Huang J, Popma JJ, Reardon MJ. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-risk Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis. JAMA Cardiology 2020, 6: 50-57. PMID: 33031491, PMCID: PMC7542521, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4738.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve replacementBicuspid aortic valve stenosisAortic valve replacementAortic valve stenosisLow-risk patientsDevice success rateValve replacementValve stenosisCause mortalityRandomized trialsAmerican Heart Association/American CollegeSevere bicuspid aortic valve stenosisHigh device success rateLow surgical risk patientsPrespecified primary end pointPrimary efficacy end pointEnd pointBicuspid aortic stenosisMean AV gradientThoracic Surgeons scoreEfficacy end pointPrimary end pointLow surgical riskMild paravalvular leakNew permanent pacemakerTranscatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Bicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves From the STS/ACC TVT Registry
Forrest JK, Kaple RK, Ramlawi B, Gleason TG, Meduri CU, Yakubov SJ, Jilaihawi H, Liu F, Reardon MJ. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Bicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves From the STS/ACC TVT Registry. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2020, 13: 1749-1759. PMID: 32473890, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2020.03.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAortic Valve StenosisBicuspid Aortic Valve DiseaseFemaleHeart Valve ProsthesisHemodynamicsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPostoperative ComplicationsProsthesis DesignRecovery of FunctionRegistriesRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTranscatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsAortic valve stenosisBicuspid aortic valve stenosisTranscatheter aortic valve replacementEvolut PRO valveAortic valve replacementValve stenosisTVT RegistryCause mortalityValve replacementEvolut RBicuspid valveBicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic ValvesSTS/ACC TVT RegistryThoracic Surgeons/American CollegeTricuspid aortic valve stenosisCardiology TVT (Transcatheter Valve Therapy) RegistryTricuspid aortic stenosisRate of strokeSelf-expanding valvesLow complication rateTricuspid aortic valveAcceptable safety outcomesCardiac comorbiditiesEchocardiographic outcomesAortic stenosisEarly Outcomes With the Evolut PRO Repositionable Self-Expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve With Pericardial Wrap
Forrest JK, Mangi AA, Popma JJ, Khabbaz K, Reardon MJ, Kleiman NS, Yakubov SJ, Watson D, Kodali S, George I, Tadros P, Zorn GL, Brown J, Kipperman R, Saul S, Qiao H, Oh JK, Williams MR. Early Outcomes With the Evolut PRO Repositionable Self-Expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve With Pericardial Wrap. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2018, 11: 160-168. PMID: 29348010, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.10.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAortic ValveAortic Valve StenosisCause of DeathEchocardiographyFemaleHeart Valve ProsthesisHemodynamicsHumansMaleMitral Valve InsufficiencyPericardiumProspective StudiesProsthesis DesignRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexStrokeTime FactorsTranscatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsSelf-expanding transcatheter aortic valveSevere symptomatic aortic stenosisEvolut PRO valveSymptomatic aortic stenosisTranscatheter aortic valveAortic stenosisParavalvular leakAortic valveValve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteriaIndependent echocardiographic core laboratoryTranscatheter aortic valve replacementTranscatheter aortic valve systemEchocardiographic core laboratoryPrimary safety endpointPrimary efficacy endpointRemainder of patientsAortic valve replacementProportion of patientsProsthetic valve regurgitationSupra-annular valveEffective orifice areaDisabling strokeCause mortalityEfficacy endpointSafety endpointINITIAL USE OF THE EVOLUT PRO SELF-EXPANDING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE
Forrest J, Mangi A, Popma J, Khabbaz K, Reardon M, Kleiman N, Yakubov S, Watson D, Kodali S, George I, Tadros P, Zorn G, Brown J, Kipperman R, Staniloae C, Williams M. INITIAL USE OF THE EVOLUT PRO SELF-EXPANDING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2017, 69: 1288. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)34677-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPropensity-Matched Outcomes Comparing TAVR in Bicuspid vs Surgery in Tricuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis
Deeb G, Yakubov S, Reardon M, Ramlawi B, Chetcuti S, Kleiman N, Zahr F, Song H, Gada H, Mumtaz M, Ito S, Huang J, Forrest J. Propensity-Matched Outcomes Comparing TAVR in Bicuspid vs Surgery in Tricuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis. Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2022, 2: 100525. PMID: 39132531, PMCID: PMC11307701, DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100525.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTranscatheter aortic valve replacementSurgical aortic valve replacementAortic valve stenosisTricuspid aortic valve stenosisBicuspid aortic valve stenosisAortic valve replacementSAVR patientsValve replacementValve stenosisEvolut Low Risk trialIndependent clinical events committeeLow-risk trialsSerious adverse eventsSevere aortic regurgitationClinical events committeeLow surgical riskLow-risk patientsIndependent core laboratoryEffective orifice areaTAVR groupValve gradientAdverse eventsAortic regurgitationSurgical riskEvents committee3-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Forrest J, Deeb G, Yakubov S, Gada H, Mumtaz M, Ramlawi B, Bajwa T, Teirstein P, DeFrain M, Muppala M, Rutkin B, Chawla A, Jenson B, Chetcuti S, Stoler R, Poulin M, Khabbaz K, Levack M, Goel K, Tchétché D, Lam K, Tonino P, Ito S, Oh J, Huang J, Popma J, Kleiman N, Reardon M, Investigators L, Sorajja P, Byrne T, Kirshner M, Bajwa T, Crouch J, Coselli J, Silva G, Hebeler R, Stoler R, Islam A, Rousou A, Poulin M, Khabbaz K, Bladergroen M, Fail P, Netherland D, Lam K, Tonino W, Sudre A, Berthoumieu P, Tchétché D, Khalili H, Hughes G, Harrison J, De A, Tsau P, van Mieghem N, Larbalestier R, Yong G, Agarwal S, Martin W, Park S, Kleiman N, Reardon M, Mohammadi S, Rodes-Cabau J, Sparling J, Elkins C, Ganzel B, Matthews R, Starnes V, Ando K, Chevalier B, Farge A, DeFrain M, Muppala M, Combs W, Bagur R, Chu M, Fontana G, Dev V, Leya F, Tuchek J, Inglessis I, Jassar A, Piazza N, Lacappelle K, Steinberg D, Katz M, Wang J, Kozina J, Slachman F, Merritt R, Chawla A, Jensen B, Alvarez J, Gooley R, Smith J, Ibrahim R, Cartier R, Rovin J, Fujita T, Rutkin B, Yakubov S, Song H, Zahr F, Miyagawa S, Rajagopal V, Kauten J, Gada H, Mumtaz M, Bhindi R, Brady P, Batra S, Davis T, Iskander A, Heimansohn D, Hermiller J, Takamisawa I, Haldis T, Yamazaki S, Teirstein P, Tada N, Saito S, Merhi W, Leung S, Muller D, Heijmen R, Petrossian G, Robinson N, Knight P, Ling F, Radhakrishnan S, Fremes S, Lehr E, Gafoor S, Noel T, Walton A, Resar J, Adams D, Sharma S, Lilly S, Tadros P, Zorn G, Dauerman H, Ittleman F, Horlick E, Feindel C, Welt F, Sharma V, Markowitz A, Carroll J, Fullerton D, Griffith B, Gupta A, de Marchena E, Salerno T, Chetcuti S, Deeb G, Sultan I, Goel K, Pasupati S, Kon N, Zhao D, Ramlawi B, Forrest J. 3-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2023, 81: 1663-1674. PMID: 36882136, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.02.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve replacementAortic valve replacementLow-risk patientsCause mortalityPrimary endpointParavalvular regurgitationValve replacementEvolut Low Risk trialLow surgical risk patientsSurgical aortic valve replacementGreater paravalvular regurgitationLow-risk trialsData comparing outcomesLow-risk studiesSupra-annular valveEchocardiographic outcomesSecondary endpointsSurgery groupTAVR patientsRisk patientsSurgery patientsAortic stenosisPacemaker placementTreatment armsMean age
2024
Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in lower-risk patients: an updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Reddy R, Howard J, Reardon M, Thyregod H, Jorgensen T, Toff W, Forrest J, Leon M, Ahmad Y. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in lower-risk patients: an updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. European Heart Journal 2024, 45: ehae666.2456. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.2456.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLower-risk patientsIndividual patient dataFollow-upNo significant differenceClinical outcomesPairwise random-effects meta-analysesNew-onset atrial fibrillationLong-term clinical outcomesSurgical aortic valve replacementKaplan-Meier survival curvesMeta-analysis of randomised controlled trialsLow-surgical riskMeta-analysesAortic valve reinterventionReconstructed individual patient dataLow surgical riskAortic valve replacementFollow-up durationSevere aortic stenosisMeta-analysisSignificant differenceCox proportional hazards regressionComposite of deathKaplan-Meier plotsLonger-term follow-upThree-Year Outcomes Following TAVR in Younger (<75 Years) Low-Surgical-Risk Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients.
Modine T, Tchétché D, Van Mieghem N, Deeb G, Chetcuti S, Yakubov S, Sorajja P, Gada H, Mumtaz M, Ramlawi B, Bajwa T, Crouch J, Teirstein P, Kleiman N, Iskander A, Bagur R, Chu M, Berthoumieu P, Sudre A, Adrichem R, Ito S, Huang J, Popma J, Forrest J, Reardon M. Three-Year Outcomes Following TAVR in Younger (<75 Years) Low-Surgical-Risk Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2024, e014018. PMID: 39421943, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.124.014018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTranscatheter aortic valve replacementSelf-expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacementLow-risk patientsPatients aged <Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of MortalityRandomized to TAVRRate of severe prosthesis-patient mismatchSupra-annularThoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of MortalityEvolut Low Risk TrialIncidence of disabling strokePatients treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacementRate of valve thrombosisSevere prosthesis-patient mismatchPatients treated with surgeryDisabling strokeIncidence of pacemaker implantationSevere aortic stenosis patientsRates of all-cause mortalityProsthesis-patient mismatchAortic valve replacementSevere aortic stenosisAortic stenosis patientsPatients to treatmentAll-cause mortalityTCT-187 Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on the Progression of Aortic Stenosis
Shah T, Shah H, Zhang Z, Fanaroff A, Nathan A, Parise H, Lutz J, Sugeng L, Bellumkonda L, Redfors B, Omerovic E, Petrie M, Vora A, Fiorilli P, Kobayashi T, Ahmad Y, Forrest J, Giri J, Herrmann H, Lansky A. TCT-187 Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on the Progression of Aortic Stenosis. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2024, 84: b10. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.09.223.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFour-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter or Contemporary Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement from the Evolut Low Risk Trial
Ramlawi B, Deeb G, Mumtaz M, Bajwa T, Rovin J, Yakubov S, Jung Y, Reardon M, Forrest J. Four-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter or Contemporary Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement from the Evolut Low Risk Trial. Journal Of Thoracic And Cardiovascular Surgery 2024 PMID: 39181441, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.08.023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSurgical Risk Does Not Predict Ischemic Stroke or Acute Infarction After TAVR: Results of a Patient-Level Pooled Analysis
Grubman D, Lansky A, Dwyer M, Zivadinov R, Pietras C, Nazif T, Moses J, Shah T, Gambone L, Leon M, Forrest J, Vora A, Parise H, Messé S. Surgical Risk Does Not Predict Ischemic Stroke or Acute Infarction After TAVR: Results of a Patient-Level Pooled Analysis. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 2024, 65: 80. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2024.04.179.Peer-Reviewed Original Research800.01 Redo-TAVR With the Supra-Annular, Self-Expanding Evolut Platform: Insights from a Multi-Center Real-World Registry
Rogers T, Bapat V, Chetcuti S, Dauerman H, Forrest J, Grubb K, Htun W, Puri R, Reardon M, Tang G, Vora A, Yakubov S, Eisenberg R, Attizzani G. 800.01 Redo-TAVR With the Supra-Annular, Self-Expanding Evolut Platform: Insights from a Multi-Center Real-World Registry. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 2024, 65: 77. DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2024.04.173.Peer-Reviewed Original Research3-Year Outcomes From the Evolut Low Risk TAVR Bicuspid Study
Zahr F, Ramlawi B, Reardon M, Deeb G, Yakubov S, Song H, Kleiman N, Chetcuti S, Gada H, Mumtaz M, Leung S, Merhi W, Rovin J, DeFrain M, Muppala M, Kauten J, Rajagopal V, Huang J, Ito S, Forrest J. 3-Year Outcomes From the Evolut Low Risk TAVR Bicuspid Study. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2024, 17: 1667-1675. PMID: 39048253, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.05.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAortic ValveAortic Valve StenosisBicuspid Aortic Valve DiseaseBioprosthesisFemaleHeart Valve DiseasesHeart Valve ProsthesisHemodynamicsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPostoperative ComplicationsProspective StudiesProsthesis DesignRecovery of FunctionRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexTime FactorsTranscatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsTranscatheter aortic valve replacementRates of all-cause mortalityAll-cause mortalityAortic stenosisThoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality scoreThoracic Surgeons Predicted RiskSevere paravalvular aortic regurgitationBicuspid aortic valve anatomyRisk of Mortality scoreEchocardiographic core laboratoryLow-surgical risk patientsAortic valve anatomyKaplan-Meier ratesLow surgical riskClinical events committeeAortic valve replacementSevere aortic stenosisParavalvular aortic regurgitationPermanent pacemaker implantationBicuspid aortic stenosisFavorable hemodynamic performanceEvaluated 3 yearsAttempted implantEchocardiographic outcomesAortic regurgitationTranscatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Women With Small Annuli at Low or Intermediate Surgical Risk
Modine T, Forrest J, Van Mieghem N, Deeb G, Yakubov S, Ali W, Tchétché D, Lam K, Oh J, Huang J, Mehran R, Reardon M. Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Women With Small Annuli at Low or Intermediate Surgical Risk. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2024, 223: 147-155. PMID: 38641189, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.04.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTranscatheter aortic valve replacementAortic valve replacementIntermediate surgical riskValve replacementSurgical riskAortic stenosisTranscatheter aortic valve replacement groupImpact of transcatheter aortic valve replacementSurgical aortic valve replacementMid-term clinical outcomesPatient-prothesis mismatchSmall aortic annulusMidterm clinical outcomesSevere aortic stenosisSelf-expandingEffective orifice areaAll-cause mortalityEvaluated 2 yearsPost hoc analysisRandomized controlled trialsAortic annulusSurgical groupPrimary endpointHemodynamic outcomesClinical outcomesReinterventions After CoreValve/Evolut Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Treatment of Severe Aortic Stenosis
Grubb K, Lisko J, O'Hair D, Merhi W, Forrest J, Mahoney P, Van Mieghem N, Windecker S, Yakubov S, Williams M, Chetcuti S, Deeb G, Kleiman N, Althouse A, Reardon M. Reinterventions After CoreValve/Evolut Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Treatment of Severe Aortic Stenosis. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2024, 17: 1007-1016. PMID: 38573257, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.01.292.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAortic ValveAortic Valve StenosisFemaleHeart Valve ProsthesisHeart Valve Prosthesis ImplantationHumansIncidenceMalePostoperative ComplicationsProsthesis DesignRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRetreatmentRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexTime FactorsTranscatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementTreatment OutcomeConceptsSurgical aortic valve replacementTranscatheter aortic valve replacementIncidence of reinterventionAortic valve replacementCumulative incidence of reinterventionValve replacementValve reinterventionCumulative incidenceCoreValve transcatheter aortic valve replacementLow incidence of reinterventionSurgical aortic valve replacement patientsSingle-arm studyFirst-generation CoreValveEvolut R/ProParavalvular regurgitationReinterventionRandomized trialsLow incidenceCoreValvePooled dataTranscatheterIncidenceTreatmentYearsEndocarditisImplementing Formal Mitral Heart Team Improves Multidisciplinary Evaluation Rate and Survival of Patients With Severe Primary Mitral Regurgitation
Waldron C, Mori M, Krane M, Reinhardt S, Ahmad Y, Kaple R, Forrest J, Geirsson A. Implementing Formal Mitral Heart Team Improves Multidisciplinary Evaluation Rate and Survival of Patients With Severe Primary Mitral Regurgitation. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2024, 13: e033324. PMID: 38390804, PMCID: PMC11179864, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033324.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSevere primary mitral regurgitationPrimary mitral regurgitationHeart failure symptomsMitral regurgitationMultidisciplinary evaluationPatient survivalHeart teamFailure symptomsSociety of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of MortalityThoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of MortalityImprove overall patient survivalCorrection of MRAssociated with lower oddsMultidisciplinary heart teamSurvival of patientsAssociated with higher oddsOverall patient survivalProportion of patientsRetrospective cohort studyCardiac surgery servicesHistory of MIOptimal treatment decisionsPropensity-score matchingRisk of mortalityStructural cardiology800.09 Surgical Risk Does Not Predict Ischemic Stroke or Acute Infarction After TAVR: Results of a Patient-Level Pooled Analysis
Grubman D, Lansky A, Dwyer M, Zivadinov R, Pietras C, Nazif T, Moses J, Shah T, Gambone L, Leon M, Forrest J, Vora A, Parise H, Messé S. 800.09 Surgical Risk Does Not Predict Ischemic Stroke or Acute Infarction After TAVR: Results of a Patient-Level Pooled Analysis. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2024, 17: s67-s68. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.01.234.Peer-Reviewed Original Research800.01 Redo-TAVR with the Supra-Annular, Self-Expanding Evolut Platform: Insights from a Multi-Center Real-World Registry
Rogers T, Bapat V, Chetcuti S, Dauerman H, Forrest J, Grubb K, Htun W, Puri R, Reardon M, Tang G, Vora A, Yakubov S, Eisenberg R, Attizzani G. 800.01 Redo-TAVR with the Supra-Annular, Self-Expanding Evolut Platform: Insights from a Multi-Center Real-World Registry. JACC Cardiovascular Interventions 2024, 17: s65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.01.227.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRacial/Ethnic Disparities in Aortic Valve Replacement Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States, 2012-2019
Gupta A, Mori M, Wang Y, Pawar S, Vahl T, Nazif T, Onuma O, Yong C, Sharma R, Kirtane A, Forrest J, George I, Kodali S, Chikwe J, Geirsson A, Makkar R, Leon M, Krumholz H. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Aortic Valve Replacement Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States, 2012-2019. The American Journal Of Medicine 2024, 137: 321-330.e7. PMID: 38190959, PMCID: PMC11019903, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.12.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAortic valve replacementRace/ethnicityValve replacementAortic stenosisWhite patientsMedicare beneficiariesSurgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) proceduresCross-sectional cohort studyAortic valve replacement proceduresAortic stenosis treatmentRacial/Ethnic DisparitiesValve replacement proceduresSelf-reported race/ethnicityRace-related differencesIndex admissionIndex hospitalizationCohort studyAsian patientsPrincipal diagnosisProcedural outcomesStenosis treatmentCare spectrumPatientsEthnic disparitiesStenosis