2022
Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades
Leckman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Lahnin F, Lynch K, Bondi C, Kim Y, Peterson B. Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades. 2022, 80-85. DOI: 10.4324/9780203822937-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchYears of ageDecades of lifeTic severityTourette syndromeTS patientsTic onsetClinical evaluationPrevalence studySeverity of ticsInitial clinical evaluationConsistent time courseTime courseHigh rateOnset of pubertyInitial followPatient's coursePrognostic valueYale Child Study CenterBirth-year cohortsPatientsNatural historySyndromeCurve analysisSeverityStudy centers
2001
Antibodies against neural, nuclear, cytoskeletal, and streptococcal epitopes in children and adults with Tourette’s syndrome, Sydenham’s chorea, and autoimmune disorders
Morshed S, Parveen S, Leckman J, Mercadante M, Kiss M, Miguel E, Arman A, Yazgan Y, Fujii T, Paul S, Peterson B, Zhang H, King R, Scahill L, Lombroso P. Antibodies against neural, nuclear, cytoskeletal, and streptococcal epitopes in children and adults with Tourette’s syndrome, Sydenham’s chorea, and autoimmune disorders. Biological Psychiatry 2001, 50: 566-577. PMID: 11690591, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01096-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTotal antinuclear antibodiesAntinuclear antibodiesAutoimmune disordersTourette syndromeAnticytoskeletal antibodiesAntineural antibodiesStreptococcal infectionT patientsTS patientsBeta-hemolytic streptococcal infectionPrior streptococcal infectionHemolytic streptococcal infectionAntistreptolysin O titerIndirect immunofluorescent assayLevels of immunoreactivityWestern blot techniqueMean rankClinical characteristicsSydenham's choreaO titerPatient groupSC patientsIgG antibodiesIgG classNormal controls
1998
Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades
Leckman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Lahnin F, Lynch K, Bondi C, Kim Y, Peterson B. Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades. Pediatrics 1998, 102: 14-19. PMID: 9651407, DOI: 10.1542/peds.102.1.14.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageTic severityTS patientsTourette syndromeSeverity of ticsInitial clinical evaluationDecades of lifeConsistent time courseOnset of pubertyPatient's coursePrognostic valueTic onsetYale Child Study CenterClinical evaluationBirth-year cohortsPrevalence studyPatientsSeverityStudy centersChild Study CenterIdentification of factorsSevere levelsAgeProgressive patternSyndrome