2010
Tourette Syndrome in Children: An Updated Review
Du JC, Chiu TF, Lee KM, Wu HL, Yang YC, Hsu SY, Sun CS, Hwang B, Leckman JF. Tourette Syndrome in Children: An Updated Review. Pediatrics & Neonatology 2010, 51: 255-264. PMID: 20951354, DOI: 10.1016/s1875-9572(10)60050-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeVocal ticsMovement disordersBasal ganglia-related circuitsRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationPathophysiology of TSA2-adrenergic agonistHabit reversal therapySocial functioningTranscranial magnetic stimulationCommon neuropsychiatric disorderPatients' social functioningAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderCommon comorbiditiesNeurological examinationStreptococcal infectionReversal therapyObsessive-compulsive disorderAtypical neurolepticsDopaminergic innervationCorrect diagnosisSevere casesMagnetic stimulationSensory urge
2005
Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: overview and practical guide to diagnosis and treatment.
Swain JE, Leckman JF. Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: overview and practical guide to diagnosis and treatment. Innov Clin Neurosci 2005, 2: 26-36. PMID: 21152158, PMCID: PMC3000195.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTourette syndromeObsessive-compulsive disorderNatural historyFirst-line optionCourse of illnessAlpha-adrenergic agentsComputerized literature searchAtypical neurolepticsTic disordersAccurate prognosticationAdrenergic agentsPathophysiological modelProper diagnosisHabit reversalSyndromeLiterature searchAnxiety disordersBehavioral interventionsImproved treatmentDisordersPatientsPractical reviewTreatmentDiagnosisAttention problems
2001
Tic disorders: when habit forming neural systems form habits of their own?
Leckman JF, Yeh CB, Cohen DJ. Tic disorders: when habit forming neural systems form habits of their own? Journal Of The Chinese Medical Association 2001, 64: 669-92. PMID: 11922487.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderBasal gangliaIntolerable side effectsSubgroup of patientsLong-term outcomesAlpha-adrenergic agentsMajor affective disordersSpecific brain circuitsNew therapeutic directionDeficit/hyperactivity disorderAutoimmune mechanismsEarly brain developmentComorbid conditionsAtypical neurolepticsClinical neuroscience researchClinical trialsPrevalent disorderChildhood onsetClinical careMarked impairmentSide effectsPharmacological techniquesAffective disorders